Hidden EP Quiz No.13

Before the development of computer mapping software, spatial analysis was conducted manually by overlaying different thematic maps of the same scale. This process was primarily used to determine geohazards and physical constraints, areas that are suitable for urban development, and critical areas that require rehabilitation or intervention. Therefore, all of the given choices were considered in the manual spatial analysis process.

The weakness of applying Central Place Theory in a simplistic way on the Philippines is that the country does not have a compact land mass with homogeneous features. The archipelagic nature of the Philippines creates natural discontinuities that make movement and economic exchange difficult. Additionally, the spatial integration between urban and rural areas is impeded by poor transport infrastructure, which inflates prices. Therefore, all of the above reasons contribute to the weakness of applying Central Place Theory in the Philippines.

The correct answer is "Watershed." A watershed is a natural region defined by Presidential Decree 1559 as a relatively large area that includes mountain rivers, tributaries, streams, and land surfaces. It is characterized by rainwater runoff that drains into a common downstream point, such as a lake, estuary, or coastal water body. A watershed is essential for ecosystem-based planning and management as it helps to understand the flow of water and the interconnectedness of different water bodies within a specific area.

Commercial fishing refers to the taking of fishery species using passive or active gear for trade, business, or profit beyond subsistence fishing or sports fishing. It involves the use of marine vessels weighing 3.1 gross tons (GT) or more. This type of fishing is done on a larger scale and is aimed at generating profit through the sale of fish and seafood products. The term "commercial" indicates that it is conducted as a business venture rather than for personal or recreational purposes.

Human capital refers to the collective knowledge, skills, health, attitudes, and entrepreneurial qualities of individuals in a community or region. This term is used by economists Theodore Schultz, Jacob Mincer, and Gary S. Becker to explain how these assets determine the ability of a community or region to absorb new technologies, increase productivity, and generate progress. In other words, human capital is the foundation for economic growth and development.

The Chicago school of human ecology is the correct answer because it is a school of thought that views cities or human settlements as biological organisms. It suggests that these settlements can be studied using principles from biology, such as evolution, natural selection, competition, adaptation, and survival of the fittest. This approach also acknowledges the possibility of decline and death in human settlements, just as it occurs in biological organisms.

Land use planning for the community as a whole is necessary because the conservation of soil, water, and other natural resources often requires collective efforts and resources that individual land users may not possess. This is especially true in situations where the scale of conservation measures needed exceeds what can be achieved by individual actions. In such cases, a coordinated approach is necessary to ensure the sustainable use and preservation of natural resources.

According to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) refers to an area of up to 200 nautical miles from a state's shore. In this zone, the state is granted the sovereign right to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage all natural resources. Additionally, the state has the authority to determine the total allowable catch (TAC) of living resources. Therefore, the correct answer is Exclusive Economic Zone.

'Land Classification' and 'Land Use' are not the same. They have different meanings and purposes. 'Land Classification' is a scientific conceptual scheme that categorizes land based on specific criteria such as soil type, vegetation, and topography. It is used to understand and study the characteristics of different types of land. On the other hand, 'Land Use' refers to the actual utilization or consumption of land. It focuses on how land is being used by humans for various purposes such as agriculture, residential, industrial, or recreational activities.

Soil characteristics are a factor to determine the suitability of land for heavy industrial use. Different types of soil have different properties that can affect the stability and support of structures. Factors such as soil composition, compaction, and drainage can impact the ability of the land to withstand heavy loads and provide a stable foundation for industrial activities. Therefore, soil characteristics are an important consideration when determining the suitability of land for heavy industrial use.

The given information does not directly provide the percentage of "alienable and disposable" land area. Therefore, an explanation cannot be generated.

The formula for Location Rent at the center of the city is given as Rent Gradient multiplied by Radius. In this case, the Rent Gradient is equal to the transport cost per capita per year multiplied by the density per sq.km. The radius distance of Pateros from the center of Metro Manila is 10.266 km, and the average density is 29,495.24 persons per km. To calculate the location rent per square meter in Pateros, we need to convert the density from sq.km to sq.m. By multiplying the density by 1000000 (since there are 1000000 sq.m in 1 sq.km), we get the density per sq.m. Then, we multiply the transport cost per capita per year by the density per sq.m and the radius distance to get the location rent per sq.m. The correct answer is 4,641 per m2.

Soil compactors are not a useful method for conserving farm soils through bio-engineering. Soil compaction can actually harm the soil structure and reduce its fertility. Compaction can lead to poor water infiltration and drainage, which can negatively impact plant growth and increase erosion. Therefore, using soil compactors would not be an effective method for conserving farm soils.

The term "highest and best use" refers to the most profitable use of land that maximizes returns while using limited resources. These returns can be in the form of monetary or non-monetary gains, tangible or intangible benefits, depending on the individual making the decision. This concept is important in determining the optimal use of land to ensure maximum profitability and efficiency.

The large regular inflow and outflow of motorists and the higher daytime population compared to the nighttime population increase the responsibility of the local government unit (LGU) to safeguard the well-being of people. This is because the constant movement of people and vehicles in the central business district creates a higher demand for infrastructure, transportation systems, and public services. The LGU needs to ensure that there is adequate traffic management, public safety measures, and access to essential services to meet the needs of the larger population during the day.

The given correct answer is the Urban Density Method. According to Ernesto Serote, the FAO formula for urban land allocation is not realistic in highly-urbanized LGUs due to the rapid pace of change. Therefore, to estimate urban land demand, the Urban Density Method is used. This method involves a time-series comparison of aerial photographs supplemented by on-foot survey of urban land. It takes into account the density of the population and their spatial distribution to determine the land demand in urban areas.

A Comprehensive Development Plan is a medium-term action plan used by local administrations to implement various programs and projects for socio-economic development. It includes sectoral, cross-sectoral, and multi-sectoral initiatives that are translated into public investment measures and incentives for private investment. This plan focuses on the overall development of a region or area, taking into account various factors such as land use, infrastructure, and economic growth. It serves as a blueprint for guiding the development of the region and ensuring coordinated and sustainable growth.

The given answer, "Climate," is correct because it refers to the discussion of patterns of precipitation, temperature, humidity, and wind. Climate is the study of long-term weather patterns in a particular area, which includes the mentioned elements. Therefore, it is the appropriate category for the discussion of these atmospheric conditions in the SEPP.

In an output map of the computer-based system, 'roads,' 'irrigation canals,' and 'sewers' are represented in the form called vector. Vector graphics use mathematical equations to represent lines, curves, and shapes. They are resolution-independent and can be scaled without losing quality. This makes them suitable for representing detailed features like roads, canals, and sewers in a map. Unlike raster graphics, which are made up of pixels and can become pixelated when scaled, vector graphics maintain their smoothness and clarity. Therefore, vector is the correct form for representing these features in the output map.

Cities that pursue the criterion of "quality of life conducive to attracting investors and retaining skilled international migrants" are focusing on creating an environment that is attractive to both investors and skilled workers from around the world. By improving the quality of life in terms of infrastructure, amenities, and overall livability, these cities aim to attract investment and retain a talented workforce. This criterion recognizes the importance of creating a favorable living and working environment as a key factor in achieving greater global competitiveness.

A "New Town" refers to a large-scale master-planned development that includes housing, work places, and related facilities within a self-contained setup. It is based on the assumption that it can be built from scratch or close to it. This term is commonly used to describe the development of a completely new urban area or settlement, designed to accommodate a growing population and provide all necessary amenities and infrastructure. Examples of New Towns include Milton Keynes in the UK and Chandigarh in India.

If a firm subscribes to the Institutional Theory of firm location as shaped by neo-liberal economics, it would prioritize factors that directly impact its business operations and profitability. This includes considering the costs of doing business, stability of government and predictability of its policies, and peace and order and the physical safety of employees. However, leisure opportunities such as golf courses and exclusive resorts for the managerial elite and their families would be considered the least important factor, as it does not directly contribute to the firm's productivity or bottom line.

In 1978, the American Institute of Planners and the American Society of Planning Officials merged to form the American Planning Association. This organization is the present-day leading professional organization for urban planners and those involved in the field of planning in the United States. The merger brought together the expertise and resources of both organizations, allowing for a stronger and more unified voice in advocating for effective planning practices and policies. The American Planning Association continues to play a vital role in promoting sustainable and equitable development in communities across the country.

Leo Klaasen concluded that the optimum city size should be between 200,000 and 600,000 by analyzing the economic benefits of agglomeration and the costs of congestion and overconcentration. This range likely represents a balance between the advantages of having a larger population and the disadvantages of overcrowding and excessive congestion. Cities within this size range are expected to experience sufficient economic benefits from agglomeration while still maintaining manageable levels of congestion and avoiding the negative effects of overconcentration.

Under RA7916 Sec. 10, a foreigner who can be granted permanent resident status within a Philippine ecozone, together with spouse and children below 21 years of age, must make a minimum investment of US$ 150,000. This investment allows them the freedom of ingress and egress to and from the Ecozone without any need for special authorization from the Bureau of Immigration.

The NAMRIA base map is least useful at the needed scale of 1:1,000 because it is a general map that provides basic information about the area, such as roads, landmarks, and boundaries. However, for a site plan of a mixed-use project, more specific and detailed information is required, such as property boundaries and ownership (provided by the LRA parcel map), utility infrastructure (provided by the utilities map from LGU Engineer), and geological information (provided by the Phivolcs geologic map). The NAMRIA base map does not provide this level of detail and specificity, making it the least useful for the given purpose.

Sub-terranean drilling to interconnect deep-wells is not a method that conserves freshwater through bio-engineering. The other methods mentioned - partially grassed waterways, mini-dams and dikes, small water impounding projects, and rainwater harvesting through man-made ponds and small farm reservoirs - all involve using natural or man-made structures to manage and store water, reducing the reliance on freshwater sources. However, sub-terranean drilling to interconnect deep-wells does not fall under the category of bio-engineering or involve any conservation methods.

The correct answer is Inverse Concentric. This answer is supported by the statement that "Social status declines with increasing distance from the center of the city." The Inverse Concentric model suggests that the highest social status is found in the central areas of the city, with a decline in social status as one moves further away from the center. This contradicts the original land use models from the Chicago school of human ecology, which proposed concentric zones with lower-income areas located closer to the center of the city.

During the administration of Ferdinand E. Marcos, the twin strategy of 'concentrated decentralization' and 'industrial dispersal' was implemented in the Philippines. This strategy aimed to address the issues of urban primacy and inter-regional divergence. Concentrated decentralization involved the transfer of power and resources from the central government to local governments, allowing them to have more control over their own development. Industrial dispersal, on the other hand, aimed to promote the establishment of industries in regions outside of the capital city, Manila, in order to reduce regional disparities and promote balanced economic growth.

The statement suggests that as a city becomes more economically complex, it also becomes more socially complex. This means that there will be a greater variety of high growth points within the city, as well as a tendency for residents to segregate themselves into enclaves based on economic level, social status, or ethnicity. The Multiple Nuclei model of urban development aligns with this explanation, as it proposes that cities are composed of multiple centers of activity that develop independently and interact with each other. This model recognizes the diversity and differentiation within cities, which is consistent with the idea of economic and social complexity described in the statement.

The theory of comparative advantage suggests that a firm should locate its operations in a country or region where it can produce goods or services at a lower opportunity cost compared to other locations. In this case, the watch company decides to stay in Switzerland because it has a secure market niche and a proven track record in producing high-quality Rolex timepieces. This implies that Switzerland has a comparative advantage in watch production, making it the best choice for the company to maximize its efficiency and profitability.

The given explanation suggests that the correct answer is the Behavioral Theory of Location. This theory states that cognitive processes, such as perception, intuition, values, and attitudes, influence locational behavior. These cognitive processes can lead to imperfect decisions, where industrial locators may not necessarily aim for the best possible setup to maximize profit, but instead be content with sub-optimal, good-enough, but adequate decisions. This theory emphasizes the role of human behavior and decision-making in determining locational choices.

The correct answer is a map showing roads, hospitals, food warehouses, utility trunks for power, water, and communication. This map would display the critical facilities of a city/town, as it includes essential infrastructure and services that are necessary for the functioning and well-being of the population. These facilities are crucial during emergencies or disasters, as they provide essential services and support to the community.

A decision map is a type of map that helps in making decisions by providing information about specific factors or variables. In this case, the options given are different types of maps. A physical constraints map, geohazard map, and land suitability map are all examples of decision maps as they provide information about physical constraints, hazards, and land suitability respectively. However, a natural drainage map (rivers and streams) does not fall under the category of a decision map as it primarily focuses on the natural flow of water bodies rather than aiding in decision-making processes.

Oregon was the first state to implement a State-wide land use plan in 1973. This plan included the establishment of Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs) which aimed to separate urban and rural areas. The purpose of these boundaries was to limit growth within serviced areas and preserve rural farmland. This plan was intended to be effective for a period of 20 years. Therefore, Oregon is the correct answer.

Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) is the correct answer because it incorporates a market mechanism to mitigate financial burdens imposed on property by local law. TDR allows property owners to transfer their development rights from one property to another, typically from a property with development restrictions to one with more lenient regulations. This transfer is often done through a market-based system where developers can purchase these rights from property owners, providing compensation for the restrictions placed on their property. TDR helps to balance the needs of development and conservation while also providing financial relief to property owners.

The earliest regional planning models in the USA in 1933 revolved around specific areas such as the Tennessee Valley, Dallas Plain, Columbia River Basin, Colorado River, St Lawrence Seaway, Delaware River, and Chesapeake Bay watershed. These areas are considered natural regions because they are defined by their geographical features, such as rivers, deltas, and watersheds. The planning models likely focused on utilizing and managing the natural resources and landscapes of these regions for economic and environmental purposes.

The given answer suggests that in the urban land use models of the Chicago school of human ecology, lower-classes who are unable to create employment opportunities for themselves are forced to occupy high-priced land in the inner core of cities. This creates a paradox or "spatial mismatch" as these lower-class individuals are unable to afford the expensive land and lack access to employment opportunities. This explanation highlights the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities in urban areas, leading to social and economic disparities.

The formula of George Zipf does not match the reality on the ground based on the 2007 Official Census of the National Statistics Office.

The explanation for the correct answer, Urban Ratchet Theory, is that according to Wilbur Richard Thompson, once a city reaches a resident population of 250,000, it attains L1 permanence. This means that even though certain sections of the city may suffer decay and decline, the city as a whole will survive due to its sheer size and strength of tertiary economy, inherent capacity to diversify, and its political weight compared to other settlements. The Urban Ratchet Theory suggests that once a city reaches a certain population threshold, it becomes self-sustaining and resilient, able to withstand challenges and continue to grow.

The concern of regional planning that pertains to institutional capacitation of focal governments and the appropriate distribution of authority among them is federalism and decentralization of development. This means that the planning process aims to empower local governments and distribute decision-making authority among them, allowing for more effective and efficient governance at the regional level. This approach helps to ensure that decision-making is closer to the communities and allows for better coordination and implementation of regional development initiatives.

The correct answer is "Situation." Central Place Theory may have some flaws in its assumptions about topography, terrain, travel, and resources, but its main strength lies in the concept of "situation." Situation refers to the locational advantages of one place in relation to another. It considers factors such as proximity to transportation routes, access to markets, availability of resources, and competition from other places. By analyzing the situation of a place, Central Place Theory helps understand its competitive advantage and its role in the regional or global economy.

According to the definition from the US Department of Agriculture and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, 'Land Capability' refers to the broad inherent capacity of land to perform at a given level for general use. On the other hand, 'Land Suitability' refers to the adaptability of a given land for a specific kind of land use, usually farm crops. This means that 'Land Capability' focuses on the overall capacity of the land, while 'Land Suitability' considers the specific suitability of the land for a particular use, such as farming.

Under RA 9174, the jurisdiction over all declared aquatic critical habitats, aquatic resources, and marine mammals, excluding the dugong, belongs to the Department of Agriculture. This includes protected coral reefs, fish sanctuaries, and marine reserves. The Department of Agriculture is responsible for the conservation and protection of these resources, ensuring their sustainable use and management.

Dr Michael Porter is the correct answer because the statement reflects his perspective on competitive advantage. Porter is known for his work on competitive strategy and the concept of competitive advantage. He argues that for a firm to have a competitive edge, it must focus on unique and localized factors such as strategy, know-how, relationships, and motivation, rather than relying on things that are available to rivals elsewhere. This aligns with the given statement, making Dr Michael Porter the most suitable answer.

The advancements in transportation and communication technologies have made it possible for information-based production to be carried out from anywhere, regardless of distance from the city center. This has led to the development of edge cities, office parks, and techno-poles in various parts of a complex mother city. These new developments are able to take advantage of the improved connectivity and accessibility provided by the transportation and communication technologies. They offer a more decentralized and distributed form of economic activity, allowing for greater flexibility and efficiency in the production of information-based goods and services.

The correct answer is "Rational Nexus" because the Supreme Court ruled that land use restrictions must be directly connected to a specific public purpose. This means that there must be a logical and reasonable connection between the restriction imposed on the property owner and the intended public benefit. In the case of Nollan versus California Coastal Commission, the requirement to dedicate a public sidewalk easement as a building permit condition was deemed to have a rational nexus to the public purpose of ensuring public access to the beachfront property.

The US Supreme Court declared "takings" by the government as illegal when a regulation is merely intended to prevent a nuisance and remove discomfort caused to the public. This means that if a regulation is put in place to address a public nuisance or to alleviate discomfort for the public, it cannot be considered a violation of the Constitutional precept that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. In these cases, the government is acting within its rights to regulate private property for the greater good of the community.

The correct answer is 650,000. According to Zipf's Rank-Size Rule, the population of a city is equal to the population of the largest city divided by its rank in the hierarchy. Since Davao City is ranked number 2, its population can be calculated by dividing the population of the largest city (2.6 million) by 2. Therefore, the population of Davao City should be 650,000.

In Peirce Lewis' revision of the Ernest Burgess' monocentric model of urban land use, the least effective description of the spatial decline of concentric cities is when the government becomes captive to pressure groups due to being surrounded by the poor in the historic center. This answer does not align with the concept of spatial decline in the model, which focuses on factors such as pollution, congestion, hollowing-out of the core resulting in a "donut shape," and falling land values in inner-city areas experiencing blight and decay.