Fundamentals Of Nursing IV: Www.Rnpedia.Com

The best time to collect a urine specimen for routine urinalysis and C/S is early morning. This is because the urine is more concentrated in the morning, which allows for better analysis and detection of abnormalities. Additionally, the first morning urine sample is more likely to contain any overnight bacteria that may have multiplied, making it ideal for culture and sensitivity testing. Collecting the urine before breakfast also ensures that any potential contaminants from food or drink consumed throughout the day are minimized.

Blue nails is considered an objective data because it is a physical observation that can be measured and documented. Unlike symptoms such as dizziness, chest pain, or anxiety, which are subjective and based on the individual's perception, blue nails can be objectively assessed by observing the color of the nails. This objective data can provide valuable information about the individual's health condition and can be used for further diagnosis and treatment.

Having a female nurse in attendance during a vaginal and cervical examination when the client is female and the doctor is male is necessary to ensure that the procedure is done in an ethical manner. This is because it respects the client's privacy, dignity, and cultural beliefs. It helps to create a comfortable and safe environment for the patient, ensuring that her rights are protected and that the examination is conducted with professionalism and sensitivity.

Pulse pressure refers to the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It is calculated by subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure. Pulse pressure is an important measure of cardiovascular health and can indicate the elasticity and efficiency of the arteries. A higher pulse pressure may suggest stiff arteries or increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, while a lower pulse pressure may indicate low cardiac output or heart failure.

If the cuff used to measure the client's blood pressure is too narrow, it will cause a false high reading. This is because a narrow cuff will result in increased pressure on the client's arm, leading to a higher recorded blood pressure reading than the actual value.

Lithotomy position is the best position for procedures that involve vaginal and cervical examination. In this position, the patient lies on their back with their legs flexed and thighs apart, allowing easy access to the vaginal and cervical area. This position provides optimal visibility and accessibility for the healthcare provider to perform the examination effectively and comfortably. It is commonly used for procedures such as Pap smears, pelvic exams, and childbirth.

Rhina stating that her environment is moving is a subjective data because it is based on her personal perception and experience. The source of the data is primary because it is coming directly from Rhina, the person experiencing Menieres disease.

Testing blood sugar levels before meals allows the client to get an accurate baseline reading of their blood sugar level, as it is not influenced by the intake of food. This helps to determine the fasting blood sugar level, which is crucial for managing diabetes and making appropriate adjustments to medication or diet. Testing before meals provides a more accurate reflection of the client's true blood sugar level, allowing for better control and management of their condition.

The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating body temperature. It acts as the heat regulating center by receiving input from temperature sensors throughout the body and initiating appropriate responses to maintain a constant internal temperature. It can activate mechanisms such as sweating or shivering to cool down or warm up the body as needed. The other options, including the medulla oblongata, thalamus, and pons, do not have a direct role in regulating body temperature.

The correct answer is NPO for 12 hours pre procedure. This is important to ensure accurate reading because fasting before the procedure helps to eliminate any interference from recent food intake, which can affect lipid levels. By not eating for 12 hours prior to the procedure, the client's lipid levels will be more accurately reflected in the test results.

The functional health framework is a comprehensive approach to health assessment that considers the effects of stressors on the mind, body, and environment. It also takes into account the client's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). This framework focuses on evaluating the client's overall functional status and how it is impacted by various stressors. It provides a holistic view of the client's health and helps identify areas of concern that may need intervention or support.

Axillary temperature taking is considered the safest and least invasive method of measuring temperature. It involves placing a thermometer in the armpit, which is a relatively non-sensitive area of the body. This method is particularly suitable for infants, young children, and individuals who are unable to cooperate or have difficulty with other methods. Axillary temperature taking is also less likely to cause discomfort or injury compared to other methods such as oral or rectal temperature measurements.

The correct direction for cleaning the thermometer after use to follow Medical Asepsis is from stem to bulb. This is because the stem is the part of the thermometer that comes into contact with the patient's body, and it is important to clean this area first to remove any potential contaminants. Cleaning from stem to bulb ensures that any bacteria or germs are not transferred from the bulb to the stem during the cleaning process.

Using the thumb to palpate the artery is not a correct action when taking a radial pulse. The thumb has its own pulse and using it to palpate the artery can interfere with accurate assessment of the patient's pulse rate, rhythm, volume, and bilateral quality. It is recommended to use two or three fingers to palpate the pulse at the inner wrist, with the palms facing upward.

A medical technologist is responsible for collecting blood specimens. They are trained professionals who have the knowledge and skills to properly collect and handle blood samples from patients. Nurses, physicians, and physical therapists may be involved in patient care, but it is the medical technologist's role to specifically collect blood specimens. They ensure that the samples are collected accurately and safely, following proper procedures and protocols.

Rectal examination is done with a client in the Sims position. This position involves the client lying on their left side with the right knee flexed towards the chest. It allows for easy access and visualization of the rectal area, making the examination more comfortable for the client and easier for the healthcare provider to perform. The supine position refers to lying flat on the back, while the lithotomy position involves lying on the back with the legs flexed and supported in stirrups. The dorsal recumbent position is similar to the supine position, but with the knees flexed.

Diastole refers to the phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are at rest and are filling with blood. During diastole, the pressure in the ventricles decreases, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles. This phase is important for the relaxation and refilling of the heart chambers, preparing them for the next contraction (systole). Therefore, diastole is the correct answer to the question, as it accurately describes the pressure when the ventricles are at rest.

When collecting a urine specimen from a client with an indwelling catheter, the correct nursing action is to use a sterile syringe to aspirate the urine specimen from the drainage port. This is the most appropriate method as it ensures the specimen is collected in a sterile manner and minimizes the risk of contamination. Collecting the specimen from the drainage bag or detaching the catheter from the connecting tube are not recommended as they can introduce contaminants. Inserting the syringe straight into the port without aspirating may cause the port to not self-seal properly, leading to potential leakage or infection.

Young people generally have a higher pulse rate than older individuals. This is because the heart rate tends to decrease with age due to factors such as decreased metabolic rate and overall physical fitness. Additionally, the elasticity of the blood vessels decreases with age, resulting in a slower pulse rate.

If the client had engaged in strenuous activities, smoked, or ingested caffeine before taking his/her BP, it is recommended to wait for 30 minutes before measuring the blood pressure. This is because these activities can temporarily increase blood pressure, and waiting for 30 minutes allows the body to return to a more normal state.

The left arm is a preferable arm for BP taking because the question mentions that the client has a CVA affecting the right brain. In cases of CVA (cerebrovascular accident) or stroke, it is common for the opposite side of the body to be affected. Therefore, in this scenario, the right arm is likely to be affected by the CVA, making the left arm a more suitable option for taking blood pressure.

Discarding the first flow of urine is an ideal way of collecting a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity because it helps to ensure that the urine sample is not contaminated with bacteria or other substances that may be present in the urethra or external genitalia. By discarding the initial urine flow, the subsequent sample is more likely to accurately represent the urine within the bladder, providing a more reliable result for culture and sensitivity testing.

Conduction is the correct answer because it refers to the process of heat transfer between objects that are in direct contact with each other. In conduction, heat is transferred through molecular collisions from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. This process occurs primarily in solids and is responsible for the transfer of heat through objects like metal rods or cooking utensils when they are heated.

In this situation, the body system framework is used for health assessment. The client has undergone Upper GI and Lower GI series, which are diagnostic tests that focus on specific body systems, namely the gastrointestinal system. The body system framework involves assessing each body system separately to gather information about its functioning and any potential abnormalities or issues. This approach allows healthcare professionals to focus on the specific system that is being assessed and provide targeted care and treatment based on the findings.

The given nursing diagnosis of ANXIETY R/T INTRUSIVE PROCEDURE is classified as an Actual nursing diagnosis. This is because the client is currently experiencing symptoms of anxiety such as dyspnea, diaphoresis, and asking lots of questions. The nurse has observed these symptoms and made a diagnosis based on the client's current condition.

The highest priority should be given to the statement "Client is cyanotic." Cyanosis is a condition characterized by bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, indicating a lack of oxygen in the blood. This is a critical sign that suggests a severe respiratory or circulatory problem. Immediate intervention is required to address the underlying cause and improve oxygenation. The other statements, while important, do not indicate an immediate life-threatening condition like cyanosis does.

Sitting position allows for better assessment of chest expansion and movements because the client is upright and the chest can expand more freely. In this position, the healthcare provider can observe the rise and fall of the chest, as well as any asymmetrical movements or abnormalities. Additionally, sitting position allows for better access to the anterior and lateral chest wall, making it easier to palpate and auscultate the lungs.

At the defervescence stage of a fever, the body temperature starts to decrease. Sweating is expected during this stage as it is a mechanism by which the body cools down. The sweat helps to dissipate heat from the body, thus aiding in reducing the temperature. This is a natural response of the body as it tries to regulate its temperature and return to normal. Therefore, sweating is the expected symptom at the defervescence stage of a fever.

The correct answer is Quadriplegic. Quadriplegia refers to paralysis of all four limbs, typically caused by a spinal cord injury. This condition does not directly affect the ability to take an oral temperature. Contraindications for taking oral temperature include the presence of a nasogastric tube (NGT), as it may interfere with accurate temperature measurement, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), and nausea and vomiting, as these symptoms may make it difficult for the person to hold the thermometer under their tongue.

The correct sequence of physical assessment for assessing the abdomen is inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. Inspection involves visually examining the abdomen for any abnormalities, such as distention or scars. Auscultation involves listening to the bowel sounds using a stethoscope to assess for any abnormal sounds. Percussion involves tapping on the abdomen to assess the density of underlying organs and detect any abnormal fluid or masses. Palpation involves gently pressing on the abdomen to assess for tenderness, organ enlargement, or abnormal masses. This sequence allows for a systematic and thorough assessment of the abdomen.

The medulla oblongata is the correct answer because it is the primary respiratory center in the brain. It controls the basic rhythm and rate of breathing by sending signals to the muscles involved in respiration. The medulla oblongata also regulates the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood, ensuring that the body receives an adequate supply of oxygen and removes excess carbon dioxide.

Metabolism is the correct answer because it refers to the chemical processes that occur within the body to maintain life. These processes include converting food into energy, which generates heat as a byproduct. Therefore, metabolism is the primary factor responsible for body heat production.

The tympanic temperature reading of 37.9 degrees Celsius is considered to be at the high end of the normal range.

A contraindication in taking RECTAL temperature is being neutropenic. Neutropenia refers to a low level of neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cell that helps fight off infections. Taking a rectal temperature involves inserting a thermometer into the rectum, which can potentially introduce bacteria and increase the risk of infection. Therefore, individuals who are neutropenic, with a weakened immune system, are at a higher risk of developing infections and should avoid rectal temperature measurements.

The supine position is necessary for the patient to assume before the start of the procedure. This position allows for easy access and examination of the breasts. In the supine position, the patient lies flat on their back with their arms at their sides. This position provides a comfortable and relaxed posture for the patient while also allowing the healthcare provider to effectively palpate the breasts for any abnormalities or lumps.

Darkening the room before the ophthalmoscope examination is a correct preparation because it helps to provide better illumination. By reducing the amount of external light, the ophthalmoscope can effectively examine the patient's eyes without interference. This allows the doctor to accurately assess the condition of the patient's eyes and make an appropriate diagnosis.

The Benedict's test is a technique that allows the nurse to test a client's urine for glucose without the need for intricate instruments. Benedict's reagent is added to the urine sample, and if glucose is present, it will react with the reagent and produce a color change. This test is simple and can be easily performed in a community health setting, making it a resourceful option for the nurse to meet the client's needs.

Based on the given information, Nurse Angela knows that Stephen Lee Mu Chin has just undergone an operation near the diaphragm, which increases the likelihood of complications in the future. Therefore, she should develop a nursing diagnosis of "Risk." This indicates that there is a potential for complications to occur due to the recent operation.

Rectal temperature readings are taken using a thermometer with a bulb that is pear-shaped or round in order to facilitate easy insertion into the rectum. This shape helps to ensure that the thermometer stays in place and provides an accurate reading of the body's internal temperature.

John's temperature fluctuates between normal and feverish levels, indicating that he is experiencing intermittent fever. This type of fever is characterized by periods of normal temperature alternating with periods of fever.

Asking the client to call for the specimen after wiping off the anus with a tissue indicates inadequate knowledge and skills about the procedure. In collecting a routine specimen for fecalysis, it is important for the nurse to directly collect the specimen from the site with blood and mucus, take an appropriate amount of specimen (around 1 inch or a teaspoonful), and secure a sterile container. Asking the client to call for the specimen after wiping off the anus with a tissue is not a correct procedure as it may contaminate the specimen and affect the accuracy of the test results.

Thirst and dehydration are basic physiological needs that must be met in order to maintain proper bodily function. Without addressing this need, the client's health and well-being could be at risk. In comparison, the other options involve psychological or emotional needs, which although important, may not have immediate life-threatening consequences if not addressed immediately. Therefore, addressing the client's thirst and dehydration takes precedence over the other needs mentioned.

The nursing process is a systematic method used by nurses to provide patient care. It involves five steps: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The characteristics of the nursing process include being dynamic, meaning it is constantly changing and adapting to the patient's needs; cyclical, as it is a continuous and ongoing process; and universal, as it can be applied to all patients regardless of their condition or setting. The term "intrapersonal" refers to an individual's thoughts and emotions, which is not a characteristic of the nursing process.

The bell of the stethoscope is used in auscultating blood pressure because it helps to detect low-frequency sounds, such as the Korotkoff sounds that are produced when measuring blood pressure. The bell is designed to pick up on these low-frequency sounds more effectively than the diaphragm of the stethoscope, which is better suited for high-frequency sounds. Therefore, using the bell allows healthcare professionals to accurately assess blood pressure readings.

The correct answer is RLQ, RUQ, LUQ, LLQ. This sequence follows the clockwise pattern starting from the right upper quadrant (RUQ), then moving to the right lower quadrant (RLQ), followed by the left upper quadrant (LUQ), and finally ending with the left lower quadrant (LLQ). This sequence is commonly used in medical examinations to ensure a systematic approach to assessing the abdomen.

The nurse should position himself at the client's back when palpating the client's neck for lymphadenopathy. This position allows the nurse to have better access and visibility of the client's neck area. It also ensures that the nurse can palpate the lymph nodes accurately and effectively.

The characteristic of nursing process that addresses the individualized care a client must receive is humanistic. This means that nursing care is focused on the unique needs, preferences, and values of each individual client. It emphasizes the importance of treating clients with respect, dignity, and empathy, and tailoring care to meet their specific needs. The humanistic approach recognizes that each client is a unique individual and requires personalized care to promote their overall well-being.

John is experiencing a relapsing fever. This is indicated by the pattern of his temperature fluctuating between normal and high temperatures. Two days ago, he had a fever of 39.5 degrees, then his temperature returned to normal of 36.5 degrees, and today it surged to 40 degrees. This pattern of fever coming and going is characteristic of a relapsing fever.

The nurse asking the client to urinate at 9:00 A.M and including the urine in the 24 hour urine specimen indicates a need for further procedural debriefing because the urine collected at that time should not be included in the specimen. A 24 hour urine specimen starts at a specific time and includes all urine collected during that period except for the first void. Collecting urine at the start time would result in inaccurate measurements and may affect the validity of the test results.

Stress is a primary factor that affects blood pressure. When a person is under stress, their body releases stress hormones, such as adrenaline, which can cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. This response is known as the "fight or flight" response. Prolonged or chronic stress can lead to consistently high blood pressure, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, stress management techniques are important in maintaining healthy blood pressure levels.