Understanding Neurologic Disorders: Focus on Meningitis

1. What is the term for an inflammation of the pia mater, the arachnoid, and the cerebrospinal-fluid filled subarachnoid space?

Myelitis

Meningitis

Neuritis

Encephalitis

Meningitis refers to the inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain itself, neuritis is inflammation of a peripheral nerve, and myelitis is inflammation of the spinal cord.

Explanation

Meningitis refers to the inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain itself, neuritis is inflammation of a peripheral nerve, and myelitis is inflammation of the spinal cord.

2. What is the cause of Sceptic Meningitis?

Fungus (Cryptococcus neoformans)

Parasite (Naegleria fowleri)

Bacteria (Strep.pneumoniae, Neisseria meninitidis)

Virus (Herpes simplex virus, Enterovirus)

Sceptic Meningitis is primarily caused by bacterial infections, with the most common bacteria being Strep.pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. While other microorganisms like viruses, fungi, and parasites can also cause meningitis, they are not the primary culprits for Sceptic Meningitis.

Explanation

Sceptic Meningitis is primarily caused by bacterial infections, with the most common bacteria being Strep.pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. While other microorganisms like viruses, fungi, and parasites can also cause meningitis, they are not the primary culprits for Sceptic Meningitis.

3. What can cause Asceptic Meningitis?

Viral Infection, Lymphoma, Leukemia, Abscess

Autoimmune Disorders

Bacterial Infection

Fungal Infection

Asceptic Meningitis is caused by non-infectious factors like autoimmune disorders, but the most common cause is viral infections.

Explanation

Asceptic Meningitis is caused by non-infectious factors like autoimmune disorders, but the most common cause is viral infections.

4. Which bacteria is transmitted by secretions or aerosol contamination and infection is most likely in dense community groups such as college campuses?

Salmonella enterica

Streptococcus pneumoniae

E. coli

N. meningitidis

N. meningitidis is commonly spread through respiratory secretions and can lead to outbreaks in crowded settings like college campuses. E. coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica are not typically associated with this mode of transmission or targeted at dense community groups.

Explanation

N. meningitidis is commonly spread through respiratory secretions and can lead to outbreaks in crowded settings like college campuses. E. coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica are not typically associated with this mode of transmission or targeted at dense community groups.

5. What are the symptoms of meningitis and which is a late sign of these?

Meningitis / Rash

Stomach pain / Nuchal rigidity

Joint pain and swelling / Photophobia

Cough and shortness of breath / Behavioral changes

Meningitis can present with symptoms such as headache, fever, rash, changes in level of consciousness (LOC), behavioral changes, neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity), and sensitivity to light (photophobia). Among these, rash is considered a late sign of meningitis, making it essential to monitor for this warning sign.

Explanation

Meningitis can present with symptoms such as headache, fever, rash, changes in level of consciousness (LOC), behavioral changes, neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity), and sensitivity to light (photophobia). Among these, rash is considered a late sign of meningitis, making it essential to monitor for this warning sign.