Understanding Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

1. What is the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD)?

AD is caused by excess dopamine levels in the brain.

AD is due to a deficiency of acetylcholine neurotransmitter.

AD results from a buildup of amyloid beta plaques, leading to neuronal death.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by the development of neurofibrillary tangles, not excess dopamine levels, amyloid beta plaques, or acetylcholine deficiency. The formation of neurofibrillary tangles disrupts neuronal function and contributes to the progression of the disease.

Explanation

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by the development of neurofibrillary tangles, not excess dopamine levels, amyloid beta plaques, or acetylcholine deficiency. The formation of neurofibrillary tangles disrupts neuronal function and contributes to the progression of the disease.

2. What does neuroimaging provide in terms of examining the brain?

Neuroimaging is primarily used for studying the effects of medication on the brain.

Neuroimaging cannot provide any information about the brain's structure or volume.

Neuroimaging is only useful for diagnosing brain tumors.

Neuroimaging provides valuable information about the brain by allowing for volumetric measurements, disease progression monitoring, exclusion of reversible causes of dementia, and visualization of structures like the hippocampus. It is not limited to diagnosing brain tumors, has the ability to provide structural and volumetric data, and is not solely focused on medication effects.

Explanation

Neuroimaging provides valuable information about the brain by allowing for volumetric measurements, disease progression monitoring, exclusion of reversible causes of dementia, and visualization of structures like the hippocampus. It is not limited to diagnosing brain tumors, has the ability to provide structural and volumetric data, and is not solely focused on medication effects.

3. What is the primary use of CT scan in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease?

CT scan is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.

CT scan is more accurate than MRI in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.

CT scan is primarily used to monitor the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

While CT scan is commonly used as a first-line modality in patients who present with dementia, it is not the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. MRI is generally more useful for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease and monitoring its progression.

Explanation

While CT scan is commonly used as a first-line modality in patients who present with dementia, it is not the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. MRI is generally more useful for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease and monitoring its progression.

4. What is the standard treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD)?

Surgical intervention to remove affected areas of the brain.

Physical therapy to improve cognitive function in patients with AD.

Antibiotics to target the underlying cause of Alzheimer's disease.

The correct treatment for Alzheimer's disease includes cholinesterase inhibitors and partial NMDA antagonists, which provide symptomatic relief but do not prevent disease progression.

Explanation

The correct treatment for Alzheimer's disease includes cholinesterase inhibitors and partial NMDA antagonists, which provide symptomatic relief but do not prevent disease progression.