Immune System Defense Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Study Quiz

1. What are the defense systems for removal of foreign substances?

Hormones - Endocrine system

Neurotransmitters - Nervous system

Enzymes - Digestive system

The immune system utilizes both the innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific) defense systems to remove foreign substances. Antigens play a key role in activating these systems to protect the body.

Explanation

The immune system utilizes both the innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific) defense systems to remove foreign substances. Antigens play a key role in activating these systems to protect the body.

2. Draw a diagram illustrating the components of the immune system.

Create a flowchart detailing the steps involved in immune response.

Write a list of the immune system organs without any visual aid.

Describe the functions of white blood cells in text format.

The question requires a visual representation of the immune system components, making the incorrect answers invalid as they do not align with the request for a diagram.

Explanation

The question requires a visual representation of the immune system components, making the incorrect answers invalid as they do not align with the request for a diagram.

3. What is lacrimal fluid?

Fluid secreted by the liver to aid in digestion.

A type of lubricating oil used in machinery.

Fluid of the eyes containing antibacterial enzymes in it (Tears)

A type of synthetic material used in clothing manufacturing.

Lacrimal fluid, commonly known as tears, is the fluid produced by the lacrimal gland in the eyes. It contains antibacterial enzymes to help protect the eyes from infections.

Explanation

Lacrimal fluid, commonly known as tears, is the fluid produced by the lacrimal gland in the eyes. It contains antibacterial enzymes to help protect the eyes from infections.

4. What is the second line of defense in the immune system?

First line of defense

Third line of defense

Antibodies production and activation

The second line of defense involves innate immune responses such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammatory response, and fever. The first line of defense includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes. The third line of defense refers to adaptive immune responses involving antibodies and specific immune cells. Antibodies production and activation specifically belong to the third line of defense, not the second line.

Explanation

The second line of defense involves innate immune responses such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammatory response, and fever. The first line of defense includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes. The third line of defense refers to adaptive immune responses involving antibodies and specific immune cells. Antibodies production and activation specifically belong to the third line of defense, not the second line.

5. What are neutrophils and macrophages?

Types of platelets.

Types of white blood cells

Types of red blood cells.

Types of neurons.

Neutrophils and macrophages are two types of white blood cells that play important roles in the immune system.

Explanation

Neutrophils and macrophages are two types of white blood cells that play important roles in the immune system.

6. How does a phagocyte work?

Phagocytes work by multiplying rapidly to overwhelm pathogens.

Phagocytes work by secreting antibodies to attack pathogens.

Phagocytes work by releasing toxins to kill pathogens.

Phagocytes are specialized cells that engulf and digest foreign particles such as pathogens or debris, not by releasing toxins, secreting antibodies, or multiplying rapidly.

Explanation

Phagocytes are specialized cells that engulf and digest foreign particles such as pathogens or debris, not by releasing toxins, secreting antibodies, or multiplying rapidly.

7. What is a phagocyte?

A hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.

A white blood cell that engulfs, destorys and spits out foreign bodies

An enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach.

A type of virus that infects plant cells.

Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune system by engulfing, destroying, and digesting foreign particles such as bacteria, viruses, and dead cells.

Explanation

Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune system by engulfing, destroying, and digesting foreign particles such as bacteria, viruses, and dead cells.

8. What are the four cardinal signs?

Redness Heat Swelling Pain

Itching Rash Hives Watery Eyes

Cough Shortness of Breath Chest Pain Headache

Fever Fatigue Dizziness Nausea

The four cardinal signs are typically used in reference to inflammation and infection. They include redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Explanation

The four cardinal signs are typically used in reference to inflammation and infection. They include redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

9. Draw a flow chart of the inflammatory response (just a guide).

- RBC and lymphocytes secrete "antigens"

- Local response to invading antigens

- Decreased body temperature

Inflammatory response involves an increase in body temperature, systemic response, and secretion of pyrogens by WBC and macrophages, ultimately benefitting the body by combating bacteria.

Explanation

Inflammatory response involves an increase in body temperature, systemic response, and secretion of pyrogens by WBC and macrophages, ultimately benefitting the body by combating bacteria.

10. What happens during inflammation?

Decreased blood flow to the area

Prevents oxygen and nutrients from reaching the area

Reduces white blood cell count in the area

Inflammation is a natural response by the body to an injury or infection. It involves increased blood flow to the affected area, bringing in oxygen, nutrients, white blood cells, and clotting proteins to contain the damage, dispose of debris, and begin the repair process. Decreased blood flow, prevention of oxygen and nutrients, and reduction of white blood cells would hinder the body's ability to heal.

Explanation

Inflammation is a natural response by the body to an injury or infection. It involves increased blood flow to the affected area, bringing in oxygen, nutrients, white blood cells, and clotting proteins to contain the damage, dispose of debris, and begin the repair process. Decreased blood flow, prevention of oxygen and nutrients, and reduction of white blood cells would hinder the body's ability to heal.

11. What is the role of phagocytes in the immune system?

*Phagocytes (eat) - neutophils and macrophages - engulfs foreign material into a vacuole - enzymes from lysosomes digest the material

Phagocytes produce hormones to stimulate the growth of white blood cells.

Phagocytes regulate body temperature during immune responses.

Phagocytes release antibodies to fight infections.

Phagocytes play a crucial role in the immune system by engulfing foreign material to protect the body from infections. Neutrophils and macrophages are types of phagocytes that engulf pathogens and digest them using enzymes from lysosomes.

Explanation

Phagocytes play a crucial role in the immune system by engulfing foreign material to protect the body from infections. Neutrophils and macrophages are types of phagocytes that engulf pathogens and digest them using enzymes from lysosomes.