Pioneers of Psychology: Theories and Contributions

1. What was Torsten Wiesel known for?

Developing the polio vaccine

Occipital lobe discovered, feature detectors

Inventing the internet

Discovering the theory of relativity

Torsten Wiesel is known for his work in neuroscience, specifically his discovery of feature detectors in the occipital lobe which revolutionized our understanding of visual processing.

Explanation

Torsten Wiesel is known for his work in neuroscience, specifically his discovery of feature detectors in the occipital lobe which revolutionized our understanding of visual processing.

2. What is Ernest Hilgard known for?

Researched hypnosis

Discovered penicillin

Invented the internet

Built the first airplane

Ernest Hilgard was a psychologist known for his research on hypnosis.

Explanation

Ernest Hilgard was a psychologist known for his research on hypnosis.

3. Who is Albert Bandura?

Professional athlete recognized for breaking world records

Famous chef known for popularizing French cuisine

Physicist known for the theory of relativity

Soc/cog psych, observational learning, bobo the doll, obs violence => being violent, theory of determinism

Albert Bandura is a psychologist known for his work in social and cognitive psychology, particularly in the areas of observational learning, the Bobo doll experiment, observational violence leading to imitative behavior, and the theory of determinism.

Explanation

Albert Bandura is a psychologist known for his work in social and cognitive psychology, particularly in the areas of observational learning, the Bobo doll experiment, observational violence leading to imitative behavior, and the theory of determinism.

4. What is the term used to describe taste aversion learning that is also known as the 'garcia effect'?

Sensory adaptation

Taste aversion learning called the "garcia effect"

Classical conditioning

Operant conditioning

The term 'garcia effect' refers to taste aversion learning, a form of classical conditioning that demonstrates how organisms can develop an aversion to certain tastes after associating them with negative outcomes.

Explanation

The term 'garcia effect' refers to taste aversion learning, a form of classical conditioning that demonstrates how organisms can develop an aversion to certain tastes after associating them with negative outcomes.

5. Who is known for the Rescorla-Wagner model of conditioning and elementary learning processes?

Rescorla-wagner model of conditioning, elementary learning processes, pavlovian conditioning/ instrumental learning

B.F. Skinner

Ivan Pavlov

Albert Bandura

Robert Rescorla is a prominent psychologist known for his work on the Rescorla-Wagner model of conditioning, elementary learning processes, and the relationship between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning.

Explanation

Robert Rescorla is a prominent psychologist known for his work on the Rescorla-Wagner model of conditioning, elementary learning processes, and the relationship between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning.

6. Who is known for the Law of Effect, which states that good consequences lead to increased likelihood of the behavior being repeated?

B.F. Skinner

Law of effect, do good - good consequences - do again

John Watson

Ivan Pavlov

Edward Thorndike is the psychologist who introduced the Law of Effect, which emphasizes the relationship between consequences and behavior. John Watson is known for his work in behaviorism, Ivan Pavlov for classical conditioning, and B.F. Skinner for operant conditioning.

Explanation

Edward Thorndike is the psychologist who introduced the Law of Effect, which emphasizes the relationship between consequences and behavior. John Watson is known for his work in behaviorism, Ivan Pavlov for classical conditioning, and B.F. Skinner for operant conditioning.

7. What are two key concepts associated with Edward Tolman's work?

Observational learning and social learning theory

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning

Short-term memory and long-term memory

Latent learning and cognitive maps

Edward Tolman's work focused on studying latent learning, which occurs without reinforcement, and cognitive maps, which are mental representations of physical locations.

Explanation

Edward Tolman's work focused on studying latent learning, which occurs without reinforcement, and cognitive maps, which are mental representations of physical locations.

8. Who is Herman Ebbinghaus?

A chef known for creating innovative dishes.

An astronaut who walked on the moon.

Pioneer memory researcher, discovered forgetting curve, used self as own subject, very controlled

A professional athlete who broke multiple records in their sport.

Herman Ebbinghaus was a pioneering memory researcher who made significant contributions to the study of memory through his work on the forgetting curve and his use of controlled experiments.

Explanation

Herman Ebbinghaus was a pioneering memory researcher who made significant contributions to the study of memory through his work on the forgetting curve and his use of controlled experiments.

9. Who is known for their work in gestalt psychology?

B.F. Skinner

Sigmund Freud

Ivan Pavlov

Gestalt psychology

Wolfgang Kohler is renowned for his contributions to the field of gestalt psychology, which focuses on how individuals perceive and organize sensory information. Sigmund Freud is known for his work in psychoanalysis, Ivan Pavlov for classical conditioning, and B.F. Skinner for operant conditioning.

Explanation

Wolfgang Kohler is renowned for his contributions to the field of gestalt psychology, which focuses on how individuals perceive and organize sensory information. Sigmund Freud is known for his work in psychoanalysis, Ivan Pavlov for classical conditioning, and B.F. Skinner for operant conditioning.

10. Who is known for research on memory construction and the misinformation effect that created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony?

Research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony

Sigmund Freud

Ivan Pavlov

Carl Jung

Elizabeth Loftus is a prominent psychologist known for her groundbreaking research on memory construction and the misinformation effect, which have provided critical insights into the fallibility of eye-witness testimony.

Explanation

Elizabeth Loftus is a prominent psychologist known for her groundbreaking research on memory construction and the misinformation effect, which have provided critical insights into the fallibility of eye-witness testimony.