Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Detailed Quiz

A preganglionic neuron is located in the spinal cord or the brainstem. The axon then travels out into the body, synapsing with the postganglionic neuron at an autonomic ganglion.

The postganglionic neuron's cell body is specifically located in the autonomic ganglion, not within the spinal cord, brain stem, or cerebellum.

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter used in the somatic motor nervous system (SMNS), which controls voluntary muscle movement. It is not primarily used in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), or central nervous system (CNS).

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter primarily associated with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and functions as a stress hormone and neurotransmitter. It plays a key role in the fight-or-flight response and regulation of blood pressure.

In the given neural arrangement, the structures include preganglionic ANS Neuron, SMNS Pathway, ANS Pathway, and Postganglionic Pathway. The incorrect options provided do not correspond to the structures within this specific neural arrangement.

The somatic motor nervous system (SMNS) pathway is a one-neuron pathway, meaning there is only one neuron that directly connects the spinal cord to the effector without any synapses in between.

In the autonomic nervous system (ANS) pathway, there is only one synapse between the spinal cord and the effector, allowing for a rapid and efficient response to stimuli.

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for activating the body's fight-or-flight response, which includes increasing heart rate, strengthening heartbeat, and raising blood pressure to prepare the body for action.

Salivary glands are located in the mouth and produce saliva to help with the digestion process.

The lacrimal glands located in the eyes produce tears to keep the eyes moist and help with vision.

The arrector pili muscles are responsible for forming goosebumps by pulling on hair follicles, causing them to stand upright. This reaction is commonly associated with cold temperatures or emotional arousal.

The adrenal glands are small glands located on top of the kidneys. They are responsible for producing and secreting hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are involved in the body's response to stress.

The autonomic ganglia being close to the spinal cord is a characteristic feature of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

In this scenario, the ganglion of the ANS pathway is actually closer to the spinal cord than the little finger, as it serves as a collection of cell bodies outside the CNS. This proximity allows for efficient communication between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Autonomic reflexes involve a complex pathway that includes a sensory neuron, an association neuron, and activation of either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Tears are produced through the activation of the parasympathetic division nerves, which control activities when the body is at rest, such as digestion and tear production.

A sensory receptor is specifically defined as an organ that responds to stimuli by triggering action potentials on sensory neurons, not as a muscle, brain structure, or hormone.

Somatic receptors are a type of sensory receptor that are located in the skin, muscle, and tendons. They play a crucial role in detecting touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.

Visceral receptors are sensory receptors located in the internal organs, responsible for monitoring various internal functions.

Special receptors refer to sensory receptors that are specialized to respond to specific stimuli in specific locations within the body, such as vision, hearing, taste, and touch.

Mechanoreceptors are sensory receptors that respond to mechanical stimuli such as movement, pressure, and vibration.

Thermoreceptors are specialized sensory receptors that detect changes in temperature and respond to either heat or cold stimuli. They are responsible for sensing temperature changes in the environment and in the body.

Photoreceptors are specialized cells in the retina of the eye that respond to light stimuli and play a crucial role in vision.

Chemoreceptors are specialized sensory receptors that respond to chemicals in the environment, such as those involved in taste and smell.

Nociceptors are specialized sensory receptors that respond to potentially damaging stimuli by sending signals to the brain, resulting in the perception of pain or discomfort. They are an essential part of the body's defense mechanism against harm.

Simple receptors are relatively small in size, allowing them to be distributed more widely over the body to detect various stimuli.

Complex receptors are specialized structures that are responsible for detecting information in the environment. In this case, they are specifically related to the five special senses such as sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing.

The five special senses are taste, smell, hearing, balance, and vision. Each sense plays a crucial role in how we perceive the world around us and interact with our environment.