History Test: Middle Ages And Early Modern Period

Empires that were formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions that they conquered were "_________________." The success of these empires was based on its mastery of the technology of firearms and they maintained their empire through force and military.

____________ are the elite guard who served in the military of the Ottoman Empire. They were recruited from Christian families and served the sultan, after converting to Islam.

This was the Byzantine church of Constantinople, which was the model for the Ottoman Turk's mosques. Their mosques were the greatest contribution they made to world art and this church as inspiration for their architecture.

The grandson of the founder of the Mogul Empire, he ascended the throne at 14. He created the greatest Indian empire since the Mauryan dynasty.

___________ was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566. Under his rule. the Ottoman Empire reached its high point. He was known as _________ the Great because he more than doubled their lands of his empire and encouraged the growth of architecture and arts.

This was a private company that was empowered by the British crown to act on its behalf-- brought the British to India and gave them great riches.

This dynasty took over the empire of Timur Lenk in Persia, after its fall into anarchy. They used their religion as a unifying force and were able to regain some of their lost territories.

The ____________ were a dynasty that formed in the Indian subcontinent. They were able to bring about a new era of unity to the region, which was divided into a number of Hindus and Muslim kingdoms before this dynasty.

This man was the founder of the Mogul Dynasty and was able to capture Delhi and establish his power in North India.

The __________ is the best example of Mogul architecture that combined Persian and Indian influences together. It is considered to be the most beautiful building in India and was built by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife.

Also known as the Northern Renaissance humanism, _________ had the major goal to reform the Catholic Church. It was the idea that we can use reason to understand faith.

An artistic movement where artists tried to portray the world realistically by portraying humans in realistic settings.

The language and everyday speech in a particular language.

One of the most influential works on political power that tells leaders how to attain and maintain power.

The "Father of Humanism" did more than any individual to help spread humanism.

An artist who is admired for his madonnas (paintings of the Virgin Mary) and frescoes in the Vatican Palace. Had the School of Athens.

Holy Roman Emperor who wanted to keep the Holy Roman Empire catholic and completely under his control. Did not want to give princes the power to change religion.

Was considered the archetypal person during the Italian Renaissance. He was the basis to which everyone else measured their work.

A formal agreement that accepted the division of Christianity in Germany. This was the first time a political state recognized a church other than the Catholic Church.

The ____________ or _____________ made a vow of absolute obedience to the pope.

This family took over Florence and were known as a family of power. Used their wealth and personal influence to control the government.

The best-known Christian humanist. Helped lay the egg of the Protestant Reformation and called his view the "Philosophy of Christ."

The ____________ was a vital part of the Catholic Reformation. They met for 18 years and determined faith and good works were needed to achieve salvation.

Based on the study of the classics (literary works of ancient Greece and Rome). _________ was a key intellectual movement of the (Ital.) Renaissance.

One of the most important characters in the Protestant Reformation. Wrote the 95 These and was a martyr, turning the movement into a revolution.

A decree baning the writings of Martin Luther, and made him an outlaw.

Radicals who disliked giving the state a dominant role in the church and believed in a separation of church and state. Were persecuted by Protestants and Catholics.

This man produced the first European book using movable type.

Factors that lead to the Italian Renaissance:

• A.

  Power of Church Decreasing

• B.

  Stability Increasing

• C.

  Middle class had more money to spend and access

• D.

  Emphasis on the individual

• E.

  The upper class had money to spend and access

This treaty signed by the Spanish and Portuguese split the Americas between two groups. The Spanish and Portuguese agreed to wipe out the natives--not each other.

This made Catholicism the official religion of France, but gave Huguenots the same political rights as Catholics, allowing them to worship freely.

This ruler passed a new Act of Supremacy, balanced the power between France and Spain, and is credited with defeating the Spanish armada.

This granted all German states the right to choose their own religion, bringing an end to the Holy Roman Empire.

The controller of finances who improved the transportation system raised tariffs on foreign goods and created a merchant marine to carry French goods.

The Russian nobility--Ivan the Terrible crushed their power.

___________ laid the foundation of the Prussian state, giving it the 4th largest army in Europe.

_________ said that humans were guided by the need for survival---not reason. Said absolute power was essential to maintain order.

____________ was the powerful daimyo of Edo who took control of Japan and the title of Shogun. Brought a time known as the "Great Peace"

______________ is the idea that the sole purpose of colonies is to bring in gold and aid the economy of the mother.

Trying to destroy another country by undermining their economy or undergoing a trade war is known as __________

This kingdom controlled the Spice Trade (prior to Europe)

Huguenots vs. Catholics (ie: Henry of Navaree vs. Valois Dynasty and ultra-catholics). The people eventually sided with Navaree making him the 1st Protestant king. This war of religion is ___________

Most Catholic King--supported of militant catholicism.

The war fought over recognizing Calvinism. It was the Holy Roman Empire vs. Princes. German states were allowed to choose religion, but the Holy Roman Empire was lost.

Struggle for power between the King and Parliament. Eventually, the Parliament won.

Supporters of the King were known as ___________ Supporters of the Parliament were called _________ ..this was during the English Civil War

Intellectual movement reflecting the uncertainity about world, suffering, religous ecstacy, heightened emotions.

This man believed humans were basically godo, relatively peaceful, and nonviolent before the state. (natural rights and gov. must protect those rights)

The Cross-roads of Trade.

The link between Asia and Europe.