The Height Of Imperialism 1890-1914 21-2 14

Annex means to incorporate a country within another state. It refers to the act of adding or incorporating a territory or region into an existing state or country. This can be done through various means such as political agreements, conquest, or treaties. The annexation of a country usually involves the transfer of sovereignty and the extension of the governing authority of the annexing state over the annexed territory. The concept of annexation has been historically used by many nations to expand their territories and exert control over new regions.

David Livingstone was a medical missionary and explorer in Africa. He dedicated his life to exploring the continent and spreading Christianity. He played a significant role in mapping out uncharted territories and discovering new geographical features. Livingstone's expeditions and writings brought attention to the horrors of the African slave trade, leading to increased international efforts to abolish it. His work and dedication made him one of the most famous and influential explorers of the 19th century.

Afrikaners refers to the Dutch settlers in South Africa who eventually became a distinct ethnic group. They are descendants of the Dutch, German, and French Huguenot settlers who arrived in the Cape Colony in the 17th century. The term "Afrikaners" is often used to describe the white, predominantly Dutch-speaking population of South Africa, who played a significant role in the country's history, including the establishment of apartheid. They have had a lasting impact on the cultural, political, and social landscape of South Africa.

Muhammad Ali was a nineteenth-century Egyptian ruler who is known for his modernization efforts in Egypt. He implemented various reforms in the military, education, and economy, aiming to strengthen Egypt's position on the international stage. One of his significant achievements was the annexation of Sudan, which expanded Egypt's territory. Although he is not directly associated with the construction of the Suez Canal, his reign laid the foundation for its eventual construction. Therefore, Muhammad Ali is the correct answer in this context.

By 1900, several European powers had established colonies in West Africa, including Britain, Germany, and France. However, the United States did not have any colonies in West Africa by that time. While the United States did have some influence and involvement in Africa, particularly in Liberia, it did not possess any formal colonies in the region. Therefore, the correct answer is the United States.

By 1914, most of Africa had been colonized by European powers, leaving only two independent states: Liberia and Ethiopia. Liberia, founded by freed American slaves, had managed to maintain its independence since its establishment in 1847. Ethiopia, on the other hand, had successfully resisted European colonization attempts and remained the only African country to maintain its sovereignty throughout the Scramble for Africa. Therefore, the correct answer is Liberia and Ethiopia.

The Suez Canal is referred to as the "lifeline to India" because it provided a direct and shorter route for ships traveling between Europe and Asia, particularly India. Before the canal was constructed, ships had to navigate around the Cape of Good Hope, which was a much longer and more treacherous journey. The Suez Canal revolutionized global trade and significantly reduced travel time and costs for ships, making it a vital and strategic waterway for international commerce.

After its defeat in Ethiopia in 1869, Britain took an active interest in Egypt. This is because the defeat in Ethiopia weakened Britain's influence in the region, and they saw Egypt as a strategic location to maintain control over the Suez Canal, which was vital for their imperial interests in India and the Far East. Taking an active interest in Egypt allowed Britain to exert its influence and ensure the security of the canal, which was crucial for their economic and military dominance in the region.

Leopold II of Belgium was the real driving force behind colonization of Central Africa in the late nineteenth century. He was responsible for establishing the Congo Free State, which was his personal colony and was exploited for its resources, particularly rubber. Leopold II's colonization efforts were driven by his desire for wealth and power, and he employed brutal and exploitative methods to achieve his goals. This colonization had a devastating impact on the indigenous population of Central Africa, leading to widespread suffering and loss of life.

After its defeat in Ethiopia in 1896, Italy seized Tripoli. This suggests that Italy did not abandon its interest in colonialism but instead continued to pursue territorial expansion. The seizure of Tripoli indicates Italy's desire to establish a colonial presence in North Africa, furthering its imperial ambitions.