Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition - Chapter 23 Testbank

The current Australian National Health and Medical Research Council recommendations for energy intake during infancy are based on a combined estimate of the energy required during growth with measurements of total energy expenditure. This means that the recommendations take into account the energy needed for growth and development, as well as the energy expended through physical activity. By combining these estimates, the recommendations aim to provide infants with the appropriate amount of energy to support their overall health and development.

Infants have a high metabolic rate and require a large amount of energy and nutrients to support their rapid growth and development. Since they have a small body size, their feeding needs to be high in energy and nutrients per unit of body weight to meet their requirements. This is why the correct answer is "High in energy and nutrients per unit of body weight".

The correct answer is young women of low socioeconomic status. This population is more likely to face barriers to breastfeeding, such as lack of access to resources and support, financial constraints, and limited knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding. By targeting this group, the program can aim to address these barriers and provide the necessary support and education to increase the number of women in this population who choose to breastfeed their babies.

The correct answer is "All of the above". This means that all the given statements are true and provide valid reasons for why the recommendation to reduce total fat intake is not suitable for infants. Infants require fat as the main source of energy, as well as for essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Additionally, fat provides energy without increasing the renal solute load, which is important for infant development.

Breast milk contains antibodies that can help protect infants against infectious diseases. When a breastfeeding mother is exposed to a pathogen, her body produces specific antibodies to fight that infection. These antibodies are then passed on to the infant through breast milk, providing passive immunity and reducing the risk of contracting infections. This is why breastfed infants attending child-care centers are less likely to contract infectious diseases compared to those who are formula-fed. The other options mentioned (reduced contact with other infants, resistance to contamination, and higher protein and energy content) are not the primary reasons for the finding mentioned in the question.

Infants fed an infant formula that has been made up to greater than the recommended strength are at increased risk of dehydration. This is because the concentrated formula can overwhelm the infant's kidneys, leading to increased urine production and fluid loss. Dehydration can be dangerous for infants as it can lead to symptoms such as dry mouth, sunken fontanelle, decreased urine output, and irritability. It is important to follow the recommended guidelines for preparing infant formula to ensure the baby receives the right amount of nutrients and fluids.

Breast milk contains lactose, which is a type of sugar. Lactose intolerance occurs when the body does not produce enough lactase, the enzyme needed to break down lactose. Formula milk, on the other hand, can be made with lactose-free options, making it less likely to cause lactose intolerance in infants. Therefore, the statement that lactose intolerance is more common in breastfed infants is incorrect.

Lactose, the main carbohydrate in human and cow's milk, affects an infant's nutritional status in multiple ways. Firstly, it facilitates the absorption of calcium, which is crucial for the development of strong bones and teeth. Secondly, it provides one third of the kilojoule requirements, supplying energy for growth and development. Additionally, lactose also facilitates the absorption of magnesium, an essential mineral for various bodily functions. Lastly, it decreases the risk of diarrhea, as lactose promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut and helps maintain a healthy digestive system. Therefore, all of the given options are correct explanations of how lactose affects an infant's nutritional status.

Breastfed infants typically have additional needs for energy, iron, and protein after 4-6 months of age. This is because breast milk alone may not provide enough of these nutrients to support the growing needs of the infant. Iron is important for healthy brain development and preventing iron deficiency anemia. Protein is essential for growth and development, while energy is needed to support the overall metabolic processes in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "Energy, iron, and protein, 4-6."

During infancy, a baby's surface area and basal metabolic rate per kg of body weight are approximately double that of an adult. Protein is necessary for the growth and development of tissues, organs, and muscles, making it particularly important for infants who are experiencing rapid growth. Protein provides essential amino acids that are crucial for building and repairing cells. Therefore, an adequate intake of protein is essential during infancy to support the baby's increased metabolic needs and promote healthy growth and development.