Computer Science Chapter 1 Quiz

In a bit pattern with even parity, the total number of ones is always even. In the correct answer, 100001001, there are a total of 4 ones, which is even. In the incorrect answers, the total number of ones is odd, indicating an error in the parity.

Main memory, also known as RAM (Random Access Memory), provides the most efficient random access to individual data items compared to hard disk drives, cloud storage, and external SSDs.

The smallest positive value in floating-point format is achieved by having a sign bit of 0, an exponent field representing a small negative value in excess notation, and a mantissa that is not all zeros or ones, which is why the correct answer is 00101000.

In two's complement notation, the most significant bit (leftmost) indicates the sign of the number. If it is '1', the number is negative. A6 has a leftmost bit of '1', making it a negative number.

GIF files use a palette of 256 colors to represent images, which allows for smaller file sizes. JPEG files use a lossy compression algorithm to reduce file size. PNG files support more colors and transparency compared to GIF. BMP files store graphics without compression, leading to larger file sizes.

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a standard protocol used for encoding music and controlling electronic musical devices. It allows for communication between different musical instruments and devices. JPEG, MP4, and PDF are file formats used for images, videos, and documents respectively, not music encoding.

To convert 4 5/8 to binary, first convert the whole number part 4 to binary as 100. Then convert the fractional part 5/8 to binary which is 101. Combine both parts to get the binary representation 100,101.

When subtracting in two's complement notation, you first do the subtraction as if it were unsigned. Then take the two's complement of the result if the original second number was negative. In this case, 00001111 - 10101010 results in 10100101. Since the second number was negative, taking the two's complement gives us 01100010.

In two's complement notation, the left-most bit determines the sign of the number. '00000010' represents the largest positive value as it is a positive number with all other bits being zeros.

The correct answer is AND because in order for the AND operation to produce an output of 1, all the input patterns must be 1. For OR, only one input pattern needs to be 1. NAND produces 0 only when both inputs are 1. XOR produces 1 when the inputs are different.

The correct way to add two numbers in two's complement notation is to perform binary addition and discard any overflow. In this case, 00001111 + 10101010 = 10111001.

ASCII is a character encoding standard that often requires multiple bytes to represent a single numeric value, making it less efficient than the other encoding systems for numeric values.