Describe The Bhor's Model Quiz

1. State that radioactive decay is a random and spontaneous process and that the rate of decay decreases exponentially with time.

The rate of decay increases linearly as time progresses.

Exponential decay need not be treated analytically.It is sufficient to know that any quantity thatreduces to half its initial value in a constant timedecays exponentially. The nature of the decay isindependent of the initial amount.

The initial amount of a radioactive substance directly determines the speed of decay.

Radioactive decay occurs at a constant rate over time.

Radioactive decay is a random and spontaneous process, and its rate decreases exponentially over time. This means that the decay does not occur at a constant rate, the rate of decay does not increase linearly, and the initial amount of a substance does not directly affect the speed of decay.

Explanation

Radioactive decay is a random and spontaneous process, and its rate decreases exponentially over time. This means that the decay does not occur at a constant rate, the rate of decay does not increase linearly, and the initial amount of a substance does not directly affect the speed of decay.

2. Draw and annotate a graph showing the variation with nucleon number of the binding energy per nucleon.

Students should consider binding energy as a negative quantity in their graph.

Students should plot nucleon number on the y-axis instead of the x-axis.

Students should be familiar with binding energiesplotted as positive quantities.

Students should be aware that binding energy per nucleon decreases linearly with nucleon number.

The correct answer emphasizes the importance of plotting binding energies as positive quantities to illustrate their variation with nucleon number.

Explanation

The correct answer emphasizes the importance of plotting binding energies as positive quantities to illustrate their variation with nucleon number.

3. Describe the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

Nuclear Fission: A light nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei of roughly equal mass. Nuclear Fusion: Two heavy nuclei join to form a lighter nucleus.

Nuclear Fission: A heavy nucleus combines with a neutron to form a larger unstable nucleus. Nuclear Fusion: Two heavy nuclei undergo decay to release energy.

NuclearFission: Aheavy nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei of roughly equal mass.Nuclear reactions produce much more energy perparticle than chemical reactions.Fission occurs with the bombardment of neutrons toform radioactive products.The energy released appears in the form of KE of thefission nuclei and neutrons. Nuclear Fusion: Two light nuclei join toform a heavier nuclei.Energy can also be obtained from nuclear reactionsby arranging for two nuclei to fuse together.Fusion requires very high temperatures and pressuresin order to overcome coulomb repulsion forces and increase strong nuclearforce.No radioactive elements are produced.Energy released appears in the form of the KE of thehelium nucleus and neutron.

Nuclear Fission: Two heavy nuclei combine to form a lighter nucleus. Nuclear Fusion: A light nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei of roughly equal mass.

In nuclear fission, a heavy nucleus splits into lighter nuclei. In nuclear fusion, two light nuclei join to form a heavier nucleus. The incorrect answers provided mix up the concepts of fission and fusion, leading to inaccurate descriptions of the processes involved.

Explanation

In nuclear fission, a heavy nucleus splits into lighter nuclei. In nuclear fusion, two light nuclei join to form a heavier nucleus. The incorrect answers provided mix up the concepts of fission and fusion, leading to inaccurate descriptions of the processes involved.

4. 7.1.3: Outline one limitation of the simple model of the nuclear atom.

The model provides a clear understanding of atomic bonding and interactions.

The model accounts for all elements found in nature.

The model accurately represents the behavior of electrons within the atom.

Limitationsinclude: the model does not take into consideration isotopes and differentatomic weights, and the model does not show how the atom would be stable.Electrons would lose energy with radiation.

The simple model of the nuclear atom does not account for isotopes, different atomic weights, or explain the stability of atoms. It also does not accurately depict the behavior of electrons within the atom, nor does it provide a comprehensive understanding of atomic bonding and interactions.

Explanation

The simple model of the nuclear atom does not account for isotopes, different atomic weights, or explain the stability of atoms. It also does not accurately depict the behavior of electrons within the atom, nor does it provide a comprehensive understanding of atomic bonding and interactions.

5. Describe the interactions in a nucleus.

Nucleons are arranged in a random pattern with no specific interactions.

The force between protons is always attractive and does not involve repulsion or attraction.

The nucleus only contains neutrons that do not interact with each other.

Students need only know about the Coulombinteraction between protons and the strong,short-range nuclear interaction between nucleons.
Coulomb Force:The positively charged protons repel one another.Nucleons are arranged in such a way that likecharges repel as far as possible.Electrostatic force of repulsion between the protonsin the nucleus.Strong Nuclear Force: Strong force of attraction between nucleons thatovercomes Coulomb repulsion between protons.Force is independent in whether particles areneutrons or protons. At 1.3 femtometers, force is about 100 timesstronger than repulsion forces; if the distance between protons is greater than1.3 fm, force falls to 0, if the distance is smaller than 1.3 fm, stronglyrepulsive.

In a nucleus, the interactions involve the Coulomb force between protons, which leads to repulsion, and the strong nuclear force between nucleons, which overcomes this repulsion. The incorrect answers do not accurately reflect the interactions within a nucleus.

Explanation

In a nucleus, the interactions involve the Coulomb force between protons, which leads to repulsion, and the strong nuclear force between nucleons, which overcomes this repulsion. The incorrect answers do not accurately reflect the interactions within a nucleus.

6. 7.2.1: Describe the phenomenon of natural radioactive decay.

Radioactive decay only occurs in controlled laboratory settings.

When anunstable nucleus emits a particle (alpha, beta, gamma) (NOTE:Radioactive decay is both a randomand a spontaneous process.) (NOTE:The rate of radioactive decay decreases exponentially with time.)
Process is independent of pressure, temperature, and chemical combination.

Radioactive decay follows a predictable and linear pattern over time.

Radioactive decay is influenced by external factors such as pressure and temperature.

Natural radioactive decay is a spontaneous process where unstable nuclei emit particles without needing external influence. It is a random process that follows an exponential decay curve over time and is not affected by pressure, temperature, or chemical combination.

Explanation

Natural radioactive decay is a spontaneous process where unstable nuclei emit particles without needing external influence. It is a random process that follows an exponential decay curve over time and is not affected by pressure, temperature, or chemical combination.

7. Describe the properties of alpha (?), beta (?), and gamma (?) radiation.

Alpha particles are positively charged, beta particles are negatively charged, gamma radiation is neutral.

See image.

Alpha particles are massless, beta particles are heavy, gamma radiation has no mass.

Alpha particles have the highest penetration power, beta particles have the lowest, gamma radiation has moderate penetration power.

The properties of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation differ in terms of charge, penetration power, and mass. It is important to understand these distinctions in order to accurately describe each type of radiation.

Explanation

The properties of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation differ in terms of charge, penetration power, and mass. It is important to understand these distinctions in order to accurately describe each type of radiation.