Chapter 5 Book Review

In this scenario, utilitarianism would focus on the overall benefits to the students and all parties involved in the student loan process, rather than just focusing on individual moral duties or personal gain.

The Caux Principles for Business aim to promote ethical behavior in a global business context. The term kyosei emphasizes collaboration and mutual benefit for the betterment of society as a whole, rather than focusing solely on personal gain or profit-driven motives.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires senior managers to personally sign off on financial results to ensure accountability and transparency.

IBM's 'light of day' or 'sunshine' ethical framework emphasizes the importance of feeling comfortable with decisions, even when under intense examination from others, promoting transparency and ethical leadership.

In this scenario, the correct term for an employee who reports unethical or illegal activities within an organization, like the manager's actions, is a whistleblower. A whistleblower acts in the interest of the company and public good by exposing wrongdoing.

Costs of unethical behavior go beyond just government fines and penalties and can include damage to reputation, loss of trust from customers, legal fees, and overall negative impact on business sustainability.

Philanthropic responsibilities involve actions taken for the betterment of society, typically through charitable donations or community service projects. These actions can enhance a company's reputation and relationships with various stakeholders, ultimately leading to potential financial benefits.

Robert Giacalone advocates for an education that goes beyond self-interest and profit, emphasizing the importance of leaving a lasting legacy. This type of education is often referred to as transcendent education.

Life-cycle Analysis (LCA) is a comprehensive method for assessing the environmental impacts of products throughout their life cycle. It considers various phases, including manufacturing, transportation, product use, and disposal. Product packaging is a crucial element in LCA as it can significantly affect environmental sustainability.

Research has shown that companies with strong environmental performance tend to have better financial performance as well. Sustainable practices can lead to cost savings, increased market share, and improved reputation among stakeholders.

The correct answer ethics refers to the system of rules that govern the ordering of values. Moral philosophy, egosim, and utilitarianism are related concepts, but not the precise definition provided in the question.

Utilitarianism is a moral philosophy that focuses on maximizing overall well-being and happiness for the greatest number of people. It prioritizes the consequences of actions to determine what is morally right or wrong.

Universalism is the ethical system that emphasizes the importance of upholding values necessary for society to function as a whole. Egoism is the belief that individuals should act in their self-interest, while relativism suggests that ethical principles are subjective. Virtue ethics focuses on developing good character traits rather than adhering to universal principles.

An ethical issue refers to a situation where moral judgments are required, while terms like ethics and moral philosophy are broader concepts that encompass various aspects of morality.

The question is asking for the specific term that encompasses the principles, rules, and values used in deciding right or wrong, which is best represented by the concept of moral philosophy.

The Caux principles are specific ethical principles established through international collaboration, while Utilitarianism, Virtue ethics, and Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development represent different ethical theories or models.

Business ethics specifically refers to the moral principles and standards guiding behavior in the business world, differentiating it from generic moral philosophy, specific ethical issues, or the broader concept of virtue ethics.

Egoism focuses on self-interest, altruism on the interests of others, utilitarianism on maximizing overall happiness, and deontology on following moral rules.

Relativism is the belief that ethical behavior is determined by the opinions and behaviors of relevant others, rather than universal principles or standards.

When corporations behave badly, it is often the rank-and-file employees who bear the brunt of the consequences, rather than the top executives. Shareholders may be affected by the financial repercussions, but the direct impact is usually felt by the employees. Government agencies may intervene and penalize corporations, and customers may experience negative outcomes, but the immediate suffering is generally experienced by the employees.

The correct answer is false because studies have shown that people often engage in lying or ethical transgressions without fully considering the potential negative consequences. This behavior may be influenced by various factors such as situational pressures, moral disengagement, or cognitive biases.

Ethical decisions are ultimately shaped by the beliefs and principles of individuals, rather than external forces such as society, religion, or government.

Values are the core principles and ideals that guide and motivate our attitudes and actions. While morals, ethics, and principles are related terms, they do not encompass the full range of beliefs and behaviors represented by values.

Business ethics specifically pertains to the moral principles and standards governing behavior in a business context, whereas the other options do not exclusively focus on business-related moral conduct.

Universal values are the principles that transcend cultural and societal differences, and are recognized as essential for the well-being of individuals and communities worldwide.

Relativism acknowledges the existence of different ethical viewpoints by recognizing that norms of expected and acceptable behavior vary from culture to culture.

Virtue ethics is a branch of ethics that emphasizes an individual's character as the key element of ethical thinking, rather than adherence to rules or the outcomes of actions. It focuses on developing good moral character traits to make ethical decisions.

The incorrect answers provided do not align with the stages of Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development as they either involve unethical behavior, disregard for consequences, or personal biases rather than following predetermined stages of moral development.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed by Congress in 2002 to address corporate fraud and improve transparency in financial reporting. It is often referred to as SOX and set new standards for financial disclosure, accountability, and corporate governance.