Chapter 4: American Life In The Seventeenth Century

they contractually worked in exchange for passage

Landless whites refers to individuals who were once indentured servants. Indentured servitude was a labor system in which individuals would work for a specific period of time in exchange for passage to America or other benefits. Once their indenture was completed, these individuals often found themselves without land or property, hence the term "landless." They were not shopkeepers or government officials, lawyers, or doctors, but rather individuals who had served a period of indenture and were now without land or property.

During the time of slavery, slaves and their children were indeed designated as property for life. This meant that they were considered the legal possessions of their owners and had no rights or autonomy. Slavery was a system that dehumanized and exploited individuals, treating them as objects to be bought, sold, and owned. Slaves and their offspring were seen as property that could be inherited, traded, or treated however their owners saw fit. This practice was prevalent in many societies throughout history and had devastating consequences for the enslaved individuals and their families.

The Chesapeake Region was indeed excellent for tobacco cultivation. The area had fertile soil and a favorable climate, which were ideal conditions for growing tobacco. The region's economy heavily relied on tobacco production, and it became a major cash crop for the colonists. The success of tobacco cultivation in the Chesapeake Region played a crucial role in the development of the American colonies and their trade relationships with Europe.

Bacon's Rebellion was a rebellion in which landless former indentured servants in Virginia revolted against the government. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon, a young planter. The rebellion was a result of grievances against the government's policies, including their failure to protect settlers from Native American attacks. The rebels demanded a more aggressive approach towards Native Americans and greater political representation. Although the rebellion was ultimately suppressed, it highlighted the tensions between the wealthy elite and the lower classes in colonial Virginia.

The correct answer is AKA the first families of VA, wealthy extended clans that dominated politics in the colony. This explanation suggests that the FFV's refer to the first families of Virginia, who were wealthy extended clans that held significant power and influence in the political landscape of the colony.

The purchaser of a voyage in the Chesapeake region was granted 50 acres of land.

The halfway covenant was a religious practice in colonial New England that allowed partial membership in the church to individuals who had not experienced a full conversion. This meant that they could participate in certain church activities and have their children baptized, but they were not considered full members of the church. This practice was introduced to encourage more people to join the church and maintain its influence in society.

Nathaniel Bacon and his followers were upset over the government of VA because of the governor's friendly relations with the Indians. This suggests that they believed the governor's actions were compromising the safety and interests of the settlers. They may have felt that the governor's friendly approach towards the Indians was endangering their lives and their land. This could have led to a sense of betrayal and frustration among Bacon and his followers, prompting them to rebel against the government.

Gullah is the correct answer because it refers to the African-American dialect that blended English with other African languages. Gullah developed among African slaves in the coastal regions of South Carolina and Georgia, particularly on the Sea Islands. It incorporates elements of various West African languages, such as Yoruba and Ibo, as well as English. The Gullah language and culture have been preserved by the Gullah people and continue to be an important part of African-American heritage.

Jeremiad refers to a type of preaching where preachers scold their parishioners. It is a form of sermon that originated in the 17th century, named after the biblical prophet Jeremiah who was known for his warnings and rebukes. Jeremiads were often characterized by a tone of moral indignation, emphasizing the sins and shortcomings of the congregation and calling for repentance and reform. This style of preaching was commonly used to criticize societal issues and promote moral righteousness among the people.

The diseases that took 10 years off the life expectancy of newcomers in the Chesapeake were dysentery, malaria, and typhoid. These diseases were prevalent in the region and had a severe impact on the health and mortality rates of the population. People who contracted these diseases often faced significant health complications and a reduced life expectancy.

During Bacon's Rebellion, 20 rebels were executed by hanging. This method of execution involves suspending a person by the neck with a rope, causing death by asphyxiation. Hanging was a common form of punishment during this time, and it was used to deter others from participating in rebellious activities. The rebels were likely hanged publicly as a warning to others who may have been considering joining the rebellion.

The VA assembly disenfranchised them.

In the Southern society, the order of social class is determined by the occupations and wealth of individuals. The merchant planters, who were wealthy landowners and businesspeople, held the highest social status. They were followed by small farmers, who owned their own land but had less wealth and influence. Landless whites, who did not own land and often worked as laborers, were next in the social hierarchy. Indentured servants, who were contracted to work for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America, occupied a lower social class. Finally, slaves, who were considered property and had no rights or freedom, were at the bottom of the social order.

The correct answer is shipbuilding, fishing, trading. New England's economy was centered around these industries because of its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. Shipbuilding was a major industry, as New England produced many ships for trade and fishing. Fishing was also a significant part of the economy, with New England's coastal waters providing abundant fish stocks. Trading was another key economic activity, as New England had access to various goods and resources from both domestic and international markets. This combination of shipbuilding, fishing, and trading formed the foundation of New England's economy.

The Royal African Company is the correct answer because it was the company that lost its monopoly on the slave trade. This loss of monopoly allowed ambitious colonials to begin trading in slaves. The Virginia Company and the Massachusetts Bay Company were not specifically involved in the slave trade and therefore are not the correct answers.

William Berkeley did not want to seek revenge against the Indians because they had a fur trading relationship that he did not want to risk losing.

The given statement is true. Bacon's Rebellion was a significant slave rebellion that took place in colonial Virginia in 1676. Led by Nathaniel Bacon, the rebellion was a response to the colonial government's failure to address the grievances of the frontiersmen. The rebellion resulted in the burning of Jamestown, the capital of Virginia at the time, and caused significant destruction and loss of life. No other slave rebellion in American history has matched the level of destruction and impact caused by Bacon's Rebellion.

The Salem witch trials ended when the governor's wife was accused. This accusation brought the hysteria and fear surrounding the trials closer to the government, causing doubt and skepticism among the people. As a result, the trials lost credibility and public support, leading to their eventual end.

The enclosure movement refers to a historical period in England when large landowners enclosed their land, preventing small farmers from accessing and using it. This led to the displacement of many small farmers who lost their jobs and livelihoods as a result. The enclosure movement was a significant shift in land ownership and agricultural practices during the 18th and 19th centuries in England.

The New England families migrated as colonies, meaning they traveled together in groups rather than individually. This was a common practice during the colonization period, as it provided safety, support, and a sense of community for the settlers. By migrating as colonies, the families could establish settlements and build a new society together, sharing resources and working collectively towards their goals. This approach also allowed for better organization and coordination in terms of logistics and decision-making.

The survivors of the Middle Passage were auctioned off. This means that they were sold to the highest bidder, typically to plantation owners or other individuals who needed labor. This practice was common during the transatlantic slave trade, where enslaved Africans were forcibly transported across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. The survivors would be sold as property and forced to work on plantations, mines, or in households, enduring harsh conditions and exploitation.

In New England, houses were indeed surrounded by a town center. This is because the town center was the heart of the community, where important buildings such as the church, town hall, and marketplace were located. Houses were typically built close to the town center to ensure easy access to these facilities and promote social interaction among the residents. This setup fostered a sense of community and allowed for efficient governance and commerce within the town.

During the Middle Passage, which was the transatlantic journey of enslaved Africans to the colonies, it is estimated that approximately 20% of slaves did not survive the voyage and reach the shores. This was due to the harsh conditions on board the slave ships, including overcrowding, disease, and malnutrition. The high mortality rate during the Middle Passage was a tragic consequence of the brutal slave trade.

The answer explains that the New England region grew out of the head right system and plantations, indicating that it had a different economic structure compared to the Chesapeake region. On the other hand, the Chesapeake region was described as having more of a tobacco economy. This suggests that the two regions had different primary industries and economic focuses.

women were.

The women early settlers were engaged in various activities in their region. They were involved in weaving, which suggests that they were skilled in creating textiles and fabrics. Additionally, they were responsible for cooking, indicating that they played a vital role in preparing meals for their families and communities. Lastly, they were involved in raising children, highlighting their role in nurturing and caring for the younger generation.

In the 17th century, America was more comfortable than Europe due to two main factors. Firstly, land was cheap in America, making it easier for people to acquire and own property. This allowed for greater economic opportunities and social mobility. Secondly, many of the immigrants who came to America during this time were from the middle class of Europe. These individuals brought with them skills, knowledge, and resources that contributed to the development and prosperity of the American colonies.

The average life expectancy in New England was 70. This means that on average, people in New England were expected to live up to the age of 70.

The correct answer is 7. This suggests that the duration of the marriage was approximately 7 years.

small farmers were

The population in the Chesapeake region grew steadily in the 18th century due to immunities. This suggests that the people living in the area had developed immunity to diseases that were prevalent at the time. As a result, they were able to survive and reproduce, leading to a growing population. This immunity may have been developed over time through exposure to diseases or through genetic factors. The presence of immunities allowed the population to thrive and contribute to the steady growth in the region.

During the time period in question, the Chesapeake region had a low life expectancy for husbands. This means that women did not need to give up their property at the time of marriage because their husbands were not expected to live long enough to inherit it. Therefore, women were able to retain ownership of their property even after getting married.

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they could, unlike old England women.

The Chesapeake region had less demanding crops and the plantations were in closer proximity to each other allowing for contact amongst the slaves from other plantations.

Women in New England did not have property rights after marriage, except in the case of widowhood. This means that upon marriage, women would typically lose their right to own and control property, as it would be transferred to their husbands. However, if a woman became a widow, she would regain control over her late husband's property. This limited exception allowed widows to have some property rights, but overall, women in New England did not have extensive property rights after marriage.

As a result of Bacon's rebellion, Governor Berkley was indeed expelled from town. Bacon's rebellion was a popular uprising in colonial Virginia in 1676, led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkley. The rebellion was fueled by grievances against Berkley's policies, particularly his refusal to protect settlers from Native American attacks. Bacon and his followers successfully took control of Jamestown and forced Berkley to flee. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately reflects the outcome of Bacon's rebellion.

In New England, towns were planned out by proprietors. Proprietors were individuals or groups who owned large tracts of land and were responsible for organizing and overseeing the development of towns. They would divide the land into lots, allocate them to settlers, and establish the layout and infrastructure of the town. The proprietors played a crucial role in shaping the early settlements in New England by determining the location, design, and governance of the towns.

Most of the colonial slave traders came from Rhode Island. Rhode Island was heavily involved in the slave trade during the colonial period, with numerous ships being sent to Africa to acquire enslaved people. The state's economy was heavily dependent on the slave trade, and many wealthy Rhode Island families made significant profits from this inhumane practice. Therefore, it can be inferred that Rhode Island was a major hub for colonial slave traders.

During the Salem witch trials, it was the farmers who accused the elite merchants of being witches. This was a significant deviation from the traditional power dynamics, as typically the elite merchants held more influence and authority. The accusation of the merchants by the farmers suggests a shift in social dynamics and a potential desire for power and control.

The correct answer is Stono Rebellion. The Stono Rebellion was a slave rebellion that took place in South Carolina in 1739. Slaves from the Stono River area attempted to escape to Spanish Florida, but a local militia intercepted and suppressed the rebellion. This uprising was one of the largest and most significant slave rebellions in colonial America, leading to stricter slave codes and restrictions on enslaved people's rights and freedoms.

During the 1680s, the population of indentured servants decreased in the colonies due to rising wages in England. As wages increased in England, fewer individuals were willing to become indentured servants and endure the hardships of servitude in the colonies. This led to a decline in the number of people seeking indentured servitude as a means to immigrate to the colonies, resulting in a decrease in the population of indentured servants during this period.

The establishment of Harvard and the requirement of fifty or more families in a town to have a school indicate that New England valued education. The establishment of Harvard shows that there was a significant investment in higher education, suggesting a commitment to fostering intellectual growth and knowledge. Additionally, the requirement of having a school in towns with fifty or more families demonstrates the importance placed on providing education to the community, further highlighting the value placed on education in New England.

Colonial slavery originated in the Caribbean. The Caribbean was one of the primary destinations for European colonizers who established plantations and used enslaved Africans for labor. The region had favorable conditions for growing cash crops such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton, which required a large workforce. The demand for labor led to the importation of enslaved Africans from West Africa to the Caribbean, where they were forced into brutal conditions and subjected to harsh treatment. The Caribbean became a hub for the transatlantic slave trade and played a significant role in the development and perpetuation of colonial slavery.

The correct answer is expanding farms. As farms expanded in the Chesapeake region, the settlers encroached on Indian lands, leading to conflicts and attacks by the Indians. The increasing demand for land and resources by the settlers resulted in tension and clashes between the two groups. The expansion of farms disrupted the traditional way of life for the Native Americans, leading to resistance and aggression.

The statement "Men outnumbered women" is false. This means that there are more women than men.

The early settlers were engaged in clearing land and cropping. Clearing land refers to the process of removing trees, rocks, and other obstacles to prepare the land for cultivation. This was necessary as the settlers needed to create space for their crops and establish farms. Cropping refers to the act of growing and harvesting crops, which was the main occupation of the early settlers. By clearing the land, they were able to create fertile fields and cultivate various crops for sustenance and trade.