Environmental Chemistry 9 - Practice Quiz
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Circles O = multiple choice
Squares [ ] = choose multiple answers
READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What can indicate healthy levels of chemicals in the water?
- A.
PH lower than 5
- B.
PH higher than 5.6
- C.
Dissolved oxygen higher than 5
- D.
High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus
Correct Answer(s)
B. PH higher than 5.6
C. Dissolved oxygen higher than 5Explanation
Healthy levels of chemicals in the water can be indicated by a pH higher than 5.6 and dissolved oxygen higher than 5. A pH higher than 5.6 suggests that the water is not too acidic, which is important for aquatic life. Dissolved oxygen higher than 5 indicates that there is enough oxygen in the water to support aquatic organisms. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, on the other hand, can indicate pollution and an imbalance in the ecosystem, which is not indicative of healthy water.Rate this question:
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- 2.
2 biological indicators are...
- A.
PH level and invertebrates
- B.
Microbiological and aquatic invertebrates
- C.
PH level and acidity
- D.
None
Correct Answer
B. Microbiological and aquatic invertebratesExplanation
The correct answer is microbiological and aquatic invertebrates. Biological indicators are used to assess the health and quality of an ecosystem. Microbiological indicators, such as bacteria and fungi, can provide information about the overall microbial activity and health of an environment. Aquatic invertebrates, such as insects and crustaceans, are also important indicators as they are sensitive to changes in water quality and can provide insights into the ecological condition of a water body. Therefore, these two indicators are commonly used to monitor and assess the biological health of ecosystems.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which is the fourth factor that can affect dissolved oxygen levels in water?1. Turbulence2. Temperature3. Number of organisms4. ???
- A.
Density of dissolved minerals can affect the concentration of the oxygen levels
- B.
Amount of dissolved CO2
- C.
PH level
- D.
Photosynthesis from plants
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. Photosynthesis from plantsExplanation
Photosynthesis from plants is the fourth factor that can affect dissolved oxygen levels in water. During photosynthesis, plants release oxygen as a byproduct, increasing the oxygen levels in the water. This process is crucial for maintaining a healthy balance of dissolved oxygen in aquatic ecosystems.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Livable Dose 50 is what it takes to kill 50% of a set amount of population by a toxin.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because the Livable Dose 50 (LD50) is not the amount of a toxin required to kill 50% of a population, but rather the dose that is lethal to 50% of the test subjects or organisms exposed to the toxin. It is a measure of toxicity, not lethality.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is so special about:MercuryCopperLeadZincCadmiumNickel
- A.
The density is 5g/cubic cm (heavy metals)
- B.
They weigh the water down
- C.
It is a toxic metal
- D.
The density is 5mg/cubic cm (heavy metals)
Correct Answer
A. The density is 5g/cubic cm (heavy metals)Explanation
These metals, including Mercury, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Cadmium, and Nickel, are special because they have a density of 5g/cubic cm, which classifies them as heavy metals. This means that they are denser than most other metals and have a relatively high weight compared to their volume. This property makes them useful in various applications, such as in construction, electrical wiring, and batteries. However, it is important to note that some of these metals, like Lead and Cadmium, are also toxic and can pose health risks if not handled properly.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is a scrubber?
- A.
It uses limestone neutralize chemicals
- B.
It is used to reduce emissions
- C.
It uses limestone to "clean" the SO2
- D.
It uses limestone to filter the CO2
Correct Answer
C. It uses limestone to "clean" the SO2Explanation
A scrubber is a device that uses limestone to "clean" the SO2. Limestone is used as a neutralizing agent to remove and neutralize the sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions produced by industrial processes or power plants. The scrubber system sprays a mixture of water and limestone into the flue gas, causing a chemical reaction that converts the SO2 into a harmless compound. This helps to reduce emissions and minimize the environmental impact of the industrial activities.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What are the 5 purposes of water?
- A.
Recreation, Drinking water, Irrigation, Protect aquatic life, and livestock drinking water.
- B.
Cleansing, Recreation, Drinking water, Irrigation, other uses
- C.
Energy, Cleansing, Drinking water, recreation, irrigation
- D.
Cleansing, Drinking water, aquatic life, livestock drinking water, energy
Correct Answer
A. Recreation, Drinking water, Irrigation, Protect aquatic life, and livestock drinking water.Explanation
The correct answer includes the purposes of water such as recreation, drinking water, irrigation, protecting aquatic life, and providing water for livestock. These purposes highlight the various ways in which water is utilized, from providing leisure activities to sustaining life and supporting agriculture.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which is worse?
- A.
Greenhouse effect
- B.
Enhanced greenhouse effect
Correct Answer
B. Enhanced greenhouse effectExplanation
The enhanced greenhouse effect is worse than the greenhouse effect because it refers to the increased trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. This leads to a significant increase in greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, which causes a rise in global temperatures and contributes to climate change. The enhanced greenhouse effect has more severe consequences for the environment, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and loss of biodiversity.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which three are the stages that transport substances through the air?
- A.
Release
- B.
Deposition
- C.
Dispersion
- D.
Evaporation
Correct Answer(s)
A. Release
B. Deposition
C. DispersionExplanation
The three stages that transport substances through the air are release, deposition, and dispersion. Release refers to the initial process of substances being emitted into the air, such as through industrial activities or natural sources. Deposition occurs when these substances settle or are deposited onto surfaces, such as the ground or buildings. Dispersion refers to the spreading or scattering of these substances through the air, often influenced by factors like wind patterns or atmospheric conditions. These three stages work together to facilitate the movement and distribution of substances in the air.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which 4 factors affect the distribution of chemicals in the air?
- A.
Air quality
- B.
Wind speed
- C.
Chemical Properties
- D.
Wind direction
- E.
Temperature
- F.
Precipitation
Correct Answer(s)
B. Wind speed
C. Chemical Properties
D. Wind direction
F. PrecipitationExplanation
The distribution of chemicals in the air is affected by four factors: wind speed, chemical properties, wind direction, and precipitation. Wind speed determines how quickly the chemicals can disperse in the air. Chemical properties influence how the chemicals behave and react in the atmosphere. Wind direction determines the direction in which the chemicals will be carried. Precipitation, such as rain or snow, can remove chemicals from the air through wet deposition. These factors collectively play a crucial role in determining the spatial and temporal distribution of chemicals in the atmosphere.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which ones are correct?
- A.
Permeable means substances can move easily through it
- B.
Permeable means that certain substances can move through
- C.
Permeable means that nothing can pass through
- D.
Impermeable means that it is very difficult or can barely pass through it
Correct Answer(s)
A. Permeable means substances can move easily through it
D. Impermeable means that it is very difficult or can barely pass through itExplanation
Permeable refers to a substance or material that allows substances to move through it easily. On the other hand, impermeable means that a substance or material is very difficult to pass through or barely allows anything to pass through it.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Leachate is the combination of a liquid and the substance it moves along.When does this occur?
- A.
Dissolving in water
- B.
Reducing the concentration of a substance
- C.
Transporting water in soil
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. Transporting water in soilExplanation
Leachate occurs when water moves along with a substance, transporting it in soil. This process involves the combination of a liquid (water) and the substance being transported. The other options, dissolving in water and reducing the concentration of a substance, do not fully capture the concept of leachate, which specifically refers to the movement of water and substances in soil. Therefore, the correct answer is "Transporting water in soil."Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which five processes are used to decrease the concentration of chemicals in an environment?
- A.
Dilution
- B.
Diffusion
- C.
Dispersion
- D.
Biodegrade
- E.
Deposition
- F.
Photolysis
- G.
Phytoremediation
- H.
PH level flux
Correct Answer(s)
A. Dilution
C. Dispersion
D. Biodegrade
F. Photolysis
G. PhytoremediationExplanation
The five processes used to decrease the concentration of chemicals in an environment are dilution, dispersion, biodegrade, photolysis, and phytoremediation. Dilution refers to the process of adding more solvent to decrease the concentration of a chemical. Dispersion is the spreading out of a chemical in a medium. Biodegradation involves the breakdown of chemicals by living organisms. Photolysis is the decomposition of a chemical by light. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove or neutralize pollutants from the environment. These processes work together to reduce the concentration of chemicals and mitigate their harmful effects.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Hydrolysis is used to break down substances using water AND can be used in biodegrading to get carbon for carbohydrates and proteins.THIS CAN BE USED IN OUR BODIES...
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that involves breaking down substances using water. In biodegrading, hydrolysis can be used to obtain carbon for the synthesis of carbohydrates and proteins. This process is essential in our bodies as it helps in the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones that can be easily absorbed and utilized by cells. Therefore, the statement "Hydrolysis is used to break down substances using water and can be used in biodegrading to get carbon for carbohydrates and proteins. This can be used in our bodies" is true.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What are four ways that water moves through soil?
- A.
Groundwater
- B.
Evaporate
- C.
Biodegrading
- D.
Runoff
- E.
Absorb
- F.
Pores
- G.
Rivers and streams
- H.
Leachate
Correct Answer(s)
B. Evaporate
D. Runoff
E. Absorb
H. LeachateExplanation
Water moves through soil in four ways: evaporating into the atmosphere, running off the surface, being absorbed by plants and other organisms, and leaching through the soil layers.Rate this question:
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- 16.
How can substances be transported into surface water?
- A.
Precipitation, Condensation, Snow
- B.
Air, Groundwater, Runoff, Outflow
- C.
Precipitation, Groundwater, Rivers, Streams, and Lakes
Correct Answer
B. Air, Groundwater, Runoff, OutflowExplanation
Substances can be transported into surface water through various means. One way is through the air, where pollutants from industrial emissions or agricultural activities can be carried by wind and deposited into water bodies. Groundwater, which is water that is stored underground, can also transport substances into surface water through natural flow or human activities such as leaking septic systems or underground storage tanks. Runoff, which is the water that flows over the land surface after rainfall or snowmelt, can carry substances like fertilizers, pesticides, or sediment into surface water. Outflow refers to the discharge of water from a lake or reservoir, which can transport substances that were present in the water body.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Flow of water is better when substances are more dissolved or have higher concentration.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Flow of water is better when substances are more dissolved. This means that it is less concentrated.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which affect the rate of biodegration?
- A.
Temperature
- B.
Soil moisture
- C.
PH levels
- D.
Neutrality
- E.
Nutrient Availability
- F.
Amount of bacteria
- G.
Oxygen
Correct Answer(s)
A. Temperature
B. Soil moisture
C. PH levels
E. Nutrient Availability
G. OxygenExplanation
The rate of biodegradation is influenced by various factors, including temperature, soil moisture, pH levels, nutrient availability, and oxygen. Temperature affects the activity of microorganisms involved in the degradation process, with higher temperatures generally increasing their metabolic rate. Soil moisture is important as it provides the necessary water for microorganisms to function properly. pH levels influence the activity of enzymes involved in biodegradation, with different enzymes being active at different pH ranges. Nutrient availability is crucial as microorganisms require specific nutrients to carry out biodegradation. Oxygen is necessary for aerobic biodegradation, which is the most common type. Overall, these factors collectively determine the rate at which organic materials can be broken down by microorganisms.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Do bioreactors affect the biodegration rate?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Bioreactors are designed to optimize and control the conditions for biological processes, including biodegradation. By providing the ideal environment, such as temperature, pH, and nutrient levels, bioreactors can enhance the rate of biodegradation. They create a favorable condition for microorganisms to thrive and break down organic matter efficiently. Therefore, it is true that bioreactors can affect the biodegradation rate.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Planting vegetation will help biodegration because there will be a larger population of bacteria.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Planting vegetation can indeed help biodegradation because it provides a larger population of bacteria. Vegetation acts as a source of organic matter, which serves as food for bacteria. Bacteria play a crucial role in breaking down organic materials through the process of biodegradation. When there is a larger population of bacteria, they can more efficiently break down organic matter, leading to faster and more effective biodegradation. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The previous two questions talk about more things that may affect biodegration rate....
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Bioreactors and planting vegetation increase the biodegration rate.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Why are chlorofluorocarbons harmful?
- A.
One bromine atom can remove 10,000 nitrogen atoms from the air we breath.
- B.
They can destroy the greenhouse gases that keeps us warm.
- C.
They can destroy the ozone layer because of the bromine and chlorine.
- D.
They destroy the ozone layer because of the fluoride, carbon, and chlorine.
Correct Answer
C. They can destroy the ozone layer because of the bromine and chlorine.Explanation
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are harmful because they contain bromine and chlorine, which can destroy the ozone layer. When CFCs are released into the atmosphere, they can reach the stratosphere where they are broken down by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, releasing chlorine and bromine atoms. These atoms then react with ozone molecules, breaking them apart and depleting the ozone layer. The destruction of the ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, which can have harmful effects on human health, ecosystems, and climate.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Choose the greenhouse gases.
- A.
Thick ozone layer.
- B.
Ground level ozones.
- C.
Sulfur Dioxide.
- D.
Carbon Monoxide.
- E.
Hydrogen Sulfide.
- F.
Nitrogen Dioxide.
Correct Answer(s)
B. Ground level ozones.
C. Sulfur Dioxide.
D. Carbon Monoxide.
F. Nitrogen Dioxide.Explanation
The correct answer includes ground level ozones, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide. These gases are considered greenhouse gases because they have the ability to trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming. Ground level ozones are formed through the reaction of sunlight with pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Sulfur dioxide is emitted from burning fossil fuels containing sulfur, such as coal and oil. Carbon monoxide is produced from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Nitrogen dioxide is primarily emitted from burning fossil fuels, motor vehicle exhaust, and power plants.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The processes for hazardous household chemicals in order to be approved applies to mainly the ________ and contains information about the inte________, physi________ and ________ properties, and ing________.
Correct Answer(s)
supplier
nded use, nt, ntion
cal
chemical
redientsExplanation
The processes for hazardous household chemicals in order to be approved applies to mainly the supplier and contains information about the intended use, physical and chemical properties, and ingredients.Rate this question:
- 25.
Relating to the previous question, information of in________, safety ________, health, environmental, and toxicity ________, and first ________ instructions.
Correct Answer(s)
structions, struction
precautions
effects, to humans
aidExplanation
The previous question mentioned the need for information regarding safety, health, environmental, and toxicity. The word "instructions" is mentioned twice, indicating that it is the correct answer for the first blank. The word "struction" is likely a typographical error, as it does not make sense in the context of the sentence. The word "precautions" fits logically in the sentence as it relates to safety. The phrase "effects, to humans" suggests that the information should pertain to the impact on human health. The word "aid" does not fit the context of the sentence and is likely an incorrect option. Therefore, the correct answer is "structions, precautions, effects, to humans."Rate this question:
- 26.
Material Safety Data Sheets include:
- A.
WHIMS labels
- B.
Proper Composition
- C.
Age ratings
- D.
Transport and storing
- E.
Precautions
- F.
Instructions
Correct Answer(s)
B. Proper Composition
D. Transport and storing
E. PrecautionsExplanation
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) provide important information about the properties, hazards, and safe handling procedures of a particular substance. The correct answer includes three key components of an MSDS. "Proper Composition" refers to the detailed information about the chemical composition of the substance, including its ingredients and their concentrations. "Transport and storing" provides guidance on how to safely transport, store, and handle the substance to prevent accidents or spills. "Precautions" section outlines the necessary safety measures and personal protective equipment that should be used when working with the substance. Age ratings and WHIMS labels are not typically included in MSDS.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Mix HHCs and it's okay to put them in other containers.This is a good way of transporting them.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Mixing hazardous household chemicals (HHCs) and putting them in other containers is not a good way of transporting them. It is important to handle and transport HHCs with caution due to their potential hazards. Mixing different chemicals can lead to unexpected reactions and increase the risk of accidents, such as fires, explosions, or the release of toxic fumes. Additionally, transferring HHCs to improper containers can result in leaks or spills, which can further contribute to safety hazards. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 28.
You can risk contaminating soil and water if you put HHCs in the drain, soil, or garbage.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Putting hazardous household chemicals (HHCs) in the drain, soil, or garbage can indeed risk contaminating the soil and water. HHCs can contain toxic substances that can seep into the soil and leach into groundwater, leading to pollution and potential harm to the environment and human health. Proper disposal methods should be followed for HHCs to prevent these risks, such as taking them to designated collection centers or following local guidelines for safe disposal.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Sanitary land fills use ________ because it is im________.
Correct Answer
clay, packed clay, clay packed, hard clay
permeableExplanation
Sanitary landfills use clay because it is permeable. Clay has a low permeability, meaning it does not allow liquids to easily pass through it. This is important in sanitary landfills as it helps to contain and prevent the leakage of potentially harmful substances, such as leachate, into the surrounding environment. Clay acts as a barrier, effectively trapping and containing the waste within the landfill. Additionally, packed clay or hard clay further enhances this impermeability, making it an ideal choice for landfill liners and covers.Rate this question:
- 30.
Hydrocarbons are bad because...
- A.
They do not break down easily.
- B.
They contribute in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions.
- C.
They can easily accumulate.
- D.
They are toxic to plants and animals and humans.
Correct Answer(s)
A. They do not break down easily.
C. They can easily accumulate.
D. They are toxic to plants and animals and humans.Explanation
Hydrocarbons are considered bad for several reasons. Firstly, they do not break down easily, which means they can persist in the environment for a long time, leading to pollution and potential harm to ecosystems. Additionally, hydrocarbons contribute to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions, which are greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. Moreover, hydrocarbons can easily accumulate, posing a risk to both the environment and human health. Lastly, they are toxic to plants, animals, and humans, causing various health issues and potentially disrupting ecosystems.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Know how the greenhouse effect works and what occurs....- Radiation enters- Some reflects back out- It gets absorbed/reflected by the earth- Some is radiated back out, some is reflected in to stay.- Greenhouse gases aid in this process.- Global warming.
- A.
Remember this diagram for the test....
- B.
Click this to confirm....
Correct Answer(s)
A. Remember this diagram for the test....
B. Click this to confirm.... -
- 32.
Find the six chemical factors that are most commonly used as water quality indicators.
- A.
Acidity (pH)
- B.
Types of fish and plants
- C.
Dissolved Oxygen levels
- D.
Plant nutrients
- E.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus levels
- F.
Salts
- G.
Heavy Metals
- H.
Pesticides
Correct Answer(s)
A. Acidity (pH)
C. Dissolved Oxygen levels
D. Plant nutrients
F. Salts
G. Heavy Metals
H. PesticidesExplanation
The given answer includes the six chemical factors that are commonly used as water quality indicators. Acidity (pH) is important as it affects the overall balance of aquatic ecosystems. Dissolved oxygen levels indicate the amount of oxygen available for aquatic organisms. Plant nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, are essential for the growth of aquatic plants. Salts can affect the osmoregulation of aquatic organisms. Heavy metals can be toxic to aquatic life and indicate pollution. Pesticides can also be harmful to aquatic organisms and indicate contamination.Rate this question:
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- 33.
As chemicals are transferred throughout the food chain, the chemical's concentration will increase. This is because the amount of chemicals are multiplied as animals eat more of the other animals that carry the chemical. This is known as:
- A.
Bioaccumulation
- B.
Bioconcentration
- C.
Biomagnification
- D.
Biochemical Deposition
Correct Answer
C. BiomagnificationExplanation
As animals consume other animals in the food chain, the chemicals they contain accumulate in their bodies. This is known as biomagnification. The concentration of the chemicals increases at each level of the food chain because animals at higher trophic levels consume larger amounts of prey, resulting in a higher accumulation of chemicals. This process can lead to higher concentrations of harmful substances in top predators, posing risks to their health and the overall ecosystem.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jan 13, 2016Quiz Created by
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