Advbio M13 Review Questions

Digestion is the process by which the body breaks down food into small molecules that can be absorbed and used for energy and nutrients. It involves both mechanical and chemical processes that occur in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.

Deglutition specifically refers to the act of swallowing, which is different from breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, or eliminating waste.

Peristalsis is the specific muscular movement that aids in the movement of food through the digestive system by contracting and relaxing smooth muscles.

Gastric juice refers to the acidic secretion of the stomach, which aids in digestion by breaking down food components. It is not a hormone produced by the pancreas, an enzyme released by the small intestine, or a substance created in the liver.

Adventitia is a thin layer of loose connective tissue that binds an organ to surrounding tissues or organs. It is not responsible for movement, protection, or secretion of enzymes.

Lumen specifically refers to the hole in the center of a tube, specifically in a medical context. It is not a unit of measurement for brightness, a measure of volume, or a type of fish.

Macronutrients are the nutrients that provide energy and are needed in large quantities for proper body function.

Micronutrients are essential nutrients required by the body in small amounts for various physiological functions. They include vitamins and minerals, which play crucial roles in maintaining health and preventing deficiency-related diseases.

The correct answer is 'a. tongue' as it is part of the digestive system involved in taste sensation and initial food breakdown. The incorrect answers are not part of the digestive system.

The large intestine is commonly referred to as the colon, which plays a crucial role in the digestive system by absorbing water and electrolytes from the indigestible food matter.

The anus is indeed a critical part of the digestive system as it serves as the exit point for waste material from the body.

The sublingual salivary gland is part of the digestive system as it helps in the digestion process by producing saliva.

The submandibular salivary gland is indeed a part of the digestive system as it produces saliva that aids in the digestion process.

The pharynx is a crucial part of the digestive system as it helps in the process of swallowing food and pushing it into the esophagus for further digestion.

The esophagus is a crucial part of the digestive system and the alimentary canal as it plays a key role in pushing food down into the stomach for further digestion. Therefore, it is important to understand its function in the overall digestive process.

The lungs belong to the respiratory system and are responsible for respiration, not digestion.

The liver is indeed a part of the digestive system, but not a direct component of the alimentary canal. It plays essential roles in various functions related to digestion and overall metabolism.

The gall bladder is indeed a part of the digestive system, specifically aiding in the digestion of fats by concentrating and releasing bile into the small intestine.

The rectum is indeed a crucial part of the digestive system as it plays a role in the storage and elimination of waste from the body.

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea and lungs.