Annelida- Worm

1. What are the characteristics of organisms in Phylum Annelida?

Unsegmented acoelomates with an open circulatory system and simple digestive tract

Bilateral organisms with a coelomate body plan and incomplete digestive tract

Segmented schizocoelous worms with a complete digestive tract usually with regional specialization, a closed circulatory system, a well developed nervous system with a ventral nerve cord and segmental ganglia as well as a dorsal cerebrial ganglia, metanephridia, paired segmentally arranged epidermal setae bundles, a head composed of a presegmental prostomium and a peristomium, and usually with a trochophore larva.

Radially symmetric organisms with a decentralized nervous system and no distinct digestive system

Phylum Annelida is characterized by segmented schizocoelous worms with specific anatomical features. The incorrect answers describe characteristics that do not align with those of organisms in Phylum Annelida.

Explanation

Phylum Annelida is characterized by segmented schizocoelous worms with specific anatomical features. The incorrect answers describe characteristics that do not align with those of organisms in Phylum Annelida.

2. What are some characteristics of Class Polychaeta?

Soft-bodied animals with a mantle, shell, and muscular foot

Spiny-skinned creatures such as sea urchins and sand dollars

Sand worms, tube worms, clam worms, and others(Figure 2). With numerous setae(chaetae) on the trunk segments; most with well developed parapodia; prostomiumand peristomium usually bear sensory organs (palps, tentacles, cirri) orextensive feeding and gas exchange tentacular structures; foregut oftenmodified as eversible stomodeal pharynx (proboscis), sometimes armed withchitinous jaws; reproductive structures simple, often transient; without aclitellum; most are gonochoristic; development often indirect, with afree-swimming trochophore larva; mostly marine; burrowers, errant, tube-dwelling, interstitial, or planktonic; some live in brackish water, a fewinhabit fresh water or are parasitic

Mollusks such as snails, clams, and octopuses

Class Polychaeta is characterized by species such as sand worms, tube worms, clam worms, and others, with specific features related to their body structure, feeding methods, and reproductive processes.

Explanation

Class Polychaeta is characterized by species such as sand worms, tube worms, clam worms, and others, with specific features related to their body structure, feeding methods, and reproductive processes.

3. What are some characteristics of Sister Taxa Scolecida (Class Polychaeta)?

Prostmial appendages absent most burrowers or tube dwellers with a bulbous protrusable pharynx

Live mainly in open water habitats

Do not have a pharynx

Have prostmial appendages

Scolecida, within the Class Polychaeta, are characterized by their absence of prostmial appendages, their tendency to be burrowers or tube dwellers, and their possession of a bulbous protrusable pharynx.

Explanation

Scolecida, within the Class Polychaeta, are characterized by their absence of prostmial appendages, their tendency to be burrowers or tube dwellers, and their possession of a bulbous protrusable pharynx.

4. What are the characteristics of Family Arenicolidae (Sister Taxa Scolecida;Class Polychaeta)?

Lugworms have a segmented body with well-developed legs for swimming.

Lugworms have sharp spines covering their bodies and feed on plankton.

Lugworms have thin, transparent bodies and live in rocky intertidal zones.

The so-called lugworms have a rather thick,fleshy, heteronomous body divided into two or three distinguishable regions;pharynx unarmed but eversible and aids burrowing and feeding; livein intertidal and subtidal sands and muds in J-shaped burrows; direct depositfeeders

5. What are the characteristics of Family Maldanidae(Sister Taxa Scolecida; Class Polychaeta)?

Small, round body with many legs and a hard exoskeleton; lives in colonies and feeds on decaying plant matter.

Body elongate and homonomous except that somemid-trunk segments are elongate, hence the common name of "bambooworms"; burrow head downward and secrete a mucous sheath to which sandparticles adhere, thereby forming a tube; proboscis unarmed by eversible andused in burrowing and selective deposit feeding.

Large, flat body with distinct head and tail regions; hunts prey in open water using tentacles with stinging cells.

Aquatic organism with gelatinous body and no distinct head; filters tiny food particles from the water using specialized cilia.

Family Maldanidae are known for their elongate body shape, burrowing behavior, and selective deposit feeding. They are not small round organisms that live in colonies, nor do they have large flat bodies with distinct head and tail regions. Additionally, they do not have a gelatinous body and filter feed using cilia.

Explanation

Family Maldanidae are known for their elongate body shape, burrowing behavior, and selective deposit feeding. They are not small round organisms that live in colonies, nor do they have large flat bodies with distinct head and tail regions. Additionally, they do not have a gelatinous body and filter feed using cilia.

6. What feature defines sister taxa Palpata (Class Polychaeta)?

With a pair of wings on the prostomium.

With a pair of sensory palps on the prostomium

With a pair of legs on the prostomium.

With a pair of antennae on the prostomium.

Sister taxa Palpata in Class Polychaeta are defined by having a pair of sensory palps on the prostomium for sensory perception.

Explanation

Sister taxa Palpata in Class Polychaeta are defined by having a pair of sensory palps on the prostomium for sensory perception.

7. Family Glyceridae belongs to which sister taxa and class?

Sister taxa Sipuncula; Class Bivalvia.

Long, cylindrical, tapered, homonomous body;enormous pharynx armed with four hooked jaws used in prey capture; largepharyngeal proboscis also used in burrowing; most are infaunal burrowers insoft substrata

Sister taxa Clitellata; Class Oligochaeta.

Sister taxa Nemertea; Class Gastropoda.

8. What are some characteristics of the Family Nereidae in the Class Polychaeta?

Moderate to large polychaetes tending tohomonomy; mostly errant predators with well developed parapodia; one pair oflarge curved pharyngeal jaws; some burrow, but most are epibenthic in protectedhabitats: among mussel communities, inholdfasts of algae, crevices, under rocks, et. (Internal anatomy)

Small sedentary organisms that live exclusively in sandy substrates.

Invasive species that outcompete native fauna in their habitats.

Filter feeders that rely on extracting nutrients from the water column.

The correct answer describes the characteristics of the Family Nereidae in the Class Polychaeta, highlighting their predatory nature, physical features, and preferred habitats.

Explanation

The correct answer describes the characteristics of the Family Nereidae in the Class Polychaeta, highlighting their predatory nature, physical features, and preferred habitats.

9. What is the primary focus of study for Family Nereidae(Sister taxa Palpata;Class Polychaeta)?

External Anatomy

Internal Structure

Reproductive Behavior

Ecological Interactions

The primary focus of study for Family Nereidae (Sister taxa Palpata; Class Polychaeta) is the external anatomy, which includes the physical characteristics and structures visible on the outside of the organism.

Explanation

The primary focus of study for Family Nereidae (Sister taxa Palpata; Class Polychaeta) is the external anatomy, which includes the physical characteristics and structures visible on the outside of the organism.

10. What are the characteristics of the Family Aphroditidae within the Class Polychaeta?

Body broad, oval or oblong, with less than 60segments; with flattened, solelike ventral surface, and rounded dorsum coveredwith scales (elytra) overlaid by a thick felt- or hairlike layer, giving somethe common name of "sea mouse"; slow moving, epibenthic or burrowers;most are omnivorous

Body dorsoventrally flattened, with more than 200 segments; covered in colorful protrusions, living symbiotically with coral reefs.

Body cylindrical, segmented; covered in spines and bristles, known for their ability to rapidly regenerate lost body parts.

Body slender, elongated, with more than 100 segments; with sharp spines protruding from the dorsal surface, fast-moving predators.

The correct answer describes the unique characteristics of the Family Aphroditidae within the Class Polychaeta, including their body structure, movement habits, and dietary preferences. The incorrect answers provided contrast by introducing characteristics that do not align with those of the Aphroditidae family.

Explanation

The correct answer describes the unique characteristics of the Family Aphroditidae within the Class Polychaeta, including their body structure, movement habits, and dietary preferences. The incorrect answers provided contrast by introducing characteristics that do not align with those of the Aphroditidae family.

11. What is a characteristic of Sister Taxa Canalipalpata (Class Polychaeta)?

Terrestrial species living in forests

Sedentary species in tubes or burrows, groved palps used for deposit feeding.

Aquatic species found in open water

Air-breathing species with wings for flight

Sister Taxa Canalipalpata (Class Polychaeta) are sedentary species that live in tubes or burrows and use grooved palps for deposit feeding. The incorrect answers provided do not align with the known characteristics of this taxa.

Explanation

Sister Taxa Canalipalpata (Class Polychaeta) are sedentary species that live in tubes or burrows and use grooved palps for deposit feeding. The incorrect answers provided do not align with the known characteristics of this taxa.

12. Family Chaetopteridae belongs to which sister taxa and class?

Body fleshy, relatively large and distinctlyheteronomous, divided into two or three functional regions with modifiedparapodia; chaetopterids live in more-or- less permanent U-shaped burrows linedwith secretions from the worm, most are mucous-net filter feeders, eatingplankton and detritus passed through the tube by water currents

Nemertea; Class Polychaeta

Sipuncula; Class Turbellaria

Echiura; Class Oligochaeta

Family Chaetopteridae is associated with the sister taxa Canalipalpata and belongs to the class Polychaeta. Its members have fleshy bodies divided into functional regions with modified parapodia, living in U-shaped burrows and feeding through mucous-net filter feeding.

Explanation

Family Chaetopteridae is associated with the sister taxa Canalipalpata and belongs to the class Polychaeta. Its members have fleshy bodies divided into functional regions with modified parapodia, living in U-shaped burrows and feeding through mucous-net filter feeding.

13. What are the characteristics of Family Terebellidae (Sister Taxa Canalipalpata;Class Polychaeta)?

Large-bodied free-swimming polychaetes with hard exoskeletons; homonomous; body of one uniform region; all possess eversible pharynx; live in burrows within rocky substrate; head lacks feeding tentacles; lack branchiae; feed on plankton.

Moderate-sized tube-dwelling polychaetes withfragile, fleshy bodies; heteronomous; body of two distinct regions; most lackeversible pharynx; most live in various types of permanent tubes (e.g., mud,sand, shell fragments); head bears numerous elongate feeding tentacles; mostwith 1-3 pairs of well developed branchiae on anterior trunk segments; feed onsurface detritus

Tiny aquatic worms with soft bodies; heteronomous; body of one continuous region; possess retractable pharynx; inhabit floating debris; head with sensory structures; without branchiae; feed on algae and aquatic plants.

Small-sized burrowing polychaetes with segmented bodies; homonomous; body of multiple regions; possess eversible pharynx; most live within mud tubes; head with simple appendages; lack respiratory structures; feed on small fish.

Family Terebellidae are moderate-sized tube-dwelling polychaetes with fragile, fleshy bodies, two distinct body regions, lack of eversible pharynx, living in various types of tubes, elongate feeding tentacles, well-developed branchiae, and feeding on surface detritus. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately describe the characteristics of this specific family of polychaetes.

Explanation

Family Terebellidae are moderate-sized tube-dwelling polychaetes with fragile, fleshy bodies, two distinct body regions, lack of eversible pharynx, living in various types of tubes, elongate feeding tentacles, well-developed branchiae, and feeding on surface detritus. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately describe the characteristics of this specific family of polychaetes.

14. What are tube-dwelling polychaetes commonly called in the Family Sabellidae?

Hermit crabs

Sand dollars

Tube-dwelling polychaetes commonly called"fan worms" or "feather-duster worms"; body heteronomous,divided into two regions similar to those of terebellids; pharynx unarmed andnoneversible; peristomium bears a classy crown of branched, feathery tentaclesthat projects from the tube and functions in gas exchange and ciliarysuspension feeding.

Blue whales

Tube-dwelling polychaetes in the Family Sabellidae are known as fan worms or feather-duster worms due to their appearance and habitat.

Explanation

Tube-dwelling polychaetes in the Family Sabellidae are known as fan worms or feather-duster worms due to their appearance and habitat.

15. Family Serpulidae belongs to which Order?

Oligochaeta

Acanthocephala

Heteronomous body divided into two regions; tubedwellers; anterior end bears a tentacular crown as in sabellids, plus afunnel-shaped operculum that can be pulled into the end of the calcareous tubewhen the worm withdraws; ciliary suspension feeders.

Polychaeta

Family Serpulidae belongs to the Order Sabellida, not Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, or Acanthocephala.

Explanation

Family Serpulidae belongs to the Order Sabellida, not Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, or Acanthocephala.

16. Family Spirorbidae belong to which order, sister taxa, and class?

Order Polychaeta; Sister Taxa Aphroditoidea; Class Clitellata

Order Sabellida; Sister Taxa Spionida; Class Gastropoda

Order Annelida; Sister Taxa Serpulida; Class Oligochaeta

Small heteronomous polychaetes living in coiledcalcareous tubes attached to hard substrata; tubes coil to the right or left,usually depending on species; anterior end with tentacular crown and operculumsimilar to those of serpulids.

Family Spirorbidae belongs to the Order Sabellida, Sister Taxa Canalipalpata, and Class Polychaeta. They are small heteronomous polychaetes living in coiled calcareous tubes attached to hard substrata, with tubes coiling to the right or left, usually depending on the species. The anterior end features a tentacular crown and operculum similar to those of serpulids.

Explanation

Family Spirorbidae belongs to the Order Sabellida, Sister Taxa Canalipalpata, and Class Polychaeta. They are small heteronomous polychaetes living in coiled calcareous tubes attached to hard substrata, with tubes coiling to the right or left, usually depending on the species. The anterior end features a tentacular crown and operculum similar to those of serpulids.

17. What is a defining characteristic of Clitellata?

Annelids with a clitellum associated withreproduction. No parapodia

Presence of parapodia for locomotion.

No segmented body structure.

Absence of a closed circulatory system.

Clitellata is a class of annelids characterized by the presence of a clitellum, which is involved in reproduction. Unlike other annelids, they lack parapodia and have a closed circulatory system.

Explanation

Clitellata is a class of annelids characterized by the presence of a clitellum, which is involved in reproduction. Unlike other annelids, they lack parapodia and have a closed circulatory system.

18. What organisms make up the class Oligochaeta?

Fish and amphibians

Insects and arachnids

Earthworms and many freshwater worms (Figure3). With few setae and no parapodia;cephalic sensory structures reduced; body externally homonomous except forclitellum; often with complex reproductive systems; hermaphroditic; oftenplaced as a subclass of the class Clitellata; fresh water, terrestrial, somemarine. This class comprises threeorders based in part on details of the male reproductive system, the first twocontain a single family each. There issome controversy about the taxonomic arrangement of oligochaetes.

Birds and reptiles

The correct answer provides a detailed description of the organisms that make up the class Oligochaeta, including their characteristics and habitats. The incorrect answers do not fit the description of oligochaetes and are from different classes of organisms.

Explanation

The correct answer provides a detailed description of the organisms that make up the class Oligochaeta, including their characteristics and habitats. The incorrect answers do not fit the description of oligochaetes and are from different classes of organisms.

19. Class Hirudiniomorpha.

Roundworms

Tapeworms

Earthworms

Leeches(Figure 4). Body with fixed number ofsegments, each with superficial annuli; heteronomous, with clitellum and aposterior and usually anterior sucker; often placed as a subclass of the classClitellata; complex reproductive systems, hermaphroditic; most are fresh wateror marine, a few are semiterrestrial; ectoparasitic, predaceous or scavenging

Class Hirudiniomorpha refers to leeches, which are characterized by a body with a fixed number of segments, each with superficial annuli, heteronomous nature with a clitellum and usually anterior and posterior suckers, complex reproductive systems, and being ectoparasitic, predaceous, or scavenging.

Explanation

Class Hirudiniomorpha refers to leeches, which are characterized by a body with a fixed number of segments, each with superficial annuli, heteronomous nature with a clitellum and usually anterior and posterior suckers, complex reproductive systems, and being ectoparasitic, predaceous, or scavenging.

20. What is a distinguishing feature of Polycheata's external anatomy compared to Oligocheata?

Absence of setae in papapodium

1) difference from Oligocheata is the presence of lateral segmented projections.(Swimming and Crawling)
2)papapodium is biramous, consisting of a bilobeddorsal notopodium and ventral neuropodium, which function in respiration andlocomotion.(From each arises a tactile cirrus and a bundle of jointedchitinous setae)
3)papapodium supported by 2 setae known as acicula
4) Many Setae
5) 4 prostomial eyes
6)pair of prostomial tentacles and paired palps
7)eversible pharynx with its black serrated teethor denticles

Lack of prostomial eyes and tentacles

Unsegmented body without pharynx or teeth

Polycheata's external anatomy includes lateral segmented projections and a biramous papapodium with notopodium and neuropodium, which are distinct features not found in Oligocheata.

Explanation

Polycheata's external anatomy includes lateral segmented projections and a biramous papapodium with notopodium and neuropodium, which are distinct features not found in Oligocheata.

21. What are the differences in external anatomy between the three classes of worms?

1)Oligocheata has no eyes because it is a dirt eatter so doesnt need to prey on food
2)Oligocheata setae are used more for digging while the other two use them for swimming and crawling
3) Oligocheata dont have parapodia beacuse they would get in the way of digging
4) Polycheata most specialized segment is cephilized while earthworms it is the clitellum

1) Polychaeta does not have setae because it is a burrowing species. 2) Oligocheata uses parapodia for locomotion, unlike the other two classes. 3) Earthworms have eyes to help them navigate through soil and find food.

The correct answer addresses the specific differences in external anatomy between the three classes of worms, highlighting unique characteristics of each class.

Explanation

The correct answer addresses the specific differences in external anatomy between the three classes of worms, highlighting unique characteristics of each class.

22. What is the role of oblique muscles in the internal anatomy of Polycheata?

1) Oblique muscles are used to move parapodia

2) Oblique muscles are involved in digestion processes.

3) Oblique muscles help in respiration.

4) Oblique muscles aid in reproduction.

Oblique muscles in Polycheata are primarily responsible for moving the parapodia, which are paired, paddle-like appendages used for locomotion.

Explanation

Oblique muscles in Polycheata are primarily responsible for moving the parapodia, which are paired, paddle-like appendages used for locomotion.