Digestive System Hormones and Nervous Control Quiz

1. What are examples of postganglionic parasympathetic nerves throughout the GI tract that do not release ACh?

Release of epinephrine causes inhibition of peristalsis in the intestines

Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors results in decreased secretion of bile from the gallbladder

Release of dopamine leads to increased secretion of bicarbonate in the pancreas

2. What is the class, origin, primary regulation of secretion, and primary functions of Gastrin?

Antibody

Enzyme

Neurotransmitter

Gastrin is a hormone primarily secreted by G-cells in the antrum of the stomach. Its secretion is primarily regulated by stimuli such as proteins, distention, vagal post-ganglionic fibers, and enteric nerves. Gastrin functions include stimulating parietal cell HCl secretion, stomach wall motility, and stomach mucosal growth.

Explanation

Gastrin is a hormone primarily secreted by G-cells in the antrum of the stomach. Its secretion is primarily regulated by stimuli such as proteins, distention, vagal post-ganglionic fibers, and enteric nerves. Gastrin functions include stimulating parietal cell HCl secretion, stomach wall motility, and stomach mucosal growth.

3. What is the primary function of secretin in the body?

Inhibits gastrin-induced HCl secretion from parietal cells

Inhibits the release of insulin from the pancreas

Stimulates bile production in the liver

Secretin primarily stimulates bicarbonate secretion in the pancreas and liver, as well as promoting growth.

Explanation

Secretin primarily stimulates bicarbonate secretion in the pancreas and liver, as well as promoting growth.

4. What is the function of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide / Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)?

Antibody

Enzyme

Neurotransmitter

GIP is a hormone secreted by K cells in the duodenum and jejunum of the small intestine. Its primary functions include inhibiting parietal cell HCl secretion in the stomach and stimulating insulin secretion in the pancreas.

Explanation

GIP is a hormone secreted by K cells in the duodenum and jejunum of the small intestine. Its primary functions include inhibiting parietal cell HCl secretion in the stomach and stimulating insulin secretion in the pancreas.

5. What is the primary function of Motilin?

Antibody

Neurotransmitter

Digestive enzyme

6. What is the primary function of Ghrelin?

Enzyme

Neurotransmitter

Vitamin

Ghrelin is a hormone primarily secreted by P/D1 cells in the stomach and small intestine. Its main functions include stimulating appetite, gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying, and growth hormone secretion.

Explanation

Ghrelin is a hormone primarily secreted by P/D1 cells in the stomach and small intestine. Its main functions include stimulating appetite, gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying, and growth hormone secretion.

7. What is the primary role of Somatostatin in gastrointestinal function?

Enhancement of pancreatic enzyme secretion

Promotion of gallbladder contraction

Stimulation of acid secretion in the stomach