The Hematopoietic And Lymphoid Systems: Quiz!

This statement is true because anemias of diminished erythropoiesis can indeed be caused by bone marrow failure or replacement by tumor or inflammatory cells. Bone marrow failure can occur due to various reasons such as genetic disorders, radiation or chemotherapy, or certain medications. Additionally, tumors or inflammatory cells can infiltrate the bone marrow, leading to a decrease in the production of red blood cells and resulting in anemia.

Both folate deficiency and Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to macrocytic anemia, which is characterized by the presence of larger than normal red blood cells. This condition occurs when there is a disruption in the production of red blood cells, leading to fewer and larger cells being produced. Folate and Vitamin B12 are both essential for the production of red blood cells, and a deficiency in either nutrient can result in macrocytic anemia. Therefore, the statement is true.

Glucose content is not a component of a complete blood count (CBC). A CBC typically includes the measurement of white blood cells (WBC), platelets, hemoglobin, and indices of red blood cells. Glucose content is not directly related to the composition of blood and is typically measured separately in a blood glucose test.

Acute leukemia is indeed a malignancy of the hematopoietic progenitor cells. In this condition, these cells lose their ability to mature and differentiate as they normally would. Instead, they proliferate in an uncontrolled manner and replace the normal bone marrow. This leads to an overproduction of immature white blood cells, which can be seen in the blood and bone marrow of individuals with acute leukemia. Therefore, the statement "Acute leukemia is a malignancy of the hematopoietic progenitor cells, cells lose their ability to mature and differentiate, proliferate in an uncontrolled manner and replace normal bone marrow" is true.

Both exhibit fatigue and bleeding

All of the above are causes of anemia. Diminished erythropoiesis refers to a decrease in the production of red blood cells, which can lead to anemia. Hemolysis refers to the destruction of red blood cells, which can also result in anemia. Hemorrhage, or excessive bleeding, can cause a significant loss of red blood cells and lead to anemia as well. Therefore, all three options listed (A, B, and C) are valid causes of anemia.

Option C: Refers to Vitamin B12 deficiency - pernicious anemia

HbA is not protective against malaria. Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which infects and destroys red blood cells. This leads to symptoms such as chills and fever. Malaria is endemic in Asia and Africa, and the malarial parasite is released approximately every 48 hours as part of its life cycle. However, HbA, which is the normal adult hemoglobin, does not provide any protection against malaria.

A high reticulocyte count indicates that the anemia is not due to a production issue. Low reticulocytosis points to a possible defect in the bone marrow.

The lab findings that correspond to Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) are a white blood cell count (WBC) greater than 100,000 and platelets less than 100,000. This combination of elevated WBC and low platelet count is commonly seen in ALL, which is a type of cancer that affects the white blood cells. The high WBC count is due to the overproduction of immature lymphocytes, while the low platelet count is a result of the bone marrow being crowded with cancerous cells, leading to a decrease in platelet production.

Pleural diseases of the liver do not cause hemorrhagic diatheses.

Treatment for sickle cell anemia includes: oxygen, IV fluids, antibiotics, and pain management

Thalassemia = is microcytic and hypochromic due to the precipitation of Hb; has two forms major and minor

Sickling occurs with slow blood flow: areas of inflammation, infection and dehydration. Blood flow is slow in the spleen and bone marrow.

Intravascular hemolytic anemias are characterized by the destruction of red blood cells within the blood vessels. The correct answer, option C, states that intravascular hemolytic anemias may be caused due to mechanical trauma, biochemical/physical agents. This means that factors such as physical injury or exposure to certain chemicals or substances can lead to the destruction of red blood cells within the blood vessels. Options A and B are incorrect because they do not pertain specifically to intravascular hemolytic anemias.

Additional facts about anemias of diminished erythropoiesis - clinical symptoms include weakness, listlessness, pallor, and pica.

Option B refers to Chronic Hemorrhage

In aplastic anemia -multipotent myeloid stem cells are suppressed, marrow failure and pancytopenia. 50% of cases the cause is idiopathic

The correct answer is B and C only. Increased vessel fragility and derangements of clotting mechanisms are both causes for bleeding disorders. Deficiencies of platelets, on the other hand, are not a cause for bleeding disorders.

The correct answer is "NONE of the above." This means that all of the options listed (A, B, C, and D) are causes for malabsorption in pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of intrinsic factor, which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. Gastrectomy, diseases involving the distal ileum, and resection of the ileum can all lead to malabsorption of vitamin B12. Additionally, the autoimmune reaction against intrinsic factor can also cause malabsorption. Therefore, none of the options listed are excluded as causes for malabsorption in pernicious anemia.

Option B = Hemostatic disorders result in hemorrhagic diathesis, e.g. bleeding orders

Steroid use also increases vessel fragility

There are two types of polycythemia: Relative and Absolute. Absolute polycythemia can be further divided into primary and secondary

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas arise anywhere in the body where there is lymphatic tissue, while Hodgkin lymphoma typically originates in the lymph nodes. Therefore, statement A applies to Non-Hodgkin lymphomas instead of Hodgkin lymphoma.

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) is characterized by a rapid onset, with a sudden increase in lymphocyte count and the presence of very immature malignant cells. On the other hand, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) has a slow onset and is often discovered during routine blood exams, as it progresses slowly over time.

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is diagnosed through the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. This chromosome is a genetic abnormality that is found in the cancer cells of individuals with CML. The treatment for CML often involves a bone marrow transplant. This procedure replaces the diseased bone marrow with healthy bone marrow from a donor, which can help to eliminate the cancer cells and restore normal blood cell production.

Hematocrit levels for sickle cell anemia is 18-30% Pain can occur in many areas but bone is MOST common