Anatomy Lab Upper Muscles

1. The point of attachment for a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction, Usually the origin lies proximal to the insertion.

Tendon

Origin

Belly

Insertion

In muscular terms, the origin refers to the point of attachment that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction. It is usually located proximally compared to the insertion point.

Explanation

In muscular terms, the origin refers to the point of attachment that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction. It is usually located proximally compared to the insertion point.

2. Which attachment moves away from the origin during muscle contraction?

Insertion

Ligament

Insertion

Tendon

During muscle contraction, the origin attachment remains relatively fixed compared to the insertion attachment, which moves towards the origin.

Explanation

During muscle contraction, the origin attachment remains relatively fixed compared to the insertion attachment, which moves towards the origin.

3. What is the muscle that has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement?

Antagonists

Prime Movers (PM) aka Agonists

Synergists

Fixators

In muscle physiology, the Prime Movers (PM) aka Agonists are the muscles that have the major responsibility for producing a specific movement. Antagonists are muscles that oppose or reverse a specific movement, Synergists assist the prime movers in executing a movement, and Fixators are muscles that stabilize the origin of the prime mover.

Explanation

In muscle physiology, the Prime Movers (PM) aka Agonists are the muscles that have the major responsibility for producing a specific movement. Antagonists are muscles that oppose or reverse a specific movement, Synergists assist the prime movers in executing a movement, and Fixators are muscles that stabilize the origin of the prime mover.

4. What term is used to describe muscles that assist primary movers by adding extra force to the same movement and reducing undesirable or unnecessary movements that might occur as the prime mover contracts?

Antagonists

Agonists

Stabilizers

Synergists

Synergists work together with the prime mover to enhance the specific movement, while antagonists oppose or slow down a specific movement, agonists are primary movers responsible for generating movement, and stabilizers help to maintain the position of a body part during movement.

Explanation

Synergists work together with the prime mover to enhance the specific movement, while antagonists oppose or slow down a specific movement, agonists are primary movers responsible for generating movement, and stabilizers help to maintain the position of a body part during movement.

5. Pectoralis Major: location, action, origin, insertion

Posterior muscle of the upper arm -- Prime mover of arm extension, Rotates arm laterally, Abducts arm -- scapula, humerus, radius -- ulna

Most superficalmuscle of the upper chest -- Prime moverof arm flexion, Rotates arm medially, Adducts arm against resistance, Lifts rib cage -- clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6 -- greater tubercle of humerus

Deep muscle of the lower back -- Prime mover of leg extension, Rotates leg laterally, Abducts leg away -- pelvis, sacrum, lumbar vertebrae -- tibia

Inner thigh muscle -- Prime mover of leg adduction, Rotates leg internally, Flexes leg at the knee -- pubis, ischium, femur -- patella

The correct answer provides accurate information regarding the location, action, origin, and insertion of the Pectoralis Major muscle. The incorrect answers provide descriptions of other muscles and their functions to confuse test takers.

Explanation

The correct answer provides accurate information regarding the location, action, origin, and insertion of the Pectoralis Major muscle. The incorrect answers provide descriptions of other muscles and their functions to confuse test takers.

6. Where is the pectoralis minor located and what are its actions, origin, and insertion?

Directly beneath pec major -- moves scapula forward and down, draws ribs superiorly -- ribs 3-5 -- coracoid process

The pectoralis minor originates from the clavicle and inserts into the humerus.

The pectoralis minor moves the arm laterally.

The pectoralis minor is located on the lower back.

The pectoralis minor is located directly beneath the pectoralis major and is responsible for moving the scapula forward and down, as well as drawing the ribs superiorly. It originates from ribs 3-5 and inserts into the coracoid process.

Explanation

The pectoralis minor is located directly beneath the pectoralis major and is responsible for moving the scapula forward and down, as well as drawing the ribs superiorly. It originates from ribs 3-5 and inserts into the coracoid process.

7. Latissimus dorsi: location, action, origin, insertion

In the chest area, Circular shaped -- Key muscle in breathing, Arm flexor and lateral rotator, Retracts scapula -- ribs and sternum -- medial epicondyle of humerus

Lower back muscle, Triangle shaped -- Prime moverof arm extension, Arm adductor and medial rotator, Depresses scapula -- spine of last 6 T and all L vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs and illiaccrest -- intertuberculargroove of humerus

In the upper back, Rectangle shaped -- Main muscle for leg flexion, Leg abductor and lateral rotator, Elevates scapula -- upper spine and occipital bone -- deltoid tuberosity of humerus

In the shoulder area, Trapezoid shaped -- Primary muscle for shoulder abduction, Arm extensor and lateral rotator, Elevates scapula -- cervical and thoracic vertebrae -- olecranon of ulna

The latissimus dorsi muscle is primarily located in the lower back and has a triangular shape. Its main actions include being the prime mover of arm extension, arm adduction, and medial rotation, as well as depressing the scapula. The origin of the latissimus dorsi is the spine of the last 6 thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs, and the iliac crest. The insertion point is the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

Explanation

The latissimus dorsi muscle is primarily located in the lower back and has a triangular shape. Its main actions include being the prime mover of arm extension, arm adduction, and medial rotation, as well as depressing the scapula. The origin of the latissimus dorsi is the spine of the last 6 thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs, and the iliac crest. The insertion point is the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

8. What is the location, action, origin, and insertion of the deltoid muscle?

Forms rounded shoulder -- prime mover of arm abduction, antagonist of pec major and latissimus dorsi, can flex, extend, and rotate arm -- Trapezius, lateral clavicle, and scapula -- Deltoid tuberosity

Location: Quadriceps, Action: Abducts the arm, Origin: Scapula, Insertion: Humerus

Location: Upper back, Action: Flexes the leg, Origin: Sternum, Insertion: Femur

Location: Bicep, Action: Extends the forearm, Origin: Radius, Insertion: Ulna

The deltoid muscle is located in the shoulder region, acts as the prime mover of arm abduction, and has origins in the trapezius, lateral clavicle, and scapula with an insertion point at the deltoid tuberosity. The incorrect answers provided describe other muscle groups and their actions, origins, and insertions which are not relevant to the deltoid muscle.

Explanation

The deltoid muscle is located in the shoulder region, acts as the prime mover of arm abduction, and has origins in the trapezius, lateral clavicle, and scapula with an insertion point at the deltoid tuberosity. The incorrect answers provided describe other muscle groups and their actions, origins, and insertions which are not relevant to the deltoid muscle.

9. What is a common informal greeting?

Bye.

Goodbye.

Hello.

Hi

The correct answer is 'hi.' as it is a commonly used informal greeting.

Explanation

The correct answer is 'hi.' as it is a commonly used informal greeting.

10. What are the functions of rotator cuff muscles and what are the 4 muscles that comprise the rotator cuff (SITS)?

Originate from scapula and their tendons blend with the fibrous capsule of the shoulder joint en route to the humerus, Main function is to reinforce the shoulder capsule to prevent dislocation of the humerus -- Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teresminor, Subscapularis

Main function is to stabilize the hip joint -- Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Maximus, Piriformis, Adductor Magnus.

Originate from the spine and assist in neck movement -- Trapezius, Levator Scapulae, Sternocleidomastoid, Rhomboids.

Originate from the humerus and primarily aid in elbow movement -- Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Biceps, Triceps.

11. What is the location, function, origin, and insertion of the subscapularis muscle?

Superior scapula -- Trapezius muscle, Prime abductor of arm, Stabilizes knee joint -- suprascapular fossa -- Coracoid process of scapula

Anterior scapula -- Rotator cuff muscle, Prime medial rotatorof humerus, Stabilizes shoulder joint -- subscapular fossa -- Lesser tubercle of humerus

Lateral scapula -- Deltoid muscle, Prime flexor of forearm, Stabilizes hip joint -- infraspinous fossa -- Radial tuberosity

Posterior scapula -- Shoulder stabilizer muscle, Prime lateral rotator of humerus, Flexes elbow joint -- supraspinous fossa -- Greater tubercle of humerus

The subscapularis muscle is located in the anterior scapula and is part of the rotator cuff. Its function is as a prime medial rotator of the humerus and it helps stabilize the shoulder joint. The muscle originates from the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus.

Explanation

The subscapularis muscle is located in the anterior scapula and is part of the rotator cuff. Its function is as a prime medial rotator of the humerus and it helps stabilize the shoulder joint. The muscle originates from the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus.

12. Supraspinatus muscle: location, function, origin, insertion.

Middle layer muscle, lateral to spine of scapula -- Rotates the neck, Assists with knee extension -- Infraspinatus fossa -- Lateral greater tubercle.

Deep muscle, superior to spine of scapula -- Stabilizes shoulder joint, Assists with abduction -- supraspinaous fossa -- Superior greater tubercle

Superficial muscle, inferior to spine of scapula -- Flexes the elbow, Assists with hip adduction -- Infraspinatus fossa -- Medial lesser tubercle.

Anterior muscle, superior to clavicle -- Elevates the scapula, Assists with shoulder adduction -- Subscapular fossa -- Medial lesser tubercle.

The correct answer describes the supraspinatus muscle, its location, function, origin, and insertion in detail. The three incorrect answers provide misleading information about other muscles, their locations, functions, origins, and insertions to test the understanding of the supraspinatus muscle specifically.

Explanation

The correct answer describes the supraspinatus muscle, its location, function, origin, and insertion in detail. The three incorrect answers provide misleading information about other muscles, their locations, functions, origins, and insertions to test the understanding of the supraspinatus muscle specifically.

13. Infraspinatous: location, function, origin, insertion

Muscle below clavicle -- Elevates arm, Stabilizes shoulder during throwing -- infraspinatus ridge -- Coracoid process, adjacent to biceps brachii

Superficial muscle superior to spine of scapula -- Flexes arm medially, Releases humerus from joint cavity -- supraspinous fossa -- Lesser tubercle, anterior to infraspinatus

Deep muscle inferior to spine or scapula -- Rotates arm laterally, Holds humerus in joint cavity -- infraspinaous fossa -- Greater tubercle, posterior to supraspinatus

Muscle located in the middle of scapula -- Extends arm, Allows for shoulder abduction -- infraspinatus process -- Deltoid tuberosity, above latissimus dorsi

The correct answer describes the infraspinatous muscle's location, function, origin, and insertion in detail. The incorrect answers provide misinformation about the muscle's location, function, origin, and insertion, leading to an inaccurate understanding of the infraspinatous muscle.

Explanation

The correct answer describes the infraspinatous muscle's location, function, origin, and insertion in detail. The incorrect answers provide misinformation about the muscle's location, function, origin, and insertion, leading to an inaccurate understanding of the infraspinatous muscle.

14. Teres minor: location, function, origin, insertion?

In between infraspinatus and supraspinatus -- Extends arm backward, Stabilizes shoulder joint -- acromion of scapula -- Deltoid tuberosity of humerus in between infraspinatus and supraspinatus insertions

Inferior to infraspinaous -- Rotates arm laterally, Holds humerus in joint cavity -- lateral border of scapula -- Greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion

Posterior to infraspinatus -- Abducts arm laterally, Provides stability to shoulder joint -- supraspinous fossa of scapula -- Intertubercular groove of humerus posterior to infraspinatus insertion

Superior to infraspinatus -- Flexes arm medially, Supports elbow joint -- medial border of scapula -- Greater tubercle of humerus superior to infraspinatus insertion

The teres minor is located inferior to the infraspinatus muscle, rotates the arm laterally, and holds the humerus in the joint cavity. Its origin is the lateral border of the scapula, and its insertion is the Greater tubercle of the humerus inferior to the infraspinatus insertion.

Explanation

The teres minor is located inferior to the infraspinatus muscle, rotates the arm laterally, and holds the humerus in the joint cavity. Its origin is the lateral border of the scapula, and its insertion is the Greater tubercle of the humerus inferior to the infraspinatus insertion.

15. Teres major: location, function, origin, insertion

Anterior to teres minor -- Agonist of LATS, Steadies scapula, Circumduction, Lateral rotation, abduction -- superior border of scapula -- coracoid process

Inferior to teres minor -- Synergistof LATS, Moves humerus, Extension, Medial rotation, adduction -- inferior angle of scapula -- anterior lesser tubercle

Posterior to teres minor -- Antagonist of LATS, Elevates scapula, Flexion, Medial rotation, abduction -- medial border of scapula -- deltoid tuberosity

Superior to teres minor -- Antagonist of LATS, Stabilizes scapula, Flexion, Lateral rotation, abduction -- superior angle of scapula -- posterior greater tubercle

Teres major is located inferior to teres minor and acts as a synergist of the Latissimus Dorsi (LATS) muscle. It functions to move the humerus in extension, medial rotation, and adduction. Its origin is at the inferior angle of the scapula, and its insertion is at the anterior lesser tubercle.

Explanation

Teres major is located inferior to teres minor and acts as a synergist of the Latissimus Dorsi (LATS) muscle. It functions to move the humerus in extension, medial rotation, and adduction. Its origin is at the inferior angle of the scapula, and its insertion is at the anterior lesser tubercle.

16. Serratus anterior: location, function, origin, insertion

Muscle on the inner thigh, responsible for hip flexion

Deep muscle on lateral rib cage, Inferior to pec major --

Muscle in the forearm, involved in wrist extension

Superficial muscle on the back, Superior to pec major

The serratus anterior is a deep muscle located on the lateral rib cage, inferior to the pectoralis major. Its main functions include scapular protraction and stabilization. The origin of the serratus anterior is on the surface of the upper eight ribs, while its insertion is on the medial border of the scapula.

Explanation

The serratus anterior is a deep muscle located on the lateral rib cage, inferior to the pectoralis major. Its main functions include scapular protraction and stabilization. The origin of the serratus anterior is on the surface of the upper eight ribs, while its insertion is on the medial border of the scapula.