Chapter 21: Section 1: "the East-west Split"

During the Cold War, the term 'superpowers' referred to the United States and the Soviet Union due to their significant military, economic, and political influence on a global scale.

The Cold War was a period of political tension and military competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, characterized by ideological differences and strategic rivalries rather than direct military conflict.

Bipolarism refers to the concept of two dominant superpowers acting in competition or conflict, often leading to global instability or conflict.

The Security Council of the UN is a pivotal body responsible for maintaining international peace and security.

The United Nations headquarters is located in New York City, USA, making it a central hub for international diplomacy and peacekeeping efforts.

The General Assembly serves as a policy-making body within the UN, with powers outlined in the UN charter and consisting of representatives from all member states.

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is the 3rd body of the United Nations and its primary role is to oversee fights against poverty, ignorance, and disease through various programs and initiatives.

The International Court of Justice is the main judicial organ of the United Nations and its primary purpose is to settle legal disputes between states in accordance with international law.

The Trusteeship Council was established as the 5th body of the United Nations to oversee the administration of Trust Territories and to promote self-governance and development in those territories.

The Secretariat is the administrative body of the United Nations responsible for carrying out the day-to-day work of the organization.

Debating societies are known for engaging in debates where the conversation and arguments sometimes reach a deadlock, indicating a stalemate or disagreement among participants.

George Kennan was a key figure in shaping US foreign policy, particularly in relation to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. His ideas on containment had a significant impact on US-Soviet relations.

The Containment Doctrine refers to a strategy employed during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

The Truman Doctrine was a foreign policy implemented by President Truman in which the U.S. took on the role of being the leader of the Western World, providing assistance to countries threatened by communism.

The Marshall Plan was a European aid program proposed by George C. Marshall to help rebuild the economies of European countries after World War II.

George C. Marshall was a prominent figure in American history who served as Secretary of State and proposed the Marshall Plan to help post-World War II Europe rebuild and recover.

COMECON, or the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, was an economic organization founded by the Soviet Union in response to the Marshall Plan. It aimed to coordinate economic policies among its member states in Eastern Europe.

West Berlin was known for being a city divided into sectors controlled by the United States, Great Britain, and France during the Cold War, surrounded by East Germany.

The Berlin Blockade refers to the Soviet Union's attempt to disrupt the merger of West Germany to West Berlin by cutting off all land access, not a military operation by the Allies, an economic blockade by the United States, or a diplomatic standoff between France and the Soviet Union.

The correct answer refers to the specific time when West Germany was established as the Federal Republic of Germany in the fall of 1949. The incorrect answers are unrelated events or incorrect time frames in German history.

Bonn was serving as the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990 before the reunification of Germany. Berlin now serves as the capital of unified Germany.

The German Democratic Republic, commonly known as East Germany, was a socialist state created by the Soviets after World War II.

The Brussels Pact was a defense alliance formed in 1948 between Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom to provide mutual defense in the event of an attack.

The term 'entangling alliances' refers to the U.S. avoiding permanent alliances to maintain independence and neutrality in foreign affairs, as exemplified by the tradition of not joining such alliances for over 150 years.

In his farewell address, George Washington warned about the dangers of political parties and foreign alliances, as well as the importance of national unity and fiscal responsibility.

The North Atlantic Treaty was signed by the United States, Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, Portugal, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Canada to establish the NATO alliance for mutual defense.

The Warsaw Pact was a political and military alliance established in 1955 between the Soviet Union and several Eastern European countries in response to the formation of NATO by Western European nations. The pact was created to enhance mutual defense and cooperation among the member states.

Nikita Khrushchev was a leader in the Soviet Union who succeeded Stalin and was known for his strong stance during the Cold War, particularly in relation to West Berlin.

The Berlin Wall was constructed in August 1961 by the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) to prevent emigration and defection to the West. It symbolized the ideological divide between communist Eastern Europe and the capitalist West during the Cold War period.