GI-Stomach

1. True or false. Large bezoars are associated with abdominal pain and vomiting.

True

False

2. What is one of the risk factors associated with bezoars?

May cause gastric outlet or intestinal obstruction

There are no risk factors

Hair may start to grow throughout the intestinal lining

Hairballs

3. A 4 week old infant presents to your clinic dehydrated from projectile bile-free vomiting. The mother informs you that the child demands to be fed right after vomiting and is failing to thrive. Upon physical examination you see an "olive like" mass in the right upper quadrant with peristaltic waves across the upper abdomen. What is your diagnosis?

Gastroparesis

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Gastric scintigraphy

Bezoars

4. Which part of the stomach is a muscular sphincter located in the gastroduodenal junction?

Body

Fundus

Antrum

Pylorus

5. True or false. trichobezoars are potentially more complicated than phytobezoars because the phyto type may dissolve after a few days on a liquid diet.

True

False

6. True or false. IHPS affects 3/1000 births, usually first born, and requires a pyloromyotomy to rectify the situation.

True

False

7. True or false. upper GI bleeds account for 20% of chronic GI bleeds in alcoholics.

True

False

8. Which phase of acid secretion includes distention of the antrum by food stimulates release of gastrin that then activates the parietal cell?

Cephalic phase

Gastric phase

Pylorus phase

Geriatric phase

9. Nausea and vomiting are the most common signs & symptoms for stomach problems. What are the differential diagnoses that must be ruled out before solely focusing on the stomach?

Vestibular disorders

CNS disorders

Psychogenic causes

A & B

All of the above

10. Which of the following is a possible etiology of dyspepsia?

Gastr-duodenal ulcer

GERD

Gastritis

Gastric cancer

All of the above

11. True or false. Gastritis can be caused by stress, develping subepithelial hemorrhage within 72 hours of a traumatic event or illness.

True

False

12. Which of the following describes mucous cells?

Secretes gastrin to control acid secretion and gastric motility

Secretes a bicarbonate-rich mucous that coats and lubricates the gastric surface

Synthesizes and secretes pepsinogen (activated by pepsin).

Secretes HCL, IF, activates pepsinogen and expresses receptors for histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine.

13. What is the term associated with inflammation of the gastric mucosa?

Mucitis

Gastroctitis

Gastritis

Dyspepsia

None of the above

14. Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with dyspepsia?

Bloating

Belching

Dizziness

Nausea

Heartburn

15. True or false. Severe, intractable episodes, of vomiting can be treated with oral antiemetics and discharged.

True

False

16. Which part of the stomach projects upward, above the GE junction, dome-shaped area is in contact is in contact above with the left hemidiaphragm and to the left with the spleen?

Pylorus

Fundus

Antrum

Body

17. True or false. NSAID gastritis deveops in <25% of pts.

True

False

18. The distal stomach that is composed of the antrum and pylorus primarily:

Controls the rate of emptying into the duodenum

Grinds solids into small particles suitable for digestion

Exhibits phasic contractions

All of the above

19. Which phase of acid secretion has to do with sight, smell, and taste of food causes vagus nerve stimulation and secretion of HCL, pepsinogen, and intrinsic factor?

Gastric phase

Cephalic phase

Geriatric phase

Pylorus phase

20. What is the disorder associated with delay in gastric emptying du to lack of coordination of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, neurons within the stomach and intestines, and smooth muscle cells of the gut?

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Gastric scintigraphy

Gastroparesis

Bezoars

21. True or false. Treatment for gastroparesis should include hydration, nutrition, large meals, and high fiber foods.

True

False

22. What is the function of prokinetic drugs?

Stomach emptying

Replenish the stomach lining

Stomach distention

Stomach volvulus

23. What gastric pathology is usually manifested by an upper gastrointestinal bleed, anorexia, epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting?

Gastroparesis

Phytobezoars

Trichobezoars

Erosive gastritis

GERD

24. If a pt presents with gastroparesis, what diagnostic tests may you order to confirm your primary diagnosis?

Upper GI x-ray with bowel follow through

Upper endoscopy

Gastric scintigraphy

All of the above

None of the above

25. There are different categories of bezoars. What is the term that is used to describe plant material types, that are often found in pts with gastroparesis?

Trichobezoars

Photobezoars

Phytobezoars

Algaebezoars

Verdebezoars

26. There are different categories of bezoars. What is the term that is used to describe hair types, that is more common with young girls?

Peciabezoars

Trichobezoars

Phytobezoars

Photobezoars

None of the above

27. Which part of the stomach extends from its indistinct border with the body to the junction of the pylorus with the duodenum?

Pylorus

Fundus

Antrum

Body

28. Which of the following describes chief cells?

Secretes HCL, IF, activates pepsinogen and expresses receptors for histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine.

Synthesizes and secretes pepsinogen (activated by pepsin).

Secretes a bicarbonate-rich mucous that coats and lubricates the gastric surface

Secretes gastrin to control acid secretion and gastric motility

29. What is the gastric disorder that causes hypertrophy of the circular muscle of the pylorus, progressing to gastric obstruction?

Intermediate Hypotrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Intermediate Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric Stenosis

Infantile hypotrophic pyloric stenosis

30. Which of the following is a reasonable txt option for a pt with alcohol gastritis?

H2 blockers

PPI for 2-4 weeks

Sucrlfate

A & B

All of the above

31. What is it called when concentrations of ingested material form in the lumen of the stomach?

Gastroparesis

Bezoars

Bizarros

Gastrolysis

32. Which of the following describes endocrine cells?

Secretes gastrin to control acid secretion and gastric motility

Secretes a bicarbonate-rich mucous that coats and lubricates the gastric surface

Synthesizes and secretes pepsinogen (activated by pepsin).

Secretes HCL, IF, activates pepsinogen and expresses receptors for histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine.

33. Which part of the stomach is the decontamination chamber where pathogens are destroyed in the caustic mixture of acid and pepsin?

Distal stomach

Proximal stomach

Dependent stomach

Premature stomach

34. True or false. The associated death rate with bezoars is 40%.

True

False

the associated death rate is 20%.

Explanation

the associated death rate is 20%.

35. True or false. mild and uncomplicated vomiting needs parenteral administration of antiemetics.

True

False

36. Which of the following describes parietal cells?

Secretes gastrin to control acid secretion and gastric motility

Secretes a bicarbonate-rich mucous that coats and lubricates the gastric surface

Synthesizes and secretes pepsinogen (activated by pepsin).

Secretes HCL, IF, activates pepsinogen and expresses receptors for histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine.

37. What is the term associated with indigestion with chronic or recurrent pain in the upper abdomen accompanied by early fullness when eating?

Gastroparesis

Trichobezoar

Dyspepsia

Dysmenorrhea

Dysplica

38. True or false. The use of enteral nutrition does not reduce the risk of stress-related bleeding.

True

False

enteral nutrition DOES reduce the risk of stress-related bleeding in significantly ill pts.

Explanation

enteral nutrition DOES reduce the risk of stress-related bleeding in significantly ill pts.

39. True or false. Pressure from a bezoar is usually asymptomatic.

True

False

Pressure may cause a gastric ulcer/bleeding.

Explanation

Pressure may cause a gastric ulcer/bleeding.

40. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of erosive gastritis?

NSAIDS

Opiates

Stress

Portal hypertension

Alcohol

41. A pt comes into your clinic with persistent signs and symptoms of NSAID Gastritis. Their medication was lowered over a month ago to the lowest possible dose to reduce side effects. The pt was also placed on a PPI at that time. This txt was uneffective, so you order a diagnostic endoscopy. There are no signs of ulcerations on the endoscopy report. What is your next txt action?

Put pt on NSAID medication because they are not at risk for ulcerations

Treat pt symptomatically with an H2 blocker

Treat pt with sucralfate

Both A & B

Both B & C

42. What is the diagnostic test that has the pt ingest a radiolabeled meal and then takes images over a 2 hour period?

Upper endoscopy

Upper GI x-ray with bowel follow through

Gastric scintigraphy

EGB

43. What is the treatment for a complicated bezoar?

EGD

Gastric scintigraphy

Upper GI ultrasound

Endoscopy

The other options are more diagnostic. endoscopy breaks up the material for treatment.

Explanation

The other options are more diagnostic. endoscopy breaks up the material for treatment.

44. A pt presents with nausea, vomiting, early satiety, bloating, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Upon physical exam there is abdominal distention and tender with succession splash. What is your diagnosis?

IHPS

Bezoar

Gastroparesis

Gastroenteritis

45. H2 blocker or Sucralfate in critcally ill pts has been shown to reduce the incidence of stress gastritis bleeding by ________%.

40

25

50

70

46. What type of cells make up the cardia an antrum?

Chief, endocrine, parietal cells

Mucous, endocrine cells

Endocrine, chief, enterochromaffin cells

Mucous, chief, endocrine cells

47. Which of the following is NOT an example of a prokinetic drug?

Metoclopramide

Fentanyl

Erythromycin

Cisapride

48. What type of cells make up the fundus and body?

Mucous & endocrine cells

Mucous, parietal, chief cells

Enterochromaffin, chief, mucous cells

Chief, parietal, mucous cells

Mucous, parietal, chief, endocrine, enterochromaffin cells

49. True or false. Gastritis can be broken down into 4 categories.

True

False

Gastritis has 3 categories. erosive, nonerosive, and specific type (with distinct histologic and endoscopic features associated with a disorder).

Explanation

Gastritis has 3 categories. erosive, nonerosive, and specific type (with distinct histologic and endoscopic features associated with a disorder).

50. True or false. Erosive gastritis is usually asymptomatic.

True

False

51. True or false. An abdominal ultrasound on a child with IHPS would show an indicative circular sign.

True

False

There would be a "string sign" which indicates the elongated narrowed pyloric canal.

Explanation

There would be a "string sign" which indicates the elongated narrowed pyloric canal.

52. Which of the following is NOT a cause of gastroparesis?

Rheumatological diseases

Endocrine and metabolic disorders

Paraneoplastic disorders

Anemic disorders

Central nervous system disorders

53. Which of the following is a risk factor for stress gastritis? (choose all that apply).

Coagulopathy

Hypotension

Burns

Sepsis

Hepatic or renal failure

Submit

GI-stomach

1. True or false. Large bezoars are associated with abdominal pain and vomiting.

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. What is one of the risk factors associated with bezoars?

4. Which part of the stomach is a muscular sphincter located in the gastroduodenal junction?

5. True or false. trichobezoars are potentially more complicated than phytobezoars because the phyto type may dissolve after a few days on a liquid diet.

6. True or false. IHPS affects 3/1000 births, usually first born, and requires a pyloromyotomy to rectify the situation.

7. True or false. upper GI bleeds account for 20% of chronic GI bleeds in alcoholics.

8. Which phase of acid secretion includes distention of the antrum by food stimulates release of gastrin that then activates the parietal cell?

9. Nausea and vomiting are the most common signs & symptoms for stomach problems. What are the differential diagnoses that must be ruled out before solely focusing on the stomach?

10. Which of the following is a possible etiology of dyspepsia?

11. True or false. Gastritis can be caused by stress, develping subepithelial hemorrhage within 72 hours of a traumatic event or illness.

12. Which of the following describes mucous cells?

13. What is the term associated with inflammation of the gastric mucosa?

14. Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with dyspepsia?

15. True or false. Severe, intractable episodes, of vomiting can be treated with oral antiemetics and discharged.

16. Which part of the stomach projects upward, above the GE junction, dome-shaped area is in contact is in contact above with the left hemidiaphragm and to the left with the spleen?

17. True or false. NSAID gastritis deveops in <25% of pts.

18. The distal stomach that is composed of the antrum and pylorus primarily:

19. Which phase of acid secretion has to do with sight, smell, and taste of food causes vagus nerve stimulation and secretion of HCL, pepsinogen, and intrinsic factor?

20. What is the disorder associated with delay in gastric emptying du to lack of coordination of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, neurons within the stomach and intestines, and smooth muscle cells of the gut?

21. True or false. Treatment for gastroparesis should include hydration, nutrition, large meals, and high fiber foods.

22. What is the function of prokinetic drugs?

23. What gastric pathology is usually manifested by an upper gastrointestinal bleed, anorexia, epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting?

24. If a pt presents with gastroparesis, what diagnostic tests may you order to confirm your primary diagnosis?

25. There are different categories of bezoars. What is the term that is used to describe plant material types, that are often found in pts with gastroparesis?

26. There are different categories of bezoars. What is the term that is used to describe hair types, that is more common with young girls?

27. Which part of the stomach extends from its indistinct border with the body to the junction of the pylorus with the duodenum?

28. Which of the following describes chief cells?

29. What is the gastric disorder that causes hypertrophy of the circular muscle of the pylorus, progressing to gastric obstruction?

30. Which of the following is a reasonable txt option for a pt with alcohol gastritis?

31. What is it called when concentrations of ingested material form in the lumen of the stomach?

32. Which of the following describes endocrine cells?

33. Which part of the stomach is the decontamination chamber where pathogens are destroyed in the caustic mixture of acid and pepsin?

34. True or false. The associated death rate with bezoars is 40%.

35. True or false. mild and uncomplicated vomiting needs parenteral administration of antiemetics.

36. Which of the following describes parietal cells?

37. What is the term associated with indigestion with chronic or recurrent pain in the upper abdomen accompanied by early fullness when eating?

38. True or false. The use of enteral nutrition does not reduce the risk of stress-related bleeding.

39. True or false. Pressure from a bezoar is usually asymptomatic.

40. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of erosive gastritis?

42. What is the diagnostic test that has the pt ingest a radiolabeled meal and then takes images over a 2 hour period?

43. What is the treatment for a complicated bezoar?

44. A pt presents with nausea, vomiting, early satiety, bloating, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Upon physical exam there is abdominal distention and tender with succession splash. What is your diagnosis?

45. H2 blocker or Sucralfate in critcally ill pts has been shown to reduce the incidence of stress gastritis bleeding by ________%.

46. What type of cells make up the cardia an antrum?

47. Which of the following is NOT an example of a prokinetic drug?

48. What type of cells make up the fundus and body?

49. True or false. Gastritis can be broken down into 4 categories.

50. True or false. Erosive gastritis is usually asymptomatic.

51. True or false. An abdominal ultrasound on a child with IHPS would show an indicative circular sign.

52. Which of the following is NOT a cause of gastroparesis?

53. Which of the following is a risk factor for stress gastritis? (choose all that apply).