Humerus And Shoulder Girdle Positioning

1. What is the name of the projection used to visualize the scapula in an x-ray?

Lateral Scapula projection

Oblique Scapula projection

AP Scapula projection A.Acromion B.Neck of scapula (about 1 inch below the coracoid process) C.Scapular notch D.Superior angle E.Medial (vertebral) border F.Inferior angle G.Lateral (axillary) border H.Glenoid cavity (fossa) or scapulohumeral joint

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Dorsal Scapula projection

The correct answer is AP Scapula projection, which stands for Anteroposterior Scapula projection. This projection is commonly used to assess the scapula in radiographic imaging.

Explanation

The correct answer is AP Scapula projection, which stands for Anteroposterior Scapula projection. This projection is commonly used to assess the scapula in radiographic imaging.

2. In which position are the following structures typically seen on an x-ray image of the scapula: Acromion, Coracoid process, Inferior angle, Spine of scapula, Body of scapula?

Anterior Oblique Position

AP (Anterior-Posterior) Position

Lateral (Scapular Y) Position A.Acromion B.Coracoid process C.Inferior angle D.Spine of scapula E.Body of scapula

Posterior Oblique Position

The correct position for visualizing the structures mentioned is the Lateral (Scapular Y) Position, which provides a comprehensive view of the scapula from different angles.

Explanation

The correct position for visualizing the structures mentioned is the Lateral (Scapular Y) Position, which provides a comprehensive view of the scapula from different angles.

3. Which projection is used to visualize the coracoid process in radiography?

Acromion

Inferosuperior axiolateral projection
A.Coracoid process
B.Glenoid Cavity
C.Spine
D.Acromion

Glenoid Cavity

Spine

The Inferosuperior axiolateral projection is specifically used for visualizing the coracoid process in radiography, allowing for a clear image of this anatomical structure.

Explanation

The Inferosuperior axiolateral projection is specifically used for visualizing the coracoid process in radiography, allowing for a clear image of this anatomical structure.

4. How should the body be positioned for an AP Humerus X-ray?

Keep the body straight and avoid any rotation for an accurate AP Humerus X-ray.

Bend the body forward to bring the elbow and distal humerus in contact with the cassette.

Rotate body away from the affected side to bring the shoulder and humerus in contact with the cassette.

AP Humerus Rotate body toward affected side as needed to bring shoulder and proximal humerus in contact with cassette. •Align humerus with long axis of IR, unless diagonal placement is needed to include both shoulder and elbow joints. •Extend hand and forearm as far as patient can tolerate. •Abduct arm slightly and gently supinate hand so that epicondyles of elbow are equidistant from IRCR perpendicular to IR, directed to midpoint of humerus •Minimum SID of 40 inches Structures Shown: • AP projection of the entire humerus, including the shoulder and elbow joints, is visible. Position: • Long axis of humerus should be aligned with long axis of IR. • True AP projection is evidenced at proximal humerus by the following: Greater tubercle is seen in profile laterally; humeral head is partially seen in profile medially, with minimal superimposition of the glenoid cavity. • Distal humerus: Lateral and medial epicondyles both are visualized in profile. Collimation and CR: • Collimation borders are visible at the skin margins along the length of the humerus, with minimal collimation at both ends to ensure that essential joint anatomy is included. • CR and center of the collimation field should be to the approximate midpoint of the humerus. Exposure Criteria: • Optimal density and contrast with no motion visualize sharp cortical margins and clear, bony trabecular markings at both proximal and distal portions of the humerus

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For an AP Humerus X-ray, it is important to rotate the body toward the affected side to ensure proper alignment of the shoulder and proximal humerus with the cassette.

Explanation

For an AP Humerus X-ray, it is important to rotate the body toward the affected side to ensure proper alignment of the shoulder and proximal humerus with the cassette.

5. What is the correct positioning for a lateral humerus projection?

Place the CR perpendicular to the IR and centered to the elbow joint for a lateral humerus projection.

Position patient with back to IR and elbow fully extended for a lateral humerus projection.

Lateral Humerus projections:
•Position patient erect or supine as for lateromedial or mediolateral projection. •Lateromedial: Position patient erect with back to IR and elbow partially flexed, with body rotated toward affected side as needed to bring humerus and shoulder in contact with cassette. Internally rotate arm as needed for lateral position; epicondyles are perpendicular to IR. •Mediolateral: Face patient toward IR (Fig. 6-27) and oblique as needed (20° to 30° from PA) to allow close contact of humerus with IR; flex elbow 90° as shown. •Adjust cassette height so that shoulders and elbow joints are equidistant from ends of cassette. •CR perpendicular to IR, centered to midpoint of humerus •Minimum SID of 40 inches Structures Shown: • A lateral projection of the entire humerus, including elbow and shoulder joints, is visible. Position: • True lateral projection is evidenced by the following: Epicondyles are directly superimposed; lesser tubercle is shown in profile medially, partially superimposed by lower portion of glenoid cavity. Collimation and CR: •Collimation borders should be visible at the skin margins along the length of the humerus, with minimal collimation at both ends to ensure that essential joint anatomy is included. • CR and center of collimation field should be to the approximate midpoint of the humerus. Exposure Criteria: • Optimal density and contrast with no motion visualize clear, sharp bony trabecular markings of entire humerus.

Position patient prone for a lateral humerus projection.

The correct positioning for a lateral humerus projection involves positioning the patient erect or supine as for lateromedial or mediolateral projection, not prone. The patient should have their back to the IR with the elbow partially flexed, not fully extended. Additionally, the CR should be perpendicular to the IR and centered to the midpoint of the humerus, not the elbow joint.

Explanation

The correct positioning for a lateral humerus projection involves positioning the patient erect or supine as for lateromedial or mediolateral projection, not prone. The patient should have their back to the IR with the elbow partially flexed, not fully extended. Additionally, the CR should be perpendicular to the IR and centered to the midpoint of the humerus, not the elbow joint.