Death: Part 1

1. The Magna Carta was drawn up in

France

England

Italy

Germany

2. The Albigensian heresy was viciously attacked and brutally crushed by the church because

The movement antagonized local nobles, and clerics sought to gain favor with them by killing the heretics.

Many cardinals took up its beliefs

Sympathizers with the movement lived throughout Christendom

3. "Lay investiture" refers to the process by which

Secular lords took a decisive role in choosing prelates for all types of church offices.

Worthy lay people were educated for high office by the church.

Clerics guilty of high crimes were imprisoned in noble castles.

Lords were selected by clerics to become chivalric defenders of the church.

4. How many Europeans died within the first five years of the Black Death?

25–50%

75–90%

5–15%

15–20%

5. The Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas

Raised questions concerning theology and solved them by the dialectical method.

Rejected the scholastic method of dialectical reasoning.

Suggested that truths derived by reason were far inferior to those derived by faith.

Preached for an acceptance of homosexuality when most members of the church condemned it.

6. The main avenue of transmission for the Black Death was

Eurasian trade routes

Timur's armies

Ottomon Armies

Portuguese mariners in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans

7. A key economic consequence of the plague was

The rapid expansion of European civic banking to rebuild industry.

The more frequent bankruptcy of monarchs as they emptied their treasuries trying to provide poor relief.

The very slow enrichment of middling peasant laborers who began to dominate rural communities.

8. The "agricultural revolution" of the High Middle Ages

Caused little change in the forested areas of Europe

Was in part brought about by a change from the two-field to the three-field system

Led to the demise of the cooperative agrictultural villages

Was in large part due to the development of the aratum, an iron ploughshare

9. In medieval thought, women were considered

Equal to men in most things, but still inferior

By nature subservient and lesser beings than men

And equal partner of men in theory, but now in practice

Totally evil and in need of discipline

10. The rulers of the Russian lands looked to _____ for their religious and political models.

Rome

Byzantium

Paris

China

11. The Albigensians believed

In a dualism between good spiritual things and evil material ones.

That the Waldensians and Cathars were the emissaries of Satan.

That the Catholic church was the proper institution for all Christians.

That procreation helped free the soul from earthly bondage.

12. Which of the following statements best describes the Mongols’ legacy in world history?

They forced conversion of much of India to Islam.

They encouraged extensive cross-cultural contacts and long-distance trade.

They diffused Western European technology to China.

They incorporated Japan into the Middle Kingdom.

13. In Europe, many attributed the Black Death to:

Islamic magic

Amerindian diseases that spread to Europe

God's anger with humankind

Vikings raids spreading new illnesses

14. Frederick II of Hohenstaufen

Was a dynamic man, but allowed his kingdom to fall into chaos by leading military ventures in Italy.

Was considered incompetent by his contemporaries.

Was a brilliant scholar who wrote treatises on political philosophy.

Was perhaps the greatest military leader of the Middle Ages.

15. The Christian scholar who sought to show that everything gradually converged to prove that Christianity was the only religion that fully met the aspirations of all rational human beings was

Averroes

Thomas Aquinas

Augustine of Hippo

Francis of Assisi

16. The chief ambition of the Venetian city-state in the fourteenth century was

Financial control of the Holy Roman Empire.

Inducing the bankruptcy of the papacy.

A policy of expansion to create a maritime commercial empire throughout the Mediterranean and Black seas.

Monopolizing the shipping of English wool to Flanders.

17. The percentage of the European population believed to have been wiped out by the Black Death was

Ten to twenty

Twenty-five to fifty

Fifty to sixty

Over seventy-five

18. Zhu Di, also known as the Yongle Emperor of the Ming dynasty, is associated with which one of the following?

Construction of the Forbidden City

Founding the Ming dynasty

Overthrowing the Yuan dynasty

Introducing Islam to China

19. The village church

Was very harsh in its condemnation of pagan practices

Competed with pagan religions for converts

Outlawed economic pursuits on its grounds

20. Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095

Promised remissions of sins for joining the crusades to recapture the Holy Land.

Appointed Peter the Hermit as leader of the crusades.

Urged the destruction of all Jewish settlements on the crusaders' way to the Holy Land.

All of the above

21. The Black Death was most devastating in

Italy

Germany

Eastern Europe

Scandinavia

22. The Islamic leader during the "Crusades" Usama ibn Munqidh:

Thought that the Franks were militarily inept and cowardly

Socialized with his Frankish neighbors

Admired the medical practices of the Franks

Was stunned that the Franks placed such severe restrictions on wives and daughters

23. The chief accomplishment of the Council of Constance (1414- 1418) was

To set the earliest conditions for ending the Great Schism.

To order the sack of Rome by French forces.

To support biblical scholarship revealing clear support in scripture for multiple popes.

24. The Ming emperor known for avoiding any involvement in administering his realm in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was _____.

Aurangzeb

Wanli

Li Zicheng

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

25. The sacramental system of the Catholic church

Would not be clearly defined until the fifteenth century

Made the church an integral part of the people's lives from birth to death

Was deemed unnecessary as part of salvation by the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215.

Made the weekly reception of the Eucharist mandatory for all Christians.

26. Dante's Divine Comedy

Is considered a synthesis of medieval Christian thought.

Was one of the last fourteenth-century works to be written in Latin.

Lashed out at the "barbarity" of the classical tradition.

Attacked the science of Aristotle, the Holy Roman Emperor, and the Catholic church.

27. The revolution in sea travel was aided by:

Merchants immediately switching from land routes to sea routes to take advantages of cheaper transportation costs.

The Chinese invention of the needle compass.

Political authorities who provided protection to merchant fleets.

The ability of ships to carry vastly greater quantities of merchandise than people or animals.

28. A dynasty is best defined as

A conquering army

A tribal confederation

A hereditary ruling family that passed power from one generation to the next

A system where the ruler oversees both secular and religious matters

29. The church's practice of indulgences in the High Middle Ages was ultimately connected with

The relics of saints.

The church's doctrine of purgatory.

The remission of the temporal punishment due to sin.

All of the above

30. The persecutions against European Jews in the High Middle Ages were

Openly encouraged by Christian mendicants and preachers.

Continually opposed by European Christian monarchs.

Frequently carried out by Christian crusaders.

Tolerated by the popes.

A and c

31. Overall, due to the socioeconomic dislocations caused by the plague, the incomes of European aristocrats after 1347

Increased as they developed crushing monopolies on food supply.

Remained largely unchanged especially in England.

Rose slowly as disruptions in urban trade cut into their profit margins for food supply.

32. The Great Schism is known as that period in the history of the Catholic Church marked by

The creation and feuding of multiple popes.

The rise of new and powerful heretical movements.

The division of Christendom over the question of toleration for Jews.

Disagreements among Christian theologians over the justice of killing those condemned for witchcraft.

33. Joan of Arc

Helped defeat the British at the Battle of Agincourt

Liberated Orleans and the Loire Valley from English control.

Saw her task accomplished when Henry V was crowned king of France in 1429.

Confessed to the charges of heresy but recanted and was burned at the stake.

34. The dramatic increases in European population between 1000 and 1300

Occurred despite detrimental climatic patters

Especially benefitted women of child-bearing age

Were primarily due to an increased birth rate outstripping relatively high medieval mortality rates

Led to populations with many more women than men due to constant warfare

35. The Hundred Years' War between France and England grew out of

The strong personalities of Philip IV and Edward III.

The dispute over the lands in northern Italy.

Economic problems and revolts in Portugal.

A and b

36. The investiture controversy refers to

The right of imperial courts to pass judgment on clerics.

The argument over who should get funds from church tithes.

The designation of heirs to the imperial throne.

37. One overall result of the Great Schism was to

Put an end to the church's previous financial abuses.

Introduce doctrinal uncertainty into the lives of Christians.

Rejuvenate Christianity as it had been on the decline throughout Europe.

End the abuse of pluralism.

38. The first phase of the Hundreds Years' War was settled by 1359 with

The decisive Battle of Crecy.

The treaty of Brétigny.

The French capture and execution of England's King Edward III.

Superior French battle use of the longbow.

39. The “Canton system”:

Only allowed European merchants to trade in the port of Canton in China.

Allowed no official trade between Chinese and European merchants.

Limited European merchants to the islands of Deshima in the harbor of Nagasaki.

Opened up all of China to European merchants.

40. The Magna Carta

Asserted royal rights over the church.

Gave the king the right to regulate all economic matters.

Limited the power of the English king.

Served to centralize government authority.

41. The northern neighbors who took advantage of the collapse of Ming authority in the seventeenth century and established their own Qing dynasty in China were the _____.

Tokugawas

Manchus

Red Turbans

Mongols

42. The knightly code of ethics known as chivalry included all of the following requirements except

Knights were to fights to defend the church

Knights were to protect the weak and defenseless

Knights were to love the poor

Winning glory should be the knights highest aim and motivating force

43. Politically, Italy and Germany were similar in the fourteenth century because

The plague had equally devastated both regions.

Both regions failed to develop a centralized monarchical state.

Local nobles and town governments lost much influence over reigning kings.

Mercenary captains usurped royal authority and ruled violently.

44. Under Mingh rulership:

Emperors wished to be seen as guardians and patriarchs of their subjects.

Emperors placed all authority in the hands of the bureaucrats.

Emperors placed an emphasis on social equality in order to earn loyalty from the marginalized members of society.

Emperors earned sufficient income from tribute states that they did not need to tax their own populations.

45. As a result of the abandonment of the Ming dynasty's support for oceanic exploration:

Chinese overseas commerce was declined

Chinese naval power declined and opened the way for newcomers and rivals in the Indian Ocean and the Southeast Asia.

Imperial revenue declined.

European navies were able to conquer Chinese ports in the fourteenth century.

46. The “Crusades” included all of the following except:

Most knights returned home after capturing Jerusalem, leaving Crusader kingdoms poorly defended.

The Christian forces were stretched thin and had poor supply lines.

In frustration, Crusader armies attacked the capital of the Christian Byzantine empire, Constantinople.

Muslim leaders viewed the Christian knights as a threat to the Islamic heartland

47. The Christian saint who taught to townsfolk in Europe repentance and the daily contemplation of the sufferings of Christ and his mother Mary was:

Francis of Assisi

Augustine of Hippo

Thomas Aquinas

Averroes

48. Economically, the great plague and the crises of the fourteenth century

Devastated peasants but not nobles.

Brought an economic boom to landlords.

Caused only minor changes in agricultural practices.

Raised wages because of a scarcity of labor.

49. The Great Schism

Occurred when French forces executed the Italian pope on charges of heresy.

Further damaged the prestige and authority of the church.

Ended with the victory of Pope Clement VII.

Ended with the victory of Pope Urban VI.

50. The key to the early success of the Qing dynasty was its leaders'

Ruthless suppression of any form of Han Chinese identity.

Ability to force Manchu customs on the diverse people in its empire.

Respect for local customs and traditions.

Ability to create a strong navy to reduce European influence in East Asia.

51. Which of the following statements best describes the early Ming dynasty?

It inherited a society and kingdom from the Mongol Yuan dynasty that was relatively peaceful and prosperous.

It had to rebuild a devastated society from the ground up after the catastrophes of the fourteenth century.

It faced the challenge of establishing foreign rule over the Chinese people, much like its predecessor, the Mongol Yuan dynasty.

52. An important result of the First Crusade was

A cultural exchange between Christian soldiers and Muslims.

The establishment of four Latin kingdoms in Palestine, ruled by Emperor Alexius I.

Rapid economic growth and wealth for Italian commercial cities with maritime ties to the crusader states.

The economic rejuvenation of the Byzantine Empire.

53. The progress of the Hundred Year's War was characterized by

Early French successes

A steady return to feudal- style armies

English use of peasant soldiers and the longbow.

The English political subjugation of much of France.

54. The Black Death

Was one of many European plagues from the eighth century.

Started in northern Europe and moved southward to Italy.

Recurred in severe outbreaks for centuries.

Never reached England.

55. The persecutions against Jews during the Black Death

Were instigated at the calling of the Catholic church.

Led to the execution of nearly all of the Jews in eastern Europe.

Reached their worst excesses in German cities.

Had little to do with financial motives.

56. Ming religious reform:

Undermined local political and social hierarchies to promote support for the emperor.

Established Ming rulers as the moral and spiritual benefactors of their subjects.

Eliminated civil and military cults as a threat to Ming authority.

Failed to distinguish between different types of people.

57. One reason for the Mongols' success in conquering and governing extensive realms was their:

Openness to foreign ideas and foreigners

Ruthless suppression of intellectual and commercial life.

Exploitation of a strong navy to police their realms

Incorporation of Confucian ideas throughout their realms

58. When Kubilia conquered the Southern Song Dynasty in China:

He killed all Song claimants to the throne and desecrated the Song imperial tombs.

He established a new ruling class for dynastic politics that was composed only of Mongol warriors.

He permitted his Mongol troops to pillage the countryside as “payment” for their service.

He allowed the Chinese elite to continue to govern local affairs.

59. The guild system of medieval European cities did all of the following except

Enforced standards and methods of production for various articles

Fixed prices at which finished goods could be sold

Set the numbers of people who could enter key trades and the procedures by which they could do so

Discouraged the use of apprenticeships for training new workers

60. In order to extol their authority, the Manchus implemented all of the following policies except:

Banned intermarriage between Manchus and Han Chinese.

Forbade the study of Confucianism.

Required Han Chinese to adopt Manchu hairstyles.

Forbade displays of conspicuous consumption and indulgence by urban elites.

61. During the fourteenth-century development of the French monarchy

Philip II suffered defeats at the hands of King John.

Louis IX was known for his blatant denial of his subjects' rights.

King Alfonso X encouraged the development of three religions.

Philip IV inaugurated the Estates-General, France's first parliament.

62. The Papal inquistion, or the Holy Office, a church court designed to try and punish heretics,

Encouraged accusations of heresy against anyone

Often utilized Dominican monks as inquisitors

Turned those deemed guilty over to secular authorities for execution

All of the above

63. After taking the city of Jerusalem in 1099, the Christian soldiers of the First Crusade

Massacred most of the men, women, and children in the captured city.

Created four Christian crusader states with feudal institutions.

Sacked Constantinople on their way home.

Traveled to Rome to receive the pope's blessing.

A and b

64. The Ming dynasty viewed overseas trade as

An important source of government revenue

A means of expanding the influence of the emperor.

As a potential source of instability.

A means of expanding the reach of Buddhism.

65. The main goal of Zheng He's voyages was to:

Expand the commercial reach of the Ming dynasty

Conquer more lands for the Ming dynasty

Expand the tributary relations of the Ming dynasty.

Search for new lands in which to export surplus population from China

66. Saint Francis of Assisi stressed that

Human beings should strive to dominate the natural world.

God could only be understood through rigorous contemplation of nature.

Biblical precepts be rejected in organizing the new mendicant orders of the church.

His followers must accept strict vows of poverty.

67. The “dashing prince” rebel leader who captured Beijing from the Ming was:

Wu Sangui.

Wanli

Zhu Yijun

Li Zicheng

Death: Part 1

1. The Magna Carta was drawn up in

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. The Albigensian heresy was viciously attacked and brutally crushed by the church because

3. "Lay investiture" refers to the process by which

4. How many Europeans died within the first five years of the Black Death?

5. The Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas

6. The main avenue of transmission for the Black Death was

7. A key economic consequence of the plague was

8. The "agricultural revolution" of the High Middle Ages

9. In medieval thought, women were considered

10. The rulers of the Russian lands looked to _____ for their religious and political models.

11. The Albigensians believed

12. Which of the following statements best describes the Mongols’ legacy in world history?

13. In Europe, many attributed the Black Death to:

14. Frederick II of Hohenstaufen

15. The Christian scholar who sought to show that everything gradually converged to prove that Christianity was the only religion that fully met the aspirations of all rational human beings was

16. The chief ambition of the Venetian city-state in the fourteenth century was

17. The percentage of the European population believed to have been wiped out by the Black Death was

18. Zhu Di, also known as the Yongle Emperor of the Ming dynasty, is associated with which one of the following?

19. The village church

20. Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095

21. The Black Death was most devastating in

22. The Islamic leader during the "Crusades" Usama ibn Munqidh:

23. The chief accomplishment of the Council of Constance (1414- 1418) was

24. The Ming emperor known for avoiding any involvement in administering his realm in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was _____.

25. The sacramental system of the Catholic church

26. Dante's Divine Comedy

27. The revolution in sea travel was aided by:

28. A dynasty is best defined as

29. The church's practice of indulgences in the High Middle Ages was ultimately connected with

30. The persecutions against European Jews in the High Middle Ages were

31. Overall, due to the socioeconomic dislocations caused by the plague, the incomes of European aristocrats after 1347

32. The Great Schism is known as that period in the history of the Catholic Church marked by

33. Joan of Arc

34. The dramatic increases in European population between 1000 and 1300

35. The Hundred Years' War between France and England grew out of

36. The investiture controversy refers to

37. One overall result of the Great Schism was to

38. The first phase of the Hundreds Years' War was settled by 1359 with

39. The “Canton system”:

40. The Magna Carta

41. The northern neighbors who took advantage of the collapse of Ming authority in the seventeenth century and established their own Qing dynasty in China were the _____.

42. The knightly code of ethics known as chivalry included all of the following requirements except

43. Politically, Italy and Germany were similar in the fourteenth century because

44. Under Mingh rulership:

45. As a result of the abandonment of the Ming dynasty's support for oceanic exploration:

46. The “Crusades” included all of the following except:

47. The Christian saint who taught to townsfolk in Europe repentance and the daily contemplation of the sufferings of Christ and his mother Mary was:

48. Economically, the great plague and the crises of the fourteenth century

49. The Great Schism

50. The key to the early success of the Qing dynasty was its leaders'

51. Which of the following statements best describes the early Ming dynasty?

52. An important result of the First Crusade was

53. The progress of the Hundred Year's War was characterized by

54. The Black Death

55. The persecutions against Jews during the Black Death

56. Ming religious reform:

57. One reason for the Mongols' success in conquering and governing extensive realms was their:

58. When Kubilia conquered the Southern Song Dynasty in China:

59. The guild system of medieval European cities did all of the following except

60. In order to extol their authority, the Manchus implemented all of the following policies except:

61. During the fourteenth-century development of the French monarchy

62. The Papal inquistion, or the Holy Office, a church court designed to try and punish heretics,

63. After taking the city of Jerusalem in 1099, the Christian soldiers of the First Crusade

64. The Ming dynasty viewed overseas trade as

65. The main goal of Zheng He's voyages was to:

66. Saint Francis of Assisi stressed that

67. The “dashing prince” rebel leader who captured Beijing from the Ming was: