1-25
Phasicity but not pulsatility
Continuous flow
Pulsatility but not phasicity
Pulsatility and phasicity
Skip that segment of the vein, it's not important
Exert greater pressure with the transducer
Turn up the overal 2D gain
Move to a more anterior position and compress from behind
Pulsatility with the cardiac cycle
Augmentation with distal compression
Spontaneity
Competence
Transmission
Reflection
Frequency
Refraction
Superficial veins
Deep veins
Perforating veins
Perforating veins
Deep veins of the calf
Lesser saphenous vein
Inferior vena cava
Superficial femoral veins
Iliac veins
Common femoral veins
Popliteal veins
The adjacent artery
The size of the vessel
The lenght of the vessel
The diameter of the vessel
Superficial femoral vein
Anterior tibial vein
Lesser saphenous vein
Popliteal vein
Venous valves
Inspiration
Calf muscle contraction
Expiration
Presence of collaterals
Highly echogenic thrombus in lumen
Presence of "floating" thrombus known as "tail of the dog"
A constricted vein
Vein enlargement
Visualization of echogenic thrombus in the lumen
Absence of color or spectral waveforms
All of the above
Proximal augmentation of the limb
Using the "heel toe" maneuver
Changing the transducer to a lower frequency
Asking the patient to dangle the legs over the side of the bed
Smoking, atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure
Blood stasis, anxiety, and hypocoaguability of blood
Blood stasis, hypercoaguability of blood, and injury to vein walls
All of the aboe
Gentle probe pressure in SAG
Rocking probe pressure in TRV
Repetitive bouncing pressure in SAG
Gentle firm probe pressure in TRV
Pulmonary embolus
Compression of the pelvic veins
Lymphedema
Venous hypertension
Echoes within the vessel lumen
Coaptation of vessel walls
Augmentation of flow with distal compression
All of the above
Between the location of the transducer and the point of augmentation
Between the location of the transducer and the heart
At any point along the path of the vein being imaged
In any of the deep veins of the lower extremity
Lateral, internal iliac vein
Medial, profund vein
Medial, common femoral vein
Lateral, superficial femoral vein
Malignancy
Pregnancy
Recent major surgery
Diabetes
Trauma to the vein
Thrombosis is usually hyperechoic
Collateral veins may be in evidence
The vein's diameter may decrease in size
Augmentation guarantees that no thrombus at all is present
Repeated episodes of DVT
Trauma
Heredity
Hypertension
Removal of the saphenous vein
A heparin dip
Coumadin therapy
Conservative treatment with US follow up
Edema
Brawny skin discoloration
Leg pain
Ulcerations on the toes
All of the above
Edema, brawny skin discoloration, leg pain
Soleal vein
Popliteal vein
Lesser saphenous vein
Gastrocnemius vein
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