Counselling Children And Adolescents - Qp4

Explanation
The parent/child relationship is based on heredity, which refers to the passing down of traits and characteristics from parents to their offspring through genetic material. This means that children inherit certain physical and genetic traits from their parents, such as eye color, height, and certain predispositions to diseases. Heredity plays a crucial role in determining the similarities and differences between parents and their children, forming the foundation of the parent/child relationship.

Explanation
The teacher/child relationship is based on authority. This means that the teacher has the power and control over the child, and the child is expected to obey and follow the instructions given by the teacher. The authority figure of the teacher creates a hierarchical structure where the teacher is responsible for guiding and instructing the child in their learning process. This relationship is built on the understanding that the teacher has the knowledge and expertise to educate the child, and the child should respect and comply with the teacher's authority.

Explanation
The common components found in both parent/child and teacher/child relationships are considerateness, a sense of humor, and a philosophy of growth. In these relationships, it is important for both parties to be considerate of each other's feelings and needs. A sense of humor helps create a positive and enjoyable environment for communication and interaction. Additionally, having a philosophy of growth means that both parents/teachers and children are committed to continuous learning, improvement, and development.

Explanation
Respiration is a physiological function as it involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Sleeping and waking is also a physiological function as it is a natural process of rest and wakefulness that occurs in the body. Temperature regulation is a physiological function as the body maintains a stable internal temperature through processes like sweating or shivering. Excretion is a physiological function as it involves the elimination of waste products from the body. Digestion is a physiological function as it involves the breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients in the body.

Explanation
The given answer choices describe sequences of growth or development that typically occur in a specific order. Vertical and horizontal hand movements usually develop before circular and oblique movements, as they require more basic motor skills. Similarly, head balance typically develops before body balance, as it requires a foundation of neck strength and control. Finally, perceptions, such as sensory experiences, tend to develop before abstractions, which involve more complex cognitive processes.

Explanation
The sympathetic nervous system does not preside over the 'lower' vegetative functions. Instead, it is responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response, activating during times of stress or danger. The parasympathetic nervous system is the one that controls the 'lower' vegetative functions, such as digestion, relaxation, and sleep. Therefore, the statement is false.

Explanation
The statement is true because the muscular system is closely connected to the nervous system. Nerves control the contraction and relaxation of muscles, allowing them to move and perform various functions. Without the nervous system, muscles would not be able to receive signals and coordinate movement. Therefore, the muscular system can be considered as a neuro-muscular system due to its reliance on nerve connections.

Explanation
The given statement is false. The correct position in infants, known as the tonic neck reflex, is when the head is turned to one side, the arm on that side extends, and the opposite arm flexes. This reflex is commonly observed in newborns and typically disappears by around 6 months of age.