Gastrointestinal And Liver Disease! Trivia Quiz
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What do you know about gastrointestinal disease? Do you suppose you could pass this quiz? The gastrointestinal tract includes the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. Any problem with them could lead to something more serious if not checked. The organs directly involved in digestion include the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Hepatitis A, B, and C are all liver diseases. Take this quiz to learn more about gastrointestinal and liver disease.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following is NOT a liver function?
- A.
Conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage
- B.
Conversion of conjugated bili to unconjugated bili
- C.
Regulation blood coagulation
- D.
Production of bile salts
- E.
Conversion of ammonia to urea
Correct Answer
B. Conversion of conjugated bili to unconjugated biliExplanation
The liver performs various functions, including the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage, regulation of blood coagulation, production of bile salts, and conversion of ammonia to urea. However, the conversion of conjugated bilirubin to unconjugated bilirubin is not a liver function. Conjugated bilirubin is already processed and ready for excretion, while unconjugated bilirubin needs to be further processed before it can be eliminated from the body.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is the maximum amount of cells the liver can have damaged or lost before failing to function?
- A.
1/2
- B.
1/3
- C.
1 1/2
- D.
3/4
Correct Answer
D. 3/4Explanation
The maximum amount of cells the liver can have damaged or lost before failing to function is 3/4. This means that if 3/4 or more of the liver cells are damaged or lost, the liver will no longer be able to carry out its functions effectively.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Bile by-products ultimately leave the body through ________, and blood by-products ultimately leave the body through ________.
- A.
Sweat, respirations
- B.
Blood, urine
- C.
Feces, blood
- D.
Feces, urine
- E.
Respirations, sweat
Correct Answer
D. Feces, urineExplanation
Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It helps in the digestion of fats. After being used in the digestion process, bile by-products are eliminated from the body through the feces. On the other hand, blood by-products, such as waste products and excess water, are filtered by the kidneys and eliminated through the urine. Therefore, the correct answer is feces, urine.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What substance that the liver synthesizes determines plasma oncotic pressure?
- A.
Coagulation factors
- B.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin
- C.
Albumin
- D.
Ceruloplasmin
Correct Answer
C. AlbuminExplanation
Albumin is a protein synthesized by the liver that plays a crucial role in maintaining plasma oncotic pressure. Plasma oncotic pressure is the pressure exerted by proteins, primarily albumin, in the blood vessels that helps to retain fluid within the blood vessels. Albumin helps to prevent fluid from leaking out of the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues. Therefore, albumin is the substance synthesized by the liver that determines plasma oncotic pressure.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What substance synthesized by the liver is mainly made up of cholesterol?
- A.
Alpha 1-antitrypsin
- B.
Ceruloplasmin
- C.
Transferrin
- D.
Bile salts
Correct Answer
D. Bile saltsExplanation
Bile salts are synthesized by the liver and are mainly made up of cholesterol. Bile salts play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. They help in the emulsification of fats, which increases their surface area and allows for better digestion by enzymes. Bile salts also aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Therefore, bile salts are an important component of bile, which is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine to aid in digestion.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What substance is associated with Wilsons disease because it is a copper-carrying protein?
- A.
Transferrin
- B.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin
- C.
Ceruloplasmin
- D.
Albumin
Correct Answer
C. CeruloplasminExplanation
Ceruloplasmin is associated with Wilson's disease because it is a copper-carrying protein. Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the body, leading to copper toxicity. Ceruloplasmin plays a crucial role in regulating copper levels in the body by binding to copper and transporting it. In individuals with Wilson's disease, there is a defect in the gene that produces ceruloplasmin, resulting in impaired copper transport and accumulation of copper in various organs, particularly the liver and brain.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The liver synthesizes and excretes VLDL.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The liver is responsible for synthesizing and excreting VLDL, which stands for very low-density lipoprotein. VLDL is a type of lipoprotein that transports triglycerides from the liver to other tissues in the body. This statement is true because the liver plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and is involved in the production and secretion of various lipoproteins, including VLDL.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is the name of the protease inhibitor that inactivates other proteases that cause inflammation?
- A.
Transferrin
- B.
Albumin
- C.
Ceruloplasmin
- D.
Alpha1-antitrypsin
Correct Answer
D. Alpha1-antitrypsinExplanation
Alpha1-antitrypsin is a protease inhibitor that inactivates other proteases responsible for causing inflammation. It helps to regulate the activity of enzymes involved in the breakdown of proteins, particularly in the lungs. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency can lead to lung damage and emphysema, as the uncontrolled protease activity can cause tissue destruction.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The hepatocellular disease is associated with increased serum concentration of coagulation factors.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false. Hepatocellular disease is actually associated with decreased serum concentration of coagulation factors. This is because the liver plays a crucial role in producing clotting factors, and when it is damaged, the production of these factors is impaired, leading to decreased levels in the blood.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is the normal liver span?
- A.
8-13cm
- B.
2-3cm
- C.
1 foot
- D.
6-12cm
Correct Answer
D. 6-12cmExplanation
The normal liver span is typically between 6-12cm. This measurement refers to the distance between the upper and lower borders of the liver when it is palpated or felt during a physical examination. A liver span outside of this range may indicate an abnormality or pathology in the liver.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Enlargement can be from focal lesions, which of the following is an example of a focal lesion?
- A.
Lymphoma
- B.
Cysts
- C.
Infectious disease
- D.
Amloidosis
- E.
Venous congestion
Correct Answer
B. CystsExplanation
Cysts are an example of a focal lesion. Focal lesions refer to abnormalities or changes that are localized to a specific area or region within the body. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in various parts of the body and are considered focal lesions because they typically occur in a specific location rather than affecting the entire body.Rate this question:
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- 12.
If the AST/ALT ratio is >1, this is a possible sign of:
- A.
Alcoholic cirrhosis
- B.
Acute hepatitis
- C.
Viral hepatitis
- D.
Mononucleosis with hepatitis
Correct Answer
A. Alcoholic cirrhosisExplanation
An AST/ALT ratio greater than 1 suggests alcoholic cirrhosis. This is because in alcoholic cirrhosis, the AST levels are typically higher than the ALT levels, resulting in an elevated ratio. The ratio is often used as a marker to differentiate alcoholic liver disease from other causes of liver damage such as acute hepatitis, viral hepatitis, or mononucleosis with hepatitis, where the ratio is usually less than 1 or closer to 1.Rate this question:
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- 13.
An AST/ALT ratio <1 could be indicative of:
- A.
Alcoholic cirrhosis
- B.
Mononucleosis with hepatitis
- C.
Liver congestion
- D.
Metastatic tumor of the liver
Correct Answer
B. Mononucleosis with hepatitisExplanation
An AST/ALT ratioRate this question:
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- 14.
True or false. The AST/ALT ratio is less accurate if AST>10x normal.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The AST/ALT ratio is less accurate when AST levels are extremely elevated, specifically when AST is greater than 10 times the normal range. This means that in cases where AST levels are significantly higher than normal, the AST/ALT ratio may not provide an accurate indication of liver function.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Canalicular enzymes help to diagnose biliary obstruction. Which of the following is a canicular enzyme?
- A.
Albumin
- B.
Transferrin
- C.
Alkaline phosphatase
- D.
Alpha1-antitrypsin
Correct Answer
C. Alkaline phosphataseExplanation
Alkaline phosphatase is a canalicular enzyme. Canalicular enzymes are enzymes that are found in the bile canaliculi, which are small ducts that transport bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine. Alkaline phosphatase is one of the enzymes that is produced by the liver and is involved in the metabolism of bile. Elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase in the blood can indicate biliary obstruction, as the enzyme is released into the bloodstream when the flow of bile is blocked. Therefore, alkaline phosphatase is a useful marker for diagnosing biliary obstruction.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following is NOT a canalicular enzyme?
- A.
Alpha1-antitrypsin
- B.
Alkaline phophatase
- C.
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)
- D.
5'-nucleotidase
Correct Answer
A. Alpha1-antitrypsinExplanation
Alpha1-antitrypsin is not a canalicular enzyme because it is primarily synthesized in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream, rather than being transported into the bile canaliculi. Canalicular enzymes, on the other hand, are enzymes that are synthesized in the liver and transported into the bile canaliculi, where they play a role in the formation of bile. Examples of canalicular enzymes include alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and 5'-nucleotidase.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Where is alkaline phosphatase mainly found?
- A.
Bone and muscle
- B.
Muscle and connective tissue
- C.
Bone and liver
- D.
Liver and kidneys
Correct Answer
C. Bone and liverExplanation
Alkaline phosphatase is mainly found in bone and liver. It is an enzyme that is involved in various important biological processes such as bone mineralization and liver function. In bone, alkaline phosphatase plays a crucial role in the formation and remodeling of bone tissue. In the liver, it is involved in the metabolism and detoxification of various substances. Therefore, the presence of alkaline phosphatase in both bone and liver makes it the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Heme oxygenation releases ______ & _______.
- A.
Oxygen, carbon dioxide
- B.
Ferritin, transferrin
- C.
Iron, biliverdin
- D.
Bilirojo, bilirosa
Correct Answer
C. Iron, biliverdinExplanation
Heme oxygenation is the process of breaking down heme, a component of hemoglobin, and releasing its constituents. One of the products released is iron, which can be recycled and used for various physiological processes. The other product released is biliverdin, which is further converted into bilirubin and plays a role in the breakdown of red blood cells.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Unconjugated bilirubin travels to the liver via plasma, bound to what?
- A.
Transferrin
- B.
VLDL
- C.
Albumin
- D.
Ferritin
Correct Answer
C. AlbuminExplanation
Unconjugated bilirubin, which is a waste product of red blood cell breakdown, is insoluble in water and therefore needs to be transported to the liver for further processing. It binds to albumin, a protein found in the plasma, for transport. Albumin acts as a carrier molecule, allowing the unconjugated bilirubin to be transported safely to the liver where it can be conjugated and eventually eliminated from the body. Transferrin is responsible for transporting iron, VLDL carries triglycerides, and ferritin stores iron, none of which are involved in the transport of unconjugated bilirubin.Rate this question:
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- 20.
True or false. Unconjugated bilirubin is a hydrophillic toxin.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Unconjugated bilirubin is actually a hydrophobic toxin. It is produced during the breakdown of red blood cells and is transported to the liver where it is conjugated with glucuronic acid to form conjugated bilirubin. Conjugated bilirubin is then excreted in bile and eliminated from the body. Unconjugated bilirubin is not soluble in water and needs to be bound to albumin for transport in the blood. It can only become toxic when its levels are excessively high or when it is not properly processed by the liver.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which type of bilirubin can cross the blood brain barrier and cause kernicterus?
- A.
Unconjugated
- B.
Conjugated
Correct Answer
A. UnconjugatedExplanation
Unconjugated bilirubin is the correct answer because it is the form of bilirubin that can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause kernicterus. Kernicterus is a neurological condition that occurs when unconjugated bilirubin levels in the blood are too high, leading to the deposition of bilirubin in the brain. Conjugated bilirubin, on the other hand, is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier and does not cause kernicterus.Rate this question:
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- 22.
High amounts of what substance makes urine a dark tea-color?
- A.
Conjugated bilirubin
- B.
Unconjugated bilirubin
Correct Answer
A. Conjugated bilirubinExplanation
Conjugated bilirubin is the correct answer because it is a substance that can cause urine to appear dark tea-color. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced when red blood cells break down. In the liver, bilirubin is conjugated with glucuronic acid, which makes it soluble in water and allows it to be excreted in the urine. When there is a high amount of conjugated bilirubin in the urine, it can give it a dark tea-color. Unconjugated bilirubin, on the other hand, is not soluble in water and is typically excreted in the feces, so it does not contribute to the color of urine.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In newborn jaundice, the baby is placed under "bili-lights" which prove to be an effective treatment. How does this process help?
- A.
The lights conjugate the unconjugated bilirubin so it can be excreted
- B.
The unconjugated bilirubin absorbs the light and becomes water-soluble
- C.
The lights unconjugate the conjugated bilirubin so it can be secreted
- D.
These lights do not prove to be effective.
Correct Answer
B. The unconjugated bilirubin absorbs the light and becomes water-solubleExplanation
The bili-lights used in newborn jaundice treatment work by causing the unconjugated bilirubin to absorb the light. This absorption process helps to convert the unconjugated bilirubin into a water-soluble form, which can then be excreted from the body.Rate this question:
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- 24.
WHat is the most common form of hyperbilirubinemia?
- A.
Seguards syndrome
- B.
Wilsons disease
- C.
Gilbert's Syndrome
- D.
Mesa's Syndrome
Correct Answer
C. Gilbert's SyndromeExplanation
Gilbert's Syndrome is the most common form of hyperbilirubinemia. It is a benign condition characterized by elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood. This occurs due to a deficiency in the enzyme responsible for bilirubin metabolism. The syndrome is typically asymptomatic, but individuals may experience intermittent jaundice or mild fatigue. It is important to note that Gilbert's Syndrome does not cause any serious health problems or liver damage.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Gilbert's syndrome is a problem with what enzyme?
- A.
Transaminase
- B.
Glucuronyl transferase
- C.
Glucophage
- D.
Amylase
- E.
Lipase
Correct Answer
B. Glucuronyl transferaseExplanation
Gilbert's syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the liver's ability to process bilirubin, a waste product of red blood cell breakdown. Glucuronyl transferase is the enzyme responsible for conjugating bilirubin with glucuronic acid, making it water-soluble and allowing it to be excreted in the bile. A deficiency or dysfunction of this enzyme leads to an accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of Gilbert's syndrome, such as jaundice.Rate this question:
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- 26.
True or false. Gilbert's syndrome is a medical emergency and could be deadly.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Gilbert's syndrome is a benign and relatively common condition that affects the liver's ability to process bilirubin. It is not a medical emergency and is not considered deadly. People with Gilbert's syndrome may experience occasional mild jaundice, but it does not typically cause any serious health problems.Rate this question:
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- 27.
GIlbert's syndrome is a problem with conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin?
- A.
Conjugated
- B.
Unconjugated
Correct Answer
B. UnconjugatedExplanation
Gilbert's syndrome is a genetic condition that affects the liver's ability to process bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells break down. In this syndrome, there is a defect in the enzyme responsible for conjugating bilirubin, causing an increase in unconjugated bilirubin levels in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is unconjugated.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What manifestation is usually a result of liver or biliary tract disease?
- A.
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- B.
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- C.
Anemia
- D.
High levels of Creatinine
- E.
Purple skin
Correct Answer
A. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemiaExplanation
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is a manifestation that is usually a result of liver or biliary tract disease. This condition occurs when there is an excess of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced by the breakdown of red blood cells, in the bloodstream. In liver or biliary tract disease, the liver is unable to properly process and excrete bilirubin, leading to its accumulation in the blood. This can cause symptoms such as yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) and dark urine. Therefore, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What causes impaired excretion of conjugated bilirubin?
- A.
Hematostasis
- B.
Bacteristatic
- C.
Diarrhea
- D.
Cholestasis
Correct Answer
D. CholestasisExplanation
Impaired excretion of conjugated bilirubin is caused by cholestasis. Cholestasis refers to a condition where there is a reduction or blockage in the flow of bile from the liver. This can occur due to various reasons such as liver diseases, gallstones, or obstruction of the bile ducts. When cholestasis occurs, bilirubin, which is a waste product formed from the breakdown of red blood cells, cannot be properly excreted from the body. As a result, it accumulates in the blood, leading to jaundice and other symptoms associated with liver dysfunction.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following are causes for intrahepatic cholestasis?
- A.
Gallstones
- B.
Bile duct carcinoma
- C.
Viral hepatitis
- D.
Cholangitis
Correct Answer
C. Viral hepatitisExplanation
Viral hepatitis can cause intrahepatic cholestasis. Hepatitis viruses can infect and inflame the liver, leading to impaired bile flow and accumulation of bile acids in the liver. This can result in cholestasis, which is characterized by the reduced secretion of bile into the digestive system. Other causes of intrahepatic cholestasis, such as gallstones, bile duct carcinoma, and cholangitis, are not mentioned in the question.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following are causes for extrahepatic cholestasis?
- A.
Cirrhosis
- B.
Cholangitis
- C.
Viral hepatitis
- D.
Drug toxicity
Correct Answer
B. CholangitisExplanation
Cholangitis is inflammation of the bile ducts, which can lead to obstruction and extrahepatic cholestasis. This condition can cause a backup of bile in the liver, leading to symptoms such as jaundice and itching. Cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and drug toxicity can also cause liver damage, but they may not directly result in extrahepatic cholestasis.Rate this question:
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- 32.
True or false. Wilson's disease is when the liver has trouble with copper absorption.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder that causes excessive accumulation of copper in the body, not trouble with copper absorption in the liver. The liver is unable to excrete copper into bile, leading to its buildup in various organs such as the liver, brain, and other tissues. This can result in liver damage, neurological problems, and other symptoms. Therefore, the correct answer is false.Rate this question:
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- 33.
What disease process manifests with Kayser-Fleischer rings around the corneas?
- A.
Hepatitis
- B.
Charlie's syndrome
- C.
Cirrhosis
- D.
Wilson's disease
Correct Answer
D. Wilson's diseaseExplanation
Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder that causes the body to retain copper, leading to its accumulation in various organs, including the liver, brain, and corneas. Kayser-Fleischer rings are a characteristic finding in Wilson's disease, which are brownish-green rings that form around the corneas due to copper deposition. This symptom is helpful in diagnosing Wilson's disease and differentiating it from other liver diseases like hepatitis or cirrhosis. Charlie's syndrome is not a recognized medical condition, making it an incorrect option.Rate this question:
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- 34.
What are Kayser-Fleischer rings?
- A.
White rings around the cornea
- B.
Yellow/white nodules on sclera
- C.
White build up over iris
- D.
Brown circles around the cornea
- E.
Cloudiness in cornea
Correct Answer
D. Brown circles around the corneaExplanation
Kayser-Fleischer rings are brown circles around the cornea. These rings are caused by the deposition of copper in the Descemet membrane of the cornea. They are a characteristic feature of Wilson's disease, a genetic disorder that affects copper metabolism in the body. The accumulation of copper in the cornea leads to the formation of these brown circles, which can be seen during an eye examination. Therefore, the correct answer is brown circles around the cornea.Rate this question:
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- 35.
What is hemochromatosis?
- A.
Problem with white blood cell maturation
- B.
Iron storage disorder
- C.
Malformation of red blood cells
- D.
Inflammation of red blood cells
Correct Answer
B. Iron storage disorderExplanation
Hemochromatosis is a condition characterized by excessive iron absorption and accumulation in the body. This leads to iron overload and can result in damage to various organs, including the liver, heart, and pancreas. It is not related to white blood cell maturation, malformation of red blood cells, or inflammation of red blood cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "iron storage disorder."Rate this question:
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- 36.
______ in the heart muscle may cause dilated cardiomyopathy and may lead to arrhythmia?
- A.
Calcium
- B.
Copper
- C.
Iron
- D.
Iodine
Correct Answer
C. IronExplanation
Iron overload in the heart muscle may cause dilated cardiomyopathy and may lead to arrhythmia. Excessive iron accumulation can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the heart, leading to the dilation of the heart chambers and impaired cardiac function. This can disrupt the normal electrical conduction system of the heart, resulting in arrhythmias. Iron overload can occur in conditions such as hereditary hemochromatosis or as a result of repeated blood transfusions. Treatment involves reducing iron levels through phlebotomy or iron chelation therapy.Rate this question:
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- 37.
What disease process may manifest as gonadal atrophy in men and amenorrhea in women?
- A.
Wilson's disease
- B.
Cholangitis
- C.
Hemochromotosis
- D.
Cirrhosis
Correct Answer
C. HemochromotosisExplanation
Hemochromatosis is a disease process characterized by the excessive accumulation of iron in the body. In men, this can lead to gonadal atrophy, which is the shrinkage of the testes and decreased production of hormones. In women, it can cause amenorrhea, which is the absence of menstrual periods. Therefore, hemochromatosis can manifest as both gonadal atrophy in men and amenorrhea in women.Rate this question:
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- 38.
What substance is common in toxin-induced hepatotoxicity?
- A.
Oral contraceptives
- B.
Valproic acid
- C.
Amanita phalloides
- D.
Rosarita sicca
- E.
Acetaminophen
Correct Answer
C. Amanita phalloidesExplanation
Amanita phalloides is a type of mushroom that contains a toxin called amatoxin. This toxin is known to cause hepatotoxicity, which is liver damage. When ingested, the toxin targets liver cells and disrupts their normal function, leading to liver injury. This is why amanita phalloides is commonly associated with toxin-induced hepatotoxicity. The other substances listed, such as oral contraceptives, valproic acid, rosarita sicca, and acetaminophen, may have hepatotoxic effects in certain situations, but they are not specifically known for causing toxin-induced hepatotoxicity.Rate this question:
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- 39.
What storage, if exceeded in the liver, due to acetaminophen intake could be dangerous?
- A.
Albumin
- B.
VLDL
- C.
Alpha1-antitrypsin
- D.
Glutathione
Correct Answer
D. GlutathioneExplanation
Excessive intake of acetaminophen can lead to the depletion of glutathione storage in the liver. Glutathione is an important antioxidant that helps protect liver cells from oxidative damage. When glutathione levels are depleted, it can lead to liver toxicity and damage. Therefore, exceeding the storage capacity of glutathione in the liver due to acetaminophen intake can be dangerous.Rate this question:
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- 40.
What drug is given to reverse damage done by acetaminophen intake?
- A.
P-glutathione
- B.
Ibuprofen
- C.
ASA
- D.
N-acetylcysteine
Correct Answer
D. N-acetylcysteineExplanation
N-acetylcysteine is given to reverse damage done by acetaminophen intake. Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, can cause liver damage if taken in excessive amounts. N-acetylcysteine is a medication that helps replenish glutathione, an antioxidant that protects the liver from damage. By providing additional glutathione, N-acetylcysteine helps to counteract the toxic effects of acetaminophen and prevent further damage to the liver.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which form of hepatitis is self limiting, will not incur a carrier state or chronic disease state?
- A.
B
- B.
A
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
B. AExplanation
Hepatitis A is a form of hepatitis that is self-limiting, meaning it resolves on its own without treatment. It does not lead to a carrier state or chronic disease state. Hepatitis A is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water, and symptoms may include fatigue, nausea, and jaundice. Vaccination is available to prevent hepatitis A infection.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Which hepatitis causes acute hepatitis but 95% of people clear the virus, but may be carriers?
- A.
B
- B.
A
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
A. BExplanation
Hepatitis B is the correct answer because it is known to cause acute hepatitis, but in 95% of cases, the body is able to clear the virus on its own. However, some individuals may become carriers of the virus, meaning that they can still transmit it to others even if they do not display symptoms themselves.Rate this question:
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- 43.
True or false. Those with Hepatitis B may be at greater risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.
- A.
True
- B.
Flase
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and can cause chronic liver disease. Individuals with chronic hepatitis B infection are at a higher risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, which is the most common type of liver cancer. This is because the hepatitis B virus can cause inflammation and damage to the liver cells over time, increasing the likelihood of cancerous cell growth. Therefore, it is true that those with Hepatitis B may be at greater risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Is hepatitis B cause by an RNA or DNA virus?
- A.
RNA
- B.
DNA
Correct Answer
B. DNAExplanation
Hepatitis B is caused by a DNA virus. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family, which is a group of enveloped DNA viruses. The virus contains a partially double-stranded DNA genome, and it replicates through reverse transcription, a process in which the viral RNA is converted into DNA. This DNA is then integrated into the host cell's genome, leading to chronic infection in some cases. Therefore, the correct answer is DNA.Rate this question:
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- 45.
How is hepatitis B contracted?
- A.
Through feces
- B.
Blood or other body fluids
- C.
Medications made in Mexico
- D.
It is congenital
Correct Answer
B. Blood or other body fluidsExplanation
Hepatitis B is contracted through blood or other body fluids. This includes contact with infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and saliva. The virus can be transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia, and from mother to child during childbirth. It is important to practice safe sex, avoid sharing needles, and get vaccinated to prevent the transmission of hepatitis B.Rate this question:
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- 46.
What is the earliest marker for acute infection in hepatitis B?
- A.
ALT
- B.
IgG
- C.
HBeAg
- D.
HBsAg
Correct Answer
D. HBsAgExplanation
The earliest marker for acute infection in hepatitis B is HBsAg. HBsAg stands for hepatitis B surface antigen, which is a protein on the surface of the hepatitis B virus. It can be detected in the blood before symptoms of infection appear and before other markers such as ALT (alanine aminotransferase), IgG (immunoglobulin G), or HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen) become detectable. Therefore, HBsAg is considered the earliest and most reliable marker for acute hepatitis B infection.Rate this question:
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- 47.
What are the core antigens for Hepatitis B?
- A.
HCcAg
- B.
HgbAg
- C.
HBcAg
- D.
HBeAg
- E.
Both C&D
Correct Answer
E. Both C&DExplanation
The core antigens for Hepatitis B are HCcAg and HBcAg. HCcAg refers to Hepatitis B core antigen, which is a viral protein found in the core of the virus. HBcAg, on the other hand, stands for Hepatitis B core antigen, and it is also a viral protein that is essential for the replication of the virus. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both C&D" as both HCcAg and HBcAg are core antigens for Hepatitis B.Rate this question:
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- 48.
How is Hepatitis C contracted?
- A.
Feces
- B.
Blood and other body fluids
- C.
Percutaneous/mucosal exposure to blood or blood products
- D.
Alcohol consumption
Correct Answer
C. Percutaneous/mucosal exposure to blood or blood productsExplanation
Hepatitis C is contracted through percutaneous/mucosal exposure to blood or blood products. This means that the virus can be transmitted through activities such as sharing needles, receiving blood transfusions or organ transplants from infected individuals, or having unprotected sex with someone who is infected. It is not contracted through feces or alcohol consumption.Rate this question:
-
- 49.
Is Hepatitis C a DNA/RNA virus?
- A.
DNA
- B.
RNA
Correct Answer
B. RNAExplanation
Hepatitis C is caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is an RNA virus. RNA viruses have RNA as their genetic material, unlike DNA viruses which have DNA. Therefore, the correct answer is RNA.Rate this question:
-
- 50.
What percentage of HCV infections become chronic?
- A.
30-40%
- B.
25-50%
- C.
60-85%
- D.
5-10%
Correct Answer
C. 60-85%Explanation
The correct answer is 60-85%. This means that a significant majority of HCV infections become chronic. Chronic HCV infection occurs when the virus persists in the body for a prolonged period, usually more than 6 months. This high percentage indicates the potential for long-term health complications associated with chronic HCV, such as liver damage, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. It emphasizes the importance of early detection, prevention, and treatment of HCV to reduce the risk of chronic infection and its consequences.Rate this question:
-
Gastrointestinal tract perforation: CT diagnosis of presence, site and cause.
Gastrointestinal tract perforation: CT diagnosis of presence, site and cause.
Gastrointestinal Problems (Practice Mode)- RNpedia
Gastrointestinal Problems (Practice Mode)- RNpedia
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