EKG Boards Review

The correct answer is "NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM BUT SLOW HEART RATE OF LESS THAN 60 BPM". Sinus bradycardia refers to a condition where the heart rate is slower than normal (less than 60 beats per minute) but maintains a regular rhythm. This can be caused by factors such as certain medications, underlying heart conditions, or increased vagal tone. It is important to monitor and evaluate the underlying cause of sinus bradycardia to determine appropriate treatment.

The correct answer is ATRIA and VENTRICLES. The atria are the two upper chambers of the heart, responsible for receiving blood from the body and lungs. The ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart, responsible for pumping blood out to the body and lungs. The other terms mentioned in the question, such as septum, tricuspid, and pericardial, are not chambers of the heart but rather refer to other structures or components of the heart.

The SA node, AV node, and Bundle of His are all located in the right atrium of the heart. Leads V1 and V2 are placed on the right side of the heart and provide a view of the electrical activity in this area. Therefore, these leads can be used to visualize the SA node, AV node, and Bundle of His.

The correct answer is 100-160 BEATS. Sinus tachycardia refers to a faster than normal heart rate originating from the sinus node. A normal sinus rhythm typically falls within the range of 60-100 beats per minute. In the case of sinus tachycardia, the heart rate is elevated but still within a relatively normal range, specifically between 100-160 beats per minute.

The correct answer is "HEART ACTION, BLOOD VOLUME, RESISTANCE TO BLOOD FLOW, VISCOSITY OF THE BLOOD, ALL OF THE ABOVE." These four factors are known to affect blood pressure. The heart's pumping action determines the force at which blood is pushed through the arteries, thus impacting blood pressure. Blood volume refers to the amount of blood in the body, and an increase in blood volume can lead to higher blood pressure. Resistance to blood flow occurs when the arteries are narrowed or constricted, making it harder for blood to flow through, resulting in increased blood pressure. Viscosity of the blood refers to its thickness or resistance to flow, and higher viscosity can contribute to higher blood pressure. Therefore, all of these factors play a role in determining blood pressure levels.

The correct answer explains that in atrial flutter, the SA node sends signals rapidly at a rate of 250-350 beats per minute, which is faster than the AV node can keep up with. This results in several saw-tooth P-waves on the ECG. Occasionally, QRS complexes may be seen, but not consistently. Therefore, all of the above options are correct in describing atrial flutter.

The correct answer is "ALL OF THE ABOVE". Atrial fibrillation is a condition characterized by rapid and irregular heartbeats, ranging from 350 to 600 beats per minute. This rapid rate leads to ineffective contractions of the atria, which can result in a small number of impulses reaching the ventricles. If left untreated, atrial fibrillation can be life-threatening. Therefore, all of the symptoms mentioned in the question are associated with atrial fibrillation.

This answer is correct because leads V3 and V4 provide a view of the heart's right and left bundle branches, as well as the top of the interventricular septum. These leads are typically placed on the anterior chest wall and provide a specific perspective on the electrical activity and conduction system of the heart.

Atrial tachycardia is characterized by a rapid heart rate, with the atria depolarizing during ventricular repolarization. In this condition, the SA node is no longer the dominant pacemaker, meaning that it is not controlling the heart rate as it should. Atrial tachycardia is an intermittent problem that often ends abruptly. The heart rate during atrial tachycardia typically falls within the range of 160-250 beats per minute.

The correct answer is "OVER LEFT VENTRICLE, VIEW OF THE APEX POINT OF THE HEART, LOWEST POINT OF THE HEART." This answer accurately describes the location and view of the apex point of the heart, which is the lowest point of the heart, as seen in leads V5 and V6.