Final Exam Part 2

Gypsum products are beneficial in construction because they provide fire protection. Gypsum is a non-combustible material that helps to prevent the spread of fire. When exposed to high temperatures, gypsum releases water vapor, which helps to keep the temperature of the surrounding area low and slows down the spread of flames. This makes gypsum products an essential component in fire-resistant walls, ceilings, and partitions, ensuring the safety of the building and its occupants in case of a fire.

Nail popping in gypsum board surface is often caused by the shrinkage of the wood framing. As the wood framing dries out and loses moisture, it shrinks, causing movement and stress on the gypsum board. This can lead to the nails pulling away from the board and popping out. Faulty taping of the joints, use of excessively short nails, and panels installed across the studs in the wrong orientation can also contribute to nail popping, but shrinkage of the wood framing is a major cause.

Hardwood is the correct answer because it is stated in the question that about eighty percent of wood flooring is hardwood. This means that the majority of wood flooring is made from hardwood materials.

Portland cement is the principle cementitious ingredient in stucco. Stucco is a type of plaster that is commonly used for exterior wall finishes. It is a mixture of cement, sand, and water, with cement being the main binding agent. Portland cement is a type of hydraulic cement that hardens when mixed with water, forming a strong and durable material. It is widely used in construction due to its ability to bond with other materials and its resistance to moisture and various weather conditions.

Applying Portland cement plaster over a level base in a uniform thickness helps to reduce cracking. When the base is level and the plaster is applied evenly, it creates a more stable and balanced surface. This reduces the chances of stress and movement within the plaster, which can lead to cracks. By ensuring a uniform thickness, the plaster is more likely to dry and cure evenly, further reducing the risk of cracking. Overall, this method promotes a stronger and more durable plaster finish.

Hardwood flooring boards are typically provided in various lengths due to the cutting necessary to remove natural defects. This means that during the manufacturing process, boards may have imperfections such as knots, cracks, or other natural defects. To ensure a high-quality and visually appealing final product, these defects are cut out, resulting in boards of different lengths. By removing the natural defects, the flooring will have a smoother and more uniform appearance.

The correct answer states that resinous tile-setting materials such as epoxies and furans have greater bonding strength and chemical resistance compared to cementitious mortars. This implies that these resinous materials are more effective in forming strong bonds and are more resistant to chemical deterioration when used for tile-setting purposes.

Before plywood that is to be used as the substrate for wall tile is installed, its edges should be sealed with an exterior primer or aluminum paint. This is because the edges of plywood are more susceptible to moisture penetration and can lead to swelling or warping if not properly sealed. Sealing the edges with a primer or paint helps to create a barrier that prevents moisture from entering the plywood, ensuring its durability and stability when used as a substrate for wall tile.

Lime is added to finish coat plasters to improve workability. Lime acts as a plasticizer, making the plaster more flexible and easier to work with. It also helps to reduce cracking and improve the overall durability of the plaster. Additionally, lime enhances the adhesive properties of the plaster, allowing it to bond better to the substrate.

Carpet is not particularly useful for controlling the transmission of airborne sound because it does not provide a significant barrier or absorb sound waves effectively. Unlike materials specifically designed for soundproofing, such as acoustic panels or insulation, carpet does not have the density or thickness required to block or reduce the transmission of airborne sound. While it may provide some minor sound absorption properties, it is not an effective solution for controlling airborne sound transmission.

Latex adhesives used in the installation of resilient flooring tile are moisture resistant. This means that they are designed to withstand exposure to moisture without losing their adhesive properties or causing damage to the flooring. This characteristic is important in areas where there may be high levels of moisture, such as bathrooms or kitchens, as it helps to ensure the longevity and durability of the flooring installation.

Caulking is recommended around the edges of partitions between apartments to reduce sound transmission. Caulking helps to seal any gaps or cracks in the partition, preventing sound from traveling through and reducing noise transfer between the apartments. This can help to create a quieter and more peaceful living environment for the residents.

The disadvantage of concealed suspension system for composition tile is that the tiles are difficult to remove. This implies that if there is a need to replace or repair any of the tiles, it would be a challenging and time-consuming process. This can result in additional labor and cost, making it inconvenient for maintenance or renovation purposes.

Most resilient flooring today is made of vinyl and vinyl compositions. Vinyl flooring is known for its durability and resistance to wear and tear. It is also water-resistant, making it suitable for areas prone to moisture. Vinyl compositions refer to flooring materials that are made by combining vinyl with other substances, such as fiberglass or foam, to enhance their properties. This combination results in a resilient flooring option that is easy to maintain, long-lasting, and available in a wide range of designs and styles. Asbestos and cork are not commonly used in resilient flooring today due to safety concerns and availability.

Gypsum board partitions can be made entirely of gypsum board, with the exception of metal runners at the floor and ceiling. This means that the main structure of the partition is made of gypsum board, but additional support is provided by metal runners. These runners are necessary to ensure stability and strength in the partition.

In standard gypsum board construction, it is recommended to apply a minimum of three coats of joint compound for taped joints. This is necessary to ensure proper coverage and a smooth finish. The multiple coats allow for filling gaps and imperfections in the joint, creating a seamless appearance. Applying fewer coats may result in visible seams and a less durable finish. Therefore, three coats are the minimum requirement for achieving a professional and high-quality result.

Acoustical wall panels and baffles are classified by their absorption rating (AR). The absorption rating measures the panel's ability to absorb sound energy. This rating indicates how much sound the panel can absorb and prevent from reflecting back into the room. Panels with a higher absorption rating are more effective at reducing echo and controlling reverberation. Therefore, the absorption rating is an important factor to consider when selecting acoustical wall panels and baffles for noise control and improving the acoustic quality of a space.

Type X wallboard is fire resistant because it is made with a special gypsum core that contains glass fibers and other additives. These additives help to slow down the spread of fire by releasing water vapor when exposed to high temperatures. This helps to limit the damage caused by fire and gives occupants more time to evacuate the building.

The correct answer is "scratch coat, brown coat, finish coat." In three-coat plaster work applied to metal lath, the first coat is the scratch coat, which is a rough layer that provides a base for the subsequent coats. The second coat is the brown coat, which is a thicker layer that helps to level and smooth the surface. The final coat is the finish coat, which is a thin layer that provides the desired texture and appearance. Therefore, the coats in the correct order are scratch coat, brown coat, and finish coat.

White noise refers to sounds that contain all frequencies at equal intensity. When white noise is broadcast into a space, it helps to mask or drown out other unwanted sounds by providing a constant, non-distracting background noise. This can be particularly useful in environments where concentration or relaxation is desired, such as offices, bedrooms, or public spaces. By filling the space with a consistent sound, white noise helps to minimize the perception of other disruptive noises and create a more peaceful and focused environment.

The majority of sound absorbing fabric panels and baffles are largely or entirely made of polyester. Polyester is a synthetic material that is known for its durability, versatility, and ability to absorb sound. It is commonly used in acoustic treatments due to its high sound absorption coefficient and ability to reduce echo and reverberation in a space. Additionally, polyester is resistant to moisture, mold, and mildew, making it a suitable choice for environments with high humidity levels.

Epoxy adhesives used in the installation of resilient flooring tile are known for their high durability. This means that once the adhesive is applied and the tiles are installed, they will remain securely in place for a long period of time. The high durability of epoxy adhesives ensures that the flooring will not easily come loose or become damaged, providing a long-lasting and reliable installation.

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The unbonded terrazzo system provides the most crack control and is preferred wherever structural movement is expected. This system allows for independent movement between the terrazzo topping and the substrate, reducing the risk of cracks caused by structural movement. By not being bonded to the substrate, the terrazzo can move freely without transferring stress to the topping, resulting in better crack control.

Gypsum board should be installed at a minimum temperature of 55 degrees F. This is because at lower temperatures, the moisture in the gypsum board can freeze, causing the board to become brittle and potentially leading to cracks or other damage. Installing the gypsum board at a higher temperature ensures that it remains stable and durable.

Ceilings should be clad with gypsum board first because it is common practice to start from the top and work downwards when installing materials in a space. By starting with the ceilings, it allows for easier installation and ensures that the walls can be properly finished and sealed against the ceiling. Additionally, starting with the ceilings can help prevent any damage or marks on the walls that may occur during the installation process.

When gypsum is heated, it undergoes a process called calcination, where it loses its water of crystallization. This means that the water molecules that are chemically bound within the gypsum structure are released as water vapor into the atmosphere. Therefore, the correct answer is water.

Contact adhesive for installing gypsum board has the disadvantage of being unable to bridge irregularities. This means that if there are any uneven or rough surfaces on the substrate or the gypsum board itself, the adhesive will not be able to create a strong bond across those irregularities. This can result in a weaker and less secure installation of the gypsum board.

Gypsum board can be used on soffits in exterior locations.

Decorative chips in terrazzo toppings consist principally of marble. Terrazzo is a flooring material that is made by embedding small chips of various materials into a cement or resin base. Marble chips are commonly used in terrazzo because of their natural beauty, durability, and availability in a wide range of colors and patterns. Marble chips add a luxurious and elegant look to terrazzo surfaces, making it a popular choice for high-end residential and commercial spaces.

The correct answer is "intermediate-duty". This category of hung ceiling suspension system is the lightest one that can support not only acoustical materials but also light fixtures and air diffusers. It is designed to handle a moderate amount of weight and is suitable for most commercial and residential applications where additional items need to be suspended from the ceiling.

Paints containing more than 0.06 percent lead must carry a warning label. This is because lead is a toxic substance that can be harmful if ingested or inhaled. The warning label is necessary to inform consumers about the potential health risks associated with the paint and to ensure that they take appropriate precautions when using or handling it. Failure to include a warning label on such paints would be a violation of the law.

Intumescent coatings are substances that are used to protect surfaces from fire damage. They work by expanding when exposed to high temperatures, forming a protective layer that insulates the surface and slows down the spread of fire. Therefore, it can be concluded that intumescent coatings are fire-retardants.

The correct answer is nine inches because it is the shortest length mentioned among the options.

Vermiculite is a light weight aggregate for plaster. This means that it is used as a material that is added to plaster to make it lighter in weight. This can be beneficial in certain applications where a lighter plaster is desired, such as for insulation or to reduce the load on a structure. Vermiculite is often preferred over other aggregates because it is lightweight and has good insulating properties.

Within three and one-half hours of the initial mixing of a mix of Portland cement plaster, the only adjustment allowed is remixing to restore plasticity. This means that if the plaster starts to harden or lose its workability within this time frame, it can be remixed to make it easier to work with again. Retempering with additional water is not allowed as it can negatively affect the strength and durability of the plaster. Therefore, the correct answer is remixing to restore plasticity.

Quarter-sawn oak flooring is characterized by greater dimensional stability compared to other types of oak flooring. This is because the boards are cut at a 90-degree angle to the growth rings, resulting in a straight grain pattern. This method of sawing reduces the expansion and contraction of the wood due to changes in humidity and temperature, making it less prone to warping, cupping, and shrinking. The straight grain also enhances the overall durability and longevity of the flooring.

Homogeneous vinyl tile is the most durable resilient flooring option among the given choices. This type of flooring is made from a single layer of vinyl, which makes it highly resistant to wear and tear. It is also known for its high performance and longevity, making it a popular choice for heavy traffic areas. The homogeneous composition ensures that the color and pattern run throughout the entire thickness of the tile, making it more resistant to scratches and damage. Additionally, it is easy to clean and maintain, making it a practical and durable flooring option.

The correct answer is woven and tufted. This means that the most commonly used methods for making carpet yard goods are weaving and tufting. Woven carpets are made by interlacing vertical and horizontal yarns, creating a strong and durable carpet. Tufted carpets, on the other hand, are made by inserting yarns into a backing material, creating a looped or cut pile. Both methods are widely used in the carpet industry to produce different types of carpets with various textures and designs.

The correct answer is "portland cement plaster cannot be applied directly to these bases." This means that portland cement plaster cannot be directly applied to gypsum plaster, gypsum masonry, or gypsum lath.

The core of water-resistant wall board is formulated with asphaltic additives. These additives provide the board with water resistance properties, making it suitable for areas where moisture is present, such as bathrooms and kitchens. Asphaltic additives create a barrier that prevents water from penetrating the board, protecting it from damage and ensuring its durability over time.

Polycarbonate is not commonly used to make carpeting. Carpeting is typically made from materials such as acrylics, polypropylene, and nylon. Polycarbonate is a durable and transparent plastic that is commonly used in products such as eyeglass lenses, CDs, and automotive parts, but it is not commonly used in the manufacturing of carpeting.

In woven carpeting, the yarns that run crosswise are called weft yarns. These yarns are inserted over and under the warp yarns to create the structure of the carpet. The weft yarns are responsible for giving the carpet its stability and strength, as well as contributing to its overall appearance and texture. They are an essential component in the weaving process and play a crucial role in the final product.

Water-resistant gypsum board is recommended for use as a base for wall tile in tub-shower areas. This is because tub and shower areas are prone to moisture and water exposure, which can lead to damage and mold growth if not properly protected. Water-resistant gypsum board is designed to withstand these conditions and provide a durable and moisture-resistant surface for the installation of wall tiles.

The correct answer is two inch because it is the smallest nominal thickness of wood furring that is typically acceptable for supporting an acoustical ceiling on framing. This thickness provides enough stability and strength to hold the ceiling in place and ensure proper installation. Thinner furring may not be able to adequately support the weight of the ceiling and could lead to structural issues or a compromised acoustical performance.

When plaster is applied directly to a concrete surface, it is important not to use form release oil on the formwork. Form release oil is a substance that is applied to the forms to prevent the concrete from sticking to them. However, if form release oil is used and comes into contact with the concrete surface, it can create a barrier that prevents the plaster from properly adhering to the concrete. This can result in poor adhesion and a weak bond between the plaster and the concrete surface. Therefore, to ensure a strong and durable bond, it is necessary to avoid using form release oil on the formwork.

Bonded setting beds for tile on concrete provide smooth finishes over relatively rough surfaces. This means that even if the concrete surface is not perfectly smooth, the bonded setting bed can create a level and even surface for the tile installation. This is beneficial as it allows for a more aesthetically pleasing and professional-looking tile installation, without the need for extensive surface preparation or leveling of the concrete slab.

It is recommended that all coats of joint compound should be dry when the next coat is applied. This is because applying the next coat of joint compound on a wet or damp surface can cause the layers to mix and not adhere properly, leading to a weaker and less smooth finish. By allowing each coat to dry completely before applying the next one, it ensures better adhesion and a more professional-looking result.

Nylon is particularly problematic in the build-up of static electricity. This is because nylon is a synthetic fiber that has a high affinity for electrons, meaning it easily gains or loses electrons when rubbed against other materials. This transfer of electrons creates an imbalance, leading to a build-up of static electricity.

Lath is a type of gypsum board that is perforated. Lath is commonly used as a base for plaster or stucco finishes on walls and ceilings. The perforations in the lath allow the plaster or stucco to adhere properly and create a strong and durable surface.