Hardware And Software Engineering

RAM stands for random access memory. It is a type of computer memory that allows data to be stored and retrieved in any order, rather than just sequentially. This means that data can be accessed quickly and randomly, which is essential for the smooth functioning of a computer system. RAM is volatile memory, meaning that it requires power to retain data. It is used to store data that is actively being used by the computer's operating system, applications, and processes.

The correct answer explains that the difference between dual layer ROMs and DVD/CD ROMs is that dual layer ROMs have a very high speed and cannot be accessed with normal ROMs. This suggests that dual layer ROMs offer faster data transfer rates compared to regular DVD/CD ROMs.

The correct answer is control panel because the Add/Remove programs feature in Windows 98 is accessed through the control panel. This feature allows users to uninstall or modify installed programs on their computer. By clicking on the Add/Remove programs icon in the control panel, users can view a list of installed programs and choose to remove or modify them as needed.

The minimum RAM requirement for installing Windows XP is 64 MB. This means that in order to successfully install and run Windows XP on a computer, it must have at least 64 megabytes of RAM. Having less than this amount of RAM may result in poor performance or the inability to run the operating system at all.

When a drive is partitioned, the first partition created is called the primary partition. This partition is typically used to install the operating system and contains the necessary files for booting up the computer. Additional partitions can be created, such as extended partitions or secondary partitions, but the primary partition is always the first one created.

Windows Ultimate and above is the correct answer because Office 2010 is a software suite developed by Microsoft, and it is designed to be installed on Windows operating systems. Windows Ultimate is a higher edition of Windows, and it includes all the features and capabilities of lower editions such as Windows XP and Windows Server. Therefore, Windows Ultimate and above would be the appropriate operating systems to install Office 2010.

The correct answer is 500MHZ or above. This means that in order to install Office 2007, the computer's processor speed should be 500MHZ or higher. This requirement ensures that the computer has enough processing power to run the software smoothly and efficiently.

The 8-bit bus does not require a software configuration program to configure its settings because it is a simple and basic bus architecture that does not have complex settings or configurations. Unlike the other options, such as PCI, PCMCIA, and MCA, which are more advanced bus architectures and require software configuration programs to customize their settings for optimal performance.

A computer virus is a small program that is designed to replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. It is typically created with malicious intent, such as stealing personal information or causing damage to computer systems. Computer viruses can be transmitted through various means, such as email attachments, infected websites, or file downloads. Once a computer is infected, the virus can perform a variety of actions, such as corrupting files, slowing down the system, or even taking control of the computer. Therefore, the correct answer is "a small programme".

The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is the most important component of a computer. It is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations, making it the "brain" of the computer. Without a CPU, a computer would not be able to function or carry out any tasks. The hard drive, system board, and peripheral ports are also important components, but they all rely on the CPU to carry out their functions.

A parallel connector is not typically associated with mice. Mice usually use either a serial connector, a bus mouse interface, or a PS/2 mouse interface to connect to a computer. A parallel connector is commonly used for connecting printers and other parallel devices.

The correct answer is i/o addresses. The CPU uses the i/o addresses bus signal line to send a request to the device to send data. This bus signal line is specifically designed for input/output operations and allows the CPU to communicate with peripheral devices by sending commands and data.

The correct answer is "all the above" because serial, parallel, and USB are all examples of peripheral connection methods. Serial is a type of connection that transfers data one bit at a time, while parallel transfers multiple bits simultaneously. USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a widely used connection method that allows for the connection of various peripheral devices such as keyboards, mice, printers, and external storage devices to a computer. Therefore, all three options mentioned in the question are valid examples of peripheral connection methods.

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ESD stands for electrostatic discharge. Electrostatic discharge refers to the sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects caused by contact, an electrical short, or a breakdown in a dielectric. This discharge can result in damage to electronic components, which is why ESD precautions are necessary in industries that handle sensitive electronic devices.

The correct answer is jumpers and dip switches. Jumpers and dip switches are two common methods used to configure interrupts for devices on a motherboard. Jumpers are small connectors that can be manually set or removed to enable or disable specific interrupts. Dip switches are small switches that can be toggled on or off to configure interrupts. Both of these methods allow for manual configuration of interrupts, providing flexibility and control over device settings on the motherboard.

The information that is not stored in a computer CMOS chip is the printer configuration. CMOS chips are responsible for storing important system settings and data, such as hard drive configuration, memory information, and date and time. However, printer configuration settings are typically stored in separate memory or software settings specific to the printer device.

A DIP (Dual In-line Package) is a type of IC package that has two rows of pins, with one row on each side of the package. This package is commonly used for integrated circuits and provides a convenient way to connect the IC to a circuit board. The pins are arranged in a straight line, making it easy to insert and remove the IC from a socket. This type of package is widely used in electronic devices and is known for its simplicity and ease of use.

MSCDEX.EXE is the correct answer because it is the file needed to enable CD ROM support under MS DOS. MSCDEX.EXE is a device driver that allows MS DOS to recognize and access CD ROM drives. It is typically loaded in the CONFIG.SYS file during the boot process to enable CD ROM functionality.

The maximum resolution supported by the VGA standard is 640*480.

The original IDE specification supported a disk capacity of 528 mb.

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) is a computer bus that allows communication between devices connected to the motherboard. The bus width refers to the number of bits that can be transferred simultaneously. In the case of PCI, it has a bus width of 32 bits, meaning that it can transfer 32 bits of data in parallel between devices. This allows for faster and more efficient data transfer compared to narrower bus widths like 16, 8, or 128 bits.

Windows 9x and Windows 2000 are both examples of operating systems that fall under the category of 32-bit operating systems. This means that they are designed to work with processors that have a 32-bit architecture. 32-bit operating systems can support up to 4GB of RAM and are capable of running 32-bit applications. They are commonly used in older computer systems and have been largely replaced by 64-bit operating systems in more recent years.

Symantec is the correct answer because it is a well-known company that is most readily associated with anti-virus software. They are known for their Norton AntiVirus product, which has been widely used for many years to protect computers from malware and other security threats. Microsoft, Macintosh, and Novell are not primarily known for their anti-virus software, making Symantec the most appropriate choice.

MS-DOS-1 is the original version of MS-DOS. MS-DOS, which stands for Microsoft Disk Operating System, was developed by Microsoft and released in 1981. It was the first operating system for IBM-compatible personal computers. MS-DOS-1 provided a command-line interface and allowed users to interact with the computer through typed commands. It laid the foundation for subsequent versions of MS-DOS and was the starting point for the widespread use of Microsoft operating systems.

A serial connection is characterized by transferring data one bit at a time, which means the transfer rate is one data bit at a time. The maximum speed of a serial connection is typically 128kbps. Additionally, serial connections are popular but can be expensive to manufacture. Therefore, all of the given options are characteristics of a serial connection.

IEEE 1294 is not considered a serial interface because it is actually a parallel interface. Serial interfaces transmit data one bit at a time, while parallel interfaces transmit multiple bits simultaneously. Therefore, IEEE 1294 does not meet the criteria of a serial interface. Firewire, USB, and ECP are all examples of serial interfaces as they transmit data in a sequential manner.

The correct answer is "programs" because this sub menu typically contains the programme groups and icons that users can access and use on their computer. It is where users can find and launch various applications and software installed on their system.

A SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) video card is not a hardware requirement for Windows 2000. While a video card is necessary for displaying graphics on a computer, Windows 2000 does not specifically require an SVGA video card. It can work with a variety of video cards, including older VGA (Video Graphics Array) cards. The other options listed - Pentium 133 processor, 64 MB of RAM, and 2 GB hard drive - are all hardware requirements for Windows 2000.

The correct operating system upgrade is windows 2000-windows xp-vista-windows 7. This is because the order of the operating systems listed in the answer matches the chronological order of their release. Windows 2000 was released before Windows XP, which was then followed by Vista, and finally Windows 7.

The blue screen of death (BSOD) appears as a result of various system errors, such as RAM failure, hard drive failure, or software counterfeit errors. However, it does not occur due to a failure to load the operating system. The BSOD typically indicates a critical system error that causes the operating system to crash, leading to the blue screen display.

The given options include winzip, backup, virus scan, and calculator. All of these options are examples of utility programs except for the calculator. A calculator is not typically considered a utility program as it is a basic tool used for mathematical calculations rather than performing system maintenance or management tasks. Utility programs, on the other hand, are software applications designed to assist in tasks such as file compression (winzip), data backup (backup), and virus detection (virus scan).

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Internal SCSI devices typically use a 50-pin ribbon cable. This type of cable is specifically designed for connecting internal SCSI devices such as hard drives, CD/DVD drives, and tape drives to the SCSI controller or motherboard. The 50-pin ribbon cable provides a wide, parallel connection that allows for high-speed data transfer between the SCSI devices and the controller. It is important to use the correct type of cable for SCSI devices to ensure proper communication and functionality.

The correct answer is "there is no universal way of accessing computer C-MOS." This is because different computer manufacturers may use different keys or key combinations to access the C-MOS settings during startup. There is no one standard key or command that universally applies to all computers.

The serial option offers the slowest transfer speed between a printer and a computer. Serial communication involves sending data one bit at a time over a single communication line, which results in slower transfer speeds compared to other options. Parallel communication, USB, and network connections can transfer data faster as they can send multiple bits simultaneously or have higher data transfer rates.

The term "heads" does not refer to a disk organization. Instead, it is a component of a disk drive that reads and writes data to the disk. Tracks, sectors, and cylinders, on the other hand, are all part of the disk organization. Tracks are concentric circles on the disk surface, sectors are subdivisions of a track, and cylinders are a collection of tracks at the same position on different surfaces of the disk.

Productivity tools are programs that are specifically designed to enhance efficiency and productivity in performing tasks. These tools provide various functionalities and features that help users to streamline their work, manage time effectively, and accomplish tasks more efficiently. They can include software such as word processors, spreadsheets, project management tools, collaboration software, and more. Therefore, productivity tools are the correct answer as they are specifically developed to assist in performing tasks effectively and efficiently.

The maximum bus clock speed of an 8-bit bus refers to the maximum frequency at which data can be transferred between the CPU and other components. In this case, the correct answer is 4.77. This means that the bus can transfer data at a maximum speed of 4.77 MHz (megahertz).

The minimum memory requirement for a system to run Windows 7 operating system is 1 GB. This means that the system should have at least 1 GB of RAM in order to effectively run Windows 7. Having less than 1 GB of RAM may result in slower performance and potential compatibility issues.

The question asks for a specification that is not related to disks. Size and capacity, individual seek time, and spin speed are all specifications that are commonly associated with disks. However, access time to perform read/write requests is not a specification specific to disks. Access time refers to the time it takes for a storage device to locate and retrieve data, and it is not unique to disks as other storage devices such as solid-state drives (SSDs) also have access time. Therefore, access time to perform read/write requests is the correct answer.

The "My Computer" icon displays all the disks installed in your computer, the control panel, and dial-up networking. However, it does not display modems. Modems are devices used for connecting to the internet, and they are not directly related to the "My Computer" feature, which primarily focuses on providing access to storage drives and system settings.

The RIMM (Rambus Inline Memory Module) offers the highest transfer and bandwidth rate compared to the other memory types listed. RIMM is a high-speed memory module that uses a high-speed serial interface to transfer data at a faster rate than traditional memory modules. This makes it ideal for applications that require high-performance and fast data transfer, such as gaming or multimedia editing.

The correct answer is "paddle board" because a paddle board, also known as a disk controller or disk adapter, is a device that converts signals from an IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) to signals that the CPU (Central Processing Unit) can understand. It acts as an interface between the IDE and the CPU, allowing the CPU to communicate with and access data from the IDE devices.