The Science Of Psychology Quiz

1.

A _____ is an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and predicts behavior.

Explanation
A theory is a systematic and organized collection of statements that aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of a particular phenomenon. It involves describing, explaining, and predicting behavior based on empirical evidence and logical reasoning. Theories are essential in various fields, including science, psychology, and social sciences, as they help researchers and scholars to make sense of complex phenomena and guide further research and exploration.

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2.

What is the statistical number that represents the direction of the relations between variables and its strength?
- A.
  
  Survey responses
- B.
  
  Independent variable
- C.
  
  Extraneous variables
- D.
  
  Correlation coefficient
Correct Answer
D. Correlation coefficient

Explanation
The statistical number that represents the direction of the relations between variables and its strength is the correlation coefficient. This coefficient measures the degree of association between two variables and indicates both the direction (positive or negative) and the strength of the relationship. A positive correlation coefficient indicates a direct relationship, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases. On the other hand, a negative correlation coefficient indicates an inverse relationship, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases. The magnitude of the correlation coefficient represents the strength of the relationship, with values closer to 1 indicating a stronger correlation.

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3.

What is the first step in the scientific method?
- A.
  
  Testing the hypothesis
- B.
  
  Asking a question
- C.
  
  Reviewing the literature
- D.
  
  Reporting results
Correct Answer
B. Asking a question

Explanation
The first step in the scientific method is asking a question. This is because scientific inquiry begins with curiosity and the desire to explore and understand the natural world. By asking a question, scientists can identify the problem they want to investigate and formulate a clear objective for their research. This step sets the foundation for the entire scientific process, as it guides the subsequent steps of formulating a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.

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4.

The general goals of psychology are description, explanation, prediction, and control
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The statement is true because the general goals of psychology include describing behavior and mental processes, explaining why they occur, predicting future behavior based on past observations, and ultimately controlling or influencing behavior to bring about positive change. These goals guide psychologists in their research and practice, allowing them to better understand and address various psychological phenomena and issues.

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5.

What is the psychological perspective focused on structure and basic elements of the mind that died out in the early 1900s?
- A.
  
  Functionalism
- B.
  
  Structuralism
- C.
  
  Behavoralism
- D.
  
  Psychodynamic
Correct Answer
B. Structuralism

Explanation
Structuralism is the correct answer because it was a psychological perspective that focused on analyzing the structure and basic elements of the mind. It aimed to break down consciousness into its fundamental components and understand how they interacted with each other. However, structuralism declined in popularity and eventually died out in the early 1900s due to criticisms regarding its reliance on introspection and its limited scope in explaining complex human behavior.

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6.

What is the aspect of psychology that focuses on perception and sensation, "the whole is more than the sum of the parts"?
- A.
  
  Psychoanalysis
- B.
  
  Functionalism
- C.
  
  Gestalt psychology
- D.
  
  Behavioral psychology
Correct Answer
C. Gestalt psychology

Explanation
Gestalt psychology is the aspect of psychology that focuses on perception and sensation, emphasizing that "the whole is more than the sum of the parts." This approach emphasizes the importance of studying the mind and behavior as a whole, rather than breaking it down into individual elements. Gestalt psychologists believe that our perception is influenced by how we organize and interpret the sensory information we receive, and that our experience of the world is shaped by the patterns and relationships we perceive.

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7.

The process of objectively examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities is called _______ _________.

Correct Answer
objective introspection

Explanation
Objective introspection refers to the process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities in an unbiased and impartial manner. It involves observing and analyzing one's own mental processes, such as thoughts, feelings, and sensations, without any personal bias or subjective judgments. This method was used by early psychologists, such as Wilhelm Wundt, to study the structure of the mind and understand human consciousness. Objective introspection allows for a scientific and systematic approach to studying the inner workings of the mind, providing valuable insights into human cognition and behavior.

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8.

Basic research is aimed at answering real-world practical problems.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
False; basic research is for the sake of gaining scientific knowledge and applied research is aimed at answering real-world practical problems.

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9.

_____ is a measure of the relationship between two variables.

Correct Answer
Correlation

Explanation
Correlation is a statistical measure that quantifies the relationship between two variables. It indicates the strength and direction of the relationship, whether it is positive (both variables increase or decrease together), negative (one variable increases while the other decreases), or no correlation (no relationship between the variables). Correlation is often used to analyze the extent to which changes in one variable can be predicted by changes in another variable. It is represented by a correlation coefficient, which ranges from -1 to +1, with values closer to -1 or +1 indicating a stronger correlation.

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10.

What is the historical perspective of psychology that focused on the way the mind helps people to function in real life and to adapt to their surroundings?
- A.
  
  Behaviorism
- B.
  
  Structuralism
- C.
  
  Functionalism
- D.
  
  Humanistic
Correct Answer
C. Functionalism

Explanation
Functionalism is a historical perspective of psychology that focuses on how the mind helps individuals function in real life and adapt to their surroundings. It emphasizes the purpose and function of mental processes and behavior, rather than their structure or elements (as in structuralism). Functionalism also considers the practical implications of psychological processes and emphasizes the importance of studying behavior in its natural context. This perspective is different from behaviorism, which focuses solely on observable behavior, and humanistic psychology, which emphasizes individual growth and self-actualization.

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11.

In an experiment to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on completion of a puzzle, one group is allowed to sleep eight hours while another group is made to stay awake. In this experiment, the control group is .....
- A.
  
  The group that gets to sleep.
- B.
  
  The group that stays awake.
- C.
  
  The puzzle.
- D.
  
  The difference in time for each group to complete the puzzle.
Correct Answer
A. The group that gets to sleep.

Explanation
In this experiment, the control group refers to the group that is used as a baseline for comparison. In this case, the control group is the group that gets to sleep for eight hours. By comparing the effects of sleep deprivation on the group that stays awake with the control group, the researchers can determine the specific effects of sleep deprivation on completion of the puzzle.

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The Science Of Psychology Quiz

A _____ is an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and predicts behavior.

What is the statistical number that represents the direction of the relations between variables and its strength?

What is the first step in the scientific method?

The general goals of psychology are description, explanation, prediction, and control

What is the psychological perspective focused on structure and basic elements of the mind that died out in the early 1900s?

What is the aspect of psychology that focuses on perception and sensation, "the whole is more than the sum of the parts"?

The process of objectively examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities is called _______ _________.

Basic research is aimed at answering real-world practical problems.

_____ is a measure of the relationship between two variables.

What is the historical perspective of psychology that focused on the way the mind helps people to function in real life and to adapt to their surroundings?

In an experiment to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on completion of a puzzle, one group is allowed to sleep eight hours while another group is made to stay awake. In this experiment, the control group is .....

The process of objectively examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities is called _ ___.