Counselling Children And Adolescents - Qp7

Explanation
Physical obstacles refer to barriers or hindrances that are tangible or material in nature. They are typically related to physical objects or conditions that impede or restrict movement, access, or progress. In this context, roadworks, traffic jams, and long queues are examples of physical obstacles as they involve physical elements such as construction, vehicles, and waiting lines that can physically block or slow down movement or progress. Racial discrimination, arguments with a partner, and social isolation, on the other hand, are not physical obstacles as they are related to social or interpersonal issues rather than tangible barriers.

Explanation
Motivational conflicts arise when individuals experience competing desires or goals that pull them in different directions. Co-operation vs competition involves the conflict between working together with others and striving to outperform them. Impulse expression vs moral standards refers to the conflict between expressing one's immediate desires and adhering to ethical principles. Independence vs dependence involves the conflict between wanting to be self-reliant and needing support from others. Intimacy vs isolation is the conflict between the desire for close relationships and the need for personal space and independence. These conflicts represent different motivational tensions that individuals may experience in various aspects of their lives.

Explanation
This scenario illustrates displaced aggression, where the person redirects their anger towards someone or something else that is not the actual source of their frustration. In this case, the individual is unable to influence or express their anger about the situation in another country, so they take it out on their partner instead. This displacement of aggression is a common defense mechanism used to cope with feelings of powerlessness or frustration.

Explanation
Projection, denial, and repression are all defense strategies. Projection is a defense mechanism where an individual attributes their own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or impulses onto someone else. Denial is a defense mechanism where an individual refuses to acknowledge reality or the existence of a problem. Repression is a defense mechanism where an individual unconsciously pushes unwanted thoughts, memories, or emotions out of their conscious awareness. These defense strategies are used to protect oneself from anxiety, discomfort, or emotional distress.

Explanation
The statement suggests that the line between what is considered "normal" and "abnormal" is often blurry or uncertain. It implies that there is often ambiguity or subjectivity in determining what is considered normal or abnormal behavior, characteristics, or situations. Therefore, the statement is true as it acknowledges the lack of clear distinction between these two categories.

Explanation
Psychologists feel that the term 'adjustment' carries negative connotations regarding the client's efforts to improve their well-being because it is equated with conformity. The term implies that the client needs to conform to societal norms or expectations in order to improve their well-being, which can be seen as restrictive or oppressive. This can undermine the client's autonomy and individuality, making them feel like they have to change who they are to fit in or be accepted.

Explanation
When goals are set that are beyond a person's ability, it means that they are being asked to achieve something that is beyond their capabilities or skills. This can lead to frustration because they will not be able to meet those goals, which can be demotivating and discouraging. It is important to set realistic and achievable goals in order to maintain motivation and avoid frustration.

Explanation
The scenario described in the question presents a person who is facing a conflict between approaching and avoiding a task, specifically starting an essay. The person experiences difficulty in initiating the task, taking multiple false starts before actually beginning. This aligns with the concept of approach-avoidance conflict, which refers to the psychological struggle individuals face when they are simultaneously drawn towards and repelled by a particular goal or situation. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately reflects the situation described.

Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that the statement is incorrect. Behaviour cannot be considered normal if it has adverse effects on either the individual or society. In fact, such behavior is typically considered abnormal or maladaptive.