ER: Ocular Emergencies

1. An incomplete luxation is called _______.

Subluxation

Luxation Jr.

Miniluxation

Incomplete luxation, duh !

2. In ________, sympathetic impulses to the eye are blocked, resulting in an over balance of parasympathetic supply to the eye.

Horner's syndrome

Addison's disease

Shrodinger's syndrome

Schrimmer's syndrome

3. Corneal lesions are painless.

True

False

They're very painful.

Explanation

They're very painful.

4. Diagnosis of SARD is confirmed with ____.

Electroretinography

Tonometry

Schrimer

Fluorescein

5. ________ is the acute cranial displacement of the eye beyond the orbit and eyelids.

Proptosis

Entropion

Ectropion

Glaucoma

6. Blepharitis is the inflammation of the lid margins.

True

False

Redness, thickening, and often formation of scales, crusts or shallow marginal ulcers.
Treatment is eyelid hygiene and antibiotics.

Explanation

Redness, thickening, and often formation of scales, crusts or shallow marginal ulcers.
Treatment is eyelid hygiene and antibiotics.

7. What is the best treatment option in a patient with proptosis if the optic nerve is ruptured, the eye is ruptured, or more than 3 extraocular muscles are ruptured?

Enucleation

Surgical repositioning of the globe

Eye drops

Euthanasia

8. __ is a result of _ and cell leakage from uveal blood vessels.

Aqueous flare, protein

Viterous flare, protein

Aqueous glare, protein

Call the plumber, water

9. It is okay for patients with hyphema to exercise.

True

False

Avoid it. Lock them up in a straight jacket! No walks! No running! YOU ARE EXILED!

Explanation

Avoid it. Lock them up in a straight jacket! No walks! No running! YOU ARE EXILED!

10. In the presence of cataracts, the pupil appears _______.

White

Black

Red

Clear

11. Horner's syndrome is a result of damaged sympathetic innervation in the eye.

True

False

12. is hemorrhage within the .

Hyphema, anterior chamber

Hyphema, posterior chamber

Glaucoma, cornea

Uveitis, sclera

13. Penetrating and perforating corneal injuries are ___ and must be repaired ASAP. _ must be administered pre and post op.

Surgical emergencies, antibiotics

Regular emergencies, antibiotics

Horrible, love, cake and candies

Surgical emergencies, eye drops

14. Patients with SARD may have complete loss of ______.

Retinal function

Corneal function

Renal function

Brain function

15. Anterior uveitis can be caused by _, , and systemic inflammatory/infectious diseases.

Trauma, neoplasia

Strangulation, hypoplasia

Old age, neoplasia

Santa claus, superman

16. Anterior luxation of the lens is the most damaging.

True

False

Lens pushes into the iris or enters the anterior chamber.

Explanation

Lens pushes into the iris or enters the anterior chamber.

17. Retinal detachment causes acute loss of vision when there is ______.

Complete bilateral detachment

Unilateral detachment

Retinal edema

Retinal inflammation

18. Increased intraocular pressure in a healthy eye results in _____.

Primary glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma

Chronic

Using a tonopen

19. Optic neuritis is usually idiopathic and hard to differentiate from sudden acquired retinal nerve degeneration.

True

False

20. You can see floating particles in the fluid of the anterior chamber when examining a patient with ______.

Aqueous flare

Chamber floatation syndrome

Glaucoma

Ocular flare

21. What is goniodysgenesis?

Abnormalities in the drainage angle

A type of glaucoma

The production of goniodys

A sect that worships Lord Gonios

22. Some diseases + definitions (part 2)

Keratitis

Dermoid cysts

Synechia

Cataract

Nuclear sclerosis

Submit

23. Increased intraocular pressure due to disease or injury to the eye.

Secondary glaucoma

Primary glaucoma

Goniodysgenesis

Narrow-angle glaucoma

24. How do you treat cataracts?

Surgical removal and replacement of the lens

Medication

Surgical repair of the lens

LASER surgery

25. Optic neuritis is the inflammation of the , anywhere from the retina to the __.

Optic nerve, brain stem

Optic nerve, cornea

Ocular muscle, brain stem

Eye, spinal cord

26. What is necessary for the examination of corneal lesions?

Topical anesthesia and sedation

General anesthesia

Light sedation

Mydriatic eye drops

27. ______ is the most common cause of blindness in dogs.

Cataracts

Glaucoma

Hyphema

Conjunctivitis

28. Your patient presented with relaxed ocular muscles with the eye sinking into the orbit. His third eyelid is prominent and upper eyelid is droopy. What do you suspect?

Horner's syndrome

Proptosis

Cherry eye

Epiphora

29. Corneal ulcers can be _ or ___.

Superficial, deep

Congenital, acquired

Hereditary, trauma-related

Acute, chronic

30. If protein is not present in the anterior chamber, the ophthalmoscope's beam is broken apart and the chamber appears _____.

Black

White

Red

Invisible

31. The treatment of uveitis is similar to the treatment of hyphema.

True

False

Treat inflammation and pain + underlying disease.

Explanation

Treat inflammation and pain + underlying disease.

32. What should we avoid when treating anterior lens luxation?

Miotic agents

Mydriatic agents

Artificial tears

Topical antibiotics

Miotic agents will worsen glaucoma.

Explanation

Miotic agents will worsen glaucoma.

33. Definitions.

Exophthalmos

Buphthalmos

Chemosis

Blepharospasm

Lacrimation

Epiphora

Submit

34. Patients with retinal detachment present abnormal _______.

PLR and menace response

Vision and constricted pupils

PLR and blepharospasm

Behavior such as dancing the tango

35. Hyphema is usually accompanied by a moderate to severe _____.

Uveitis

Glaucoma

Cataract

Proptosis

36. Conjunctival lacerations rarely present with damage to other tissue.

True

False

They almost always present with damage to other tissue.

Explanation

They almost always present with damage to other tissue.

37. Conjunctival lacerations/injuries are associated with _______.

Blunt trauma, bite or sharp injuries

Bite or sharp injuries

Bacterial infections

Bite wounds

38. Subconjunctival hemorrhage is common in ______.

Conjunctival lacerations/injuries

Anterior uveitis

Glaucoma

Diabetes

39. Primary anterior lens luxation is an inherited condition in ______.

Terrier breeds

Spaniels

Collies

Boxers

40. What is Pannus?

Superficial vascularization of the cornea with infiltration of granulation tissue

Deep vascularization of the cornea with infiltration of granulation tissue

Superficial vascularization of the uvea with infiltration of granulation tissue

The production of bread

41. SARD is associated with Addison's disease.

True

False

Cushing's.

Explanation

Cushing's.

42. How do you treat superficial corneal ulcers?

Topical antibiotics

Aggressive topical treatment

Surgical repair

You don't treat as they resolve overtime

43. Uveitis is the inflammation of the _______.

Iris and anterior chamber

Cornea and anterior chamber

Iris and posterior chamber

Uvula

44. Lens luxation often causes , _ and corneal damage.

Glaucoma, uveitis

Hyphema, uveitis

Glaucoma, hyphema

Hyphema, proptosis

45. Lid injuries are most commonly caused by _______.

Lacerations and bite wounds

Lacerations and strangulation

Bite and scratch wounds

Being careless with your pet. SHAME ON YOU.

46. Select the signs of anterior uveitis.

Blepharospasm

Aqueous flare

Miotic pupil +/- cloudy cornea (edema)

+/- hyphema

Fibrin in the anterior chamber

Walking into objects

Intense urge to binge eat cake

Submit

47. Patients with SARD do not have _______.

PLR or menace response

Vision

PLR

Menace response

48. What is SARD?

Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration

Sudden Acute Retinal Degeneration

Students Actually Reclining in Desperation

Sudden Acute Retinal Disintegration

49. Select the possible treatments/care of hyphema.

Treat secondary uveitis

Treat underlying causes (Trauma, infection, neoplasia, coagulation)

Monitor intraocular pressure for signs of increase

Eye drops in case of increased IO pressure

Enucleation

Submit

50. What exam should you perform before sedating a patient for corneal lesion examination?

Neuro exam

Fluorescein stain

Preanesthetic bloodwork

Tonometry

51. A pug comes into your clinic presenting with uveitis, blindness, scleral hemorrhage, chemosis, corneal desiccation and ulceration. What do you suspect?

Proptosis

Glaucoma

Entropion

Cataracts

52. Treatment of glaucoma.

Reduce IOP

Topical meds

Injectable meds

Manage

Also treat

Submit

53. SARD often affects ____ female dogs of breeds.

Middle aged to older, smaller

Young, smaller

Middle aged, larger

Older, medium

54. What can be seen in patients with retinal detachment?

Retinal vasculature

Retinal edema

Retinal rupture

Neoplasia

55. What is Horner's syndrome associated with? (Select all that apply)

Brain/thoracic tumors

Spinal cord injury in the neck

Middle ear infections

Viral, immune mediated, or idiopathic neuropathies

Bite wound to the eye

Submit

56. Which muscle is usually damaged in patients with proptosis?

Medial rectus

Lateral rectus

Rectus ocularis

Sternocleidomastoid

57. Cataracts can be caused by injuries or _, but most cataracts in dogs are .

Diabetes, inherited

Diabetes, congenital

Trauma, inherited

Infections, congenital

58. No surgical treatment in conjunctival injuries if the __ are intact. _ are usually prescribed.

Conjunctiva and eye, topical antibiotics

Conjunctiva and eyelid. artificial tears

Eyelid and cornea, anti-inflammatory eye drops

Conjunctiva and eye, artificial tears

59. Some diseases + their definitions.

Ophthalmia

Micophthalmia

Entropion/ectropion

Distichiasis

Hordeolum

Dacrocystitis

Dacroadenitis

Submit

60. Secondary anterior lens luxation is associated with chronic uveitis or glaucoma, _, and _.

Cataracts, trauma

Hyphema, trauma

Blepharospasm, cataracts

The Illuminati, Hollywood

61. Diagnosis of uveitis: IOP is often _. Assessing for underlying conditions involves _, Schrimer's, bloodwork, xrays.

Reduced, Fluroscein

Increased, Fluroscein

Reduced, tonopen

Increased, tonopen

62. Treatment of lid injuries.

Surgery

Avoid

Wound debridement

Pre-post surgery

Cold compress

Submit

63. Your patient presents with blepharospasm, hemorrhagic, purulent ocular discharge, and corneal edema. You saw some neovascularization while examining your patient. What do you suspect?

Corneal injury

Conjunctival injury

Early signs of hyphema

Acute glaucoma

64. Select the signs of chronic glaucoma.

All signs of acute glaucoma visible

Buphthalmos

Corneal striae

Lens sublaxation

Cataracts

Optic nerve atrophy

Submit

65. If glaucoma is not treated immediately, it will result in permanent damage to the _, causing irreversible __.

Optic nerve and retina, blindness

Optic nerve, blindness

Retina blindness

Aqueous humor, intraocular pressure

66. Select the abnormalities that are associated with corneal injuries.

Superficial ulcer

Deep ulcer (Descemetocele)

Complicated/melting ulcer

Penetrating corneal wounds/foreign bodies

Chemical keratitis

Conjunctival lacerations

Submit

67. Check the possible observations of a retinal exam for patients with optic neuritis.

Optic discs out of focus

Blood vessels not clearly delineated

Peripapillary retinal hemorrhage

Loss of optic pit

Swollen nerve

Retinal detachment

Submit

68. Select the causes of conjunctivitis.

Virus/bacteria

Decreased lacrimation

Foreign bodies

Allergies

Eyelid abnormalities

Corneal ulcers

Glaucoma

Irriation

Submit

69. Select the signs of hyphema.

Red eye

Anterior chamber partially/fully filled with fresh, bright red blood

Chronic case: Blood is dark red and a clot may form

Intraocular fibrin, aqueous flare and miotic pupil

No intraocular structures can be identified

Loss of vision

Submit

70. Select the signs of acute glaucoma.

Red painful eye

+/- generalized corneal edema

Mydriasis

Abnormal PLR and menace response

Vision impairment/loss

Cataracts

Optic nerve atrophy

Submit

71. Treatment of corneal injuries.

Superficial ulcer

Deep ulcer

Foreign body

Laceration

Steroids

Submit

72. Lid injuries are associated with.... (Select all that apply)

Swelling

Edema

Hemorrhage

Loss of lid margins

Cleft eyelid

Chemosis

Submit

73. Select the causes of retinal detachment.

Systemic inflammatory/infectious diseases

Intraocular neoplasia

Hypertension

Bleeding disorders

Severe trauma

Hypotension

Increased IOP

Submit

Er: Ocular Emergencies

1. An incomplete luxation is called _______.

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. In ________, sympathetic impulses to the eye are blocked, resulting in an over balance of parasympathetic supply to the eye.

3. Corneal lesions are painless.

4. Diagnosis of SARD is confirmed with ____.

5. ________ is the acute cranial displacement of the eye beyond the orbit and eyelids.

6. Blepharitis is the inflammation of the lid margins.

7. What is the best treatment option in a patient with proptosis if the optic nerve is ruptured, the eye is ruptured, or more than 3 extraocular muscles are ruptured?

8. ______ is a result of _____ and cell leakage from uveal blood vessels.

9. It is okay for patients with hyphema to exercise.

10. In the presence of cataracts, the pupil appears _______.

11. Horner's syndrome is a result of damaged sympathetic innervation in the eye.

12. ______ is hemorrhage within the ______ .

13. Penetrating and perforating corneal injuries are _______ and must be repaired ASAP. _____ must be administered pre and post op.

14. Patients with SARD may have complete loss of ______.

15. Anterior uveitis can be caused by _______, ______, and systemic inflammatory/infectious diseases.

16. Anterior luxation of the lens is the most damaging.

17. Retinal detachment causes acute loss of vision when there is ______.

18. Increased intraocular pressure in a healthy eye results in _____.

19. Optic neuritis is usually idiopathic and hard to differentiate from sudden acquired retinal nerve degeneration.

20. You can see floating particles in the fluid of the anterior chamber when examining a patient with ______.

21. What is goniodysgenesis?

22. Some diseases + definitions (part 2)

23. Increased intraocular pressure due to disease or injury to the eye.

24. How do you treat cataracts?

25. Optic neuritis is the inflammation of the ____, anywhere from the retina to the ______.

26. What is necessary for the examination of corneal lesions?

27. ______ is the most common cause of blindness in dogs.

28. Your patient presented with relaxed ocular muscles with the eye sinking into the orbit. His third eyelid is prominent and upper eyelid is droopy. What do you suspect?

29. Corneal ulcers can be _____ or _______.

30. If protein is not present in the anterior chamber, the ophthalmoscope's beam is broken apart and the chamber appears _____.

31. The treatment of uveitis is similar to the treatment of hyphema.

32. What should we avoid when treating anterior lens luxation?

33. Definitions.

34. Patients with retinal detachment present abnormal _______.

35. Hyphema is usually accompanied by a moderate to severe _____.

36. Conjunctival lacerations rarely present with damage to other tissue.

37. Conjunctival lacerations/injuries are associated with _______.

38. Subconjunctival hemorrhage is common in ______.

39. Primary anterior lens luxation is an inherited condition in ______.

40. What is Pannus?

41. SARD is associated with Addison's disease.

42. How do you treat superficial corneal ulcers?

43. Uveitis is the inflammation of the _______.

44. Lens luxation often causes ______, _______ and corneal damage.

45. Lid injuries are most commonly caused by _______.

46. Select the signs of anterior uveitis.

47. Patients with SARD do not have _______.

48. What is SARD?

49. Select the possible treatments/care of hyphema.

50. What exam should you perform before sedating a patient for corneal lesion examination?

51. A pug comes into your clinic presenting with uveitis, blindness, scleral hemorrhage, chemosis, corneal desiccation and ulceration. What do you suspect?

52. Treatment of glaucoma.

53. SARD often affects ________ female dogs of ____ breeds.

54. What can be seen in patients with retinal detachment?

55. What is Horner's syndrome associated with? (Select all that apply)

56. Which muscle is usually damaged in patients with proptosis?

57. Cataracts can be caused by injuries or _____, but most cataracts in dogs are ____.

58. No surgical treatment in conjunctival injuries if the ______ are intact. _____ are usually prescribed.

59. Some diseases + their definitions.

60. Secondary anterior lens luxation is associated with chronic uveitis or glaucoma, _____, and _____.

61. Diagnosis of uveitis: IOP is often _____. Assessing for underlying conditions involves _____, Schrimer's, bloodwork, xrays.

62. Treatment of lid injuries.

63. Your patient presents with blepharospasm, hemorrhagic, purulent ocular discharge, and corneal edema. You saw some neovascularization while examining your patient. What do you suspect?

64. Select the signs of chronic glaucoma.

65. If glaucoma is not treated immediately, it will result in permanent damage to the _____, causing irreversible ______.

66. Select the abnormalities that are associated with corneal injuries.

67. Check the possible observations of a retinal exam for patients with optic neuritis.

68. Select the causes of conjunctivitis.

69. Select the signs of hyphema.

70. Select the signs of acute glaucoma.

71. Treatment of corneal injuries.

72. Lid injuries are associated with.... (Select all that apply)

73. Select the causes of retinal detachment.

8. __ is a result of _ and cell leakage from uveal blood vessels.

12. is hemorrhage within the .

13. Penetrating and perforating corneal injuries are ___ and must be repaired ASAP. _ must be administered pre and post op.

15. Anterior uveitis can be caused by _, , and systemic inflammatory/infectious diseases.

25. Optic neuritis is the inflammation of the , anywhere from the retina to the __.

29. Corneal ulcers can be _ or ___.

44. Lens luxation often causes , _ and corneal damage.

53. SARD often affects ____ female dogs of breeds.

57. Cataracts can be caused by injuries or _, but most cataracts in dogs are .

58. No surgical treatment in conjunctival injuries if the __ are intact. _ are usually prescribed.

60. Secondary anterior lens luxation is associated with chronic uveitis or glaucoma, _, and _.

61. Diagnosis of uveitis: IOP is often _. Assessing for underlying conditions involves _, Schrimer's, bloodwork, xrays.

65. If glaucoma is not treated immediately, it will result in permanent damage to the _, causing irreversible __.