Biology Diffusion Quiz

The cuticle is the waxy layer on the outer surface of a leaf that serves as a protective barrier to prevent the leaf from drying out and protect it from external threats.

The epidermis is specifically the outer layer of cells on the surface of a leaf, not the inner layer within the leaf structure, a type of root system, or a cell type in animals.

Guard cells are specialized cells found in plant leaves that regulate the opening and closing of stomata to allow for gas exchange and prevent water loss. These cells play a crucial role in plant physiology and are not related to security personnel, computer security devices, or nutrient storage cells.

Mesophyll is a specific leaf tissue involved in photosynthesis, not related to root structures, dry leaves, or plant cell wall proteins.

Spongy mesophyll is a layer in the leaf that plays a role in gas exchange, particularly communication with guard cells to regulate stomata opening and closing, rather than serving as an outer protective layer, carrying out nutrient transport, or being the main site for photosynthesis.

The Palisade Mesophyll is a layer of cells in plant leaves responsible for photosynthesis, not a fungal infection, root structure, or stem tissue.

A petiole is the part of the leaf that connects it to the stem of the plant, allowing for the transportation of nutrients and water.

Veins in a leaf primarily function to provide structural support and transport essential substances like water, minerals, and food energy throughout the plant. They do not directly participate in photosynthesis, temperature regulation, or water storage within the leaf.

Stoma refers to a specific biological structure in plants and does not relate to music, geology, or ancient warrior tribes.

Paris is the capital city of France, not London, Rome, or Berlin. London is the capital of the United Kingdom, Rome is the capital of Italy, and Berlin is the capital of Germany.

Increasing light distance led to a decrease in the number of bubbles produced as it lowered the rate of photosynthesis.

NaHCO3, when combined with water, decomposes to release CO2 which is essential for photosynthesis. Additionally, it acts as a buffer by maintaining the pH level in the near-neutral range.

During photosynthesis, CO2 is consumed in the Calvin Cycle to provide carbon for the synthesis of organic molecules.

In plant cells, O2 is both consumed and expelled depending on the process it is involved in. It is broken down during photosynthesis and used in aerobic respiration, leading to both consumption and expulsion.

Quanta are discrete packets of energy associated with electromagnetic radiation. They are not tiny particles in atoms, large units of matter in galaxies, or sounds produced by celestial bodies.

A photon is a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy, typically associated with visible light. It acts like both a particle and a wave and is the basic unit of all light.

A spectrophotometer is specifically designed to measure light absorption/transmission through a sample by passing light of a specific wavelength, making it the correct answer.

Plants primarily absorb light in the Violet/Blues and Reds spectrum for photosynthesis, converting it into energy through chemical processes. Green/Yellow light is actually the least absorbed by plants, while Ultraviolet light is too high in energy for efficient photosynthesis. Plants must absorb light to carry out photosynthesis, a crucial process for their survival.

Transmitted light by plants is highest in greens/yellows as these are the middle wavelengths in the visible spectrum, which are typically absorbed less by chlorophyll in plants.

Using a blank helps in determining the baseline absorbance of the solvent, which is crucial for obtaining accurate readings on the sample being analyzed.

A spectroscope directs a light beam through a glass prism to observe absorption and transmission characteristics of the specimen.

Chromatography is the process used to separate components of a mixture by passing them through a medium at different speeds. This enables separation based on differences in properties. Decomposition, oxidation, and fermentation are not processes specifically used for separating plant pigments.

Plant pigments are responsible for the coloration of plants and play a vital role in photosynthesis. The four main plant pigments are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenes, and xanthophylls.

Chromatography separates substances based on their molecular weights and their ability to diffuse through a solvent. The pigments separate into different colors based on their unique properties during the process.