Solar Man Australia Project - Wind Turbine Design and Development

The sensors are classified based on their functions, performance, and output. This means that the classification of sensors takes into account the specific tasks they perform, their level of performance or accuracy, and the type of output they provide. By considering all of these factors, a comprehensive classification system can be established to categorize different types of sensors based on their unique characteristics and capabilities.

The correct answer is "ALL THE ABOVE". This is because current, resistance, and inductance are all fundamental concepts in the electrical domain. Current refers to the flow of electric charge, resistance is the opposition to the flow of current, and inductance is the property of an electrical circuit that opposes changes in current. Together, these three concepts form the basis of understanding and analyzing electrical systems.

A modern wind turbine typically has three blades. This design is commonly used because it strikes a balance between efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Three blades allow for optimal capture of wind energy while minimizing the weight and cost of the turbine. Additionally, three blades provide stability and reduce noise compared to turbines with more or fewer blades.

Angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration are all vector quantities. A vector quantity is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. In the case of angular displacement, it represents the change in angle and the direction of rotation. Angular velocity is the rate of change of angular displacement and also has both magnitude and direction. Similarly, angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity and has both magnitude and direction. Therefore, all of these quantities are vector quantities.

While analyzing a truss, both compressive force and tensile force are determined. This is because a truss is a structure made up of interconnected members, and these members can experience both compressive and tensile forces depending on the loading conditions. Compressive forces act to compress or shorten the members, while tensile forces act to stretch or elongate them. Therefore, both types of forces need to be considered when analyzing a truss.

An LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a type of semiconductor device that emits light when a forward voltage is applied to it. When the LED is forward biased, meaning that the positive terminal of the power source is connected to the anode (positive terminal) of the LED and the negative terminal is connected to the cathode (negative terminal) of the LED, current flows through the LED and it emits light. Therefore, the correct answer is "emits light when forward biased".

The power generated by an engine can be calculated by dividing the work done by the engine by the time taken. In this case, the work done is given as 1000 joules and the time taken is 6 seconds. Dividing 1000 by 6 gives us approximately 166.67 watts, which can be rounded down to 166 watts. Therefore, the correct answer is 166 watts.

A space truss is a structure made of slender members that are joined together at their end points. This type of truss is designed to distribute loads evenly across its members, providing stability and strength. The interconnected members form a three-dimensional framework, allowing for efficient load transfer and resistance to external forces. Space trusses are commonly used in the construction of large-span roofs, bridges, and other structures where strength and stability are crucial.

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A utility scale wind turbine is a complex machine that requires numerous components to function properly. The fact that it takes more than 8,000 components to build a utility scale wind turbine indicates the extensive and intricate nature of its construction. This high number of components highlights the level of precision and engineering involved in creating a wind turbine capable of generating electricity on a large scale.

The emf (electromotive force) of a dry cell is a measure of its ability to provide electrical energy. A higher emf indicates a higher voltage output. In this case, the correct answer is 1.5 V, which means that the dry cell can provide a voltage output of 1.5 volts.

The estimated energy available in the winds over the earth surface is 1.6 X 107 MW. This means that there is a significant amount of energy that can be harnessed from wind power. Wind turbines can convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy, and with such a large estimated energy availability, wind power has the potential to be a major source of renewable energy.

Most utility-scale wind turbine towers in the U.S. are roughly 86 meters (282 feet) tall.

Deflection refers to the vertical distance between the axis of the beam before and after loading at a specific point. It measures the amount of bending or displacement that occurs in the beam due to the applied load. Deformation, on the other hand, is a more general term that encompasses any change in shape or size of a material under load. Slope is not the correct answer as it refers to the change in the angle of the beam before and after loading, rather than the vertical distance. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is deflection.

In rotating machines, electromagnetic torque is generated when both the stator and rotor windings carry current. This is because the interaction between the magnetic fields produced by the currents in the stator and rotor windings creates a torque that causes the rotor to rotate. If only one of the windings carries current, there will not be sufficient interaction between the magnetic fields to generate torque. Therefore, in order for electromagnetic torque to be present, both the stator and rotor windings must carry current.

When bridges are extended over long routes or distances, a rocker or a roller is used at the joints. This is because long bridges are subject to thermal expansion and contraction, as well as other factors such as wind and traffic loads, which can cause the bridge to move and shift. By using rockers or rollers at the joints, the bridge is able to accommodate these movements and prevent any damage or structural failure. The rockers or rollers allow the bridge to expand and contract freely without putting stress on the structure, ensuring its stability and longevity.

The coupling angle or load angle of a synchronous motor is defined as the space angle between the rotor and stator poles of opposite polarity. This angle represents the phase difference between the rotor and stator magnetic fields and determines the torque produced by the motor. By measuring the coupling angle, the motor's performance and synchronization with the power system can be evaluated.

The center of gravity of a quadrant of a circle lies along its central radius at a distance of 0.6r. This can be explained using the concept of symmetry. A quadrant of a circle is a quarter of a circle, and it is symmetrical about its central radius. The center of gravity is the point where the weight of the quadrant is evenly distributed. Since the quadrant is symmetrical, the center of gravity must lie along its central radius. The distance from the center of the circle to the center of gravity is given by 0.6r, which means it is 0.6 times the radius of the circle.

Satellites rely on solar cells as their source of energy. Solar cells convert sunlight into electricity, providing a continuous and renewable power source for the satellite. This is essential for the satellite's operation, as it requires energy to power its various systems and instruments while in space. Solar cells are lightweight, durable, and efficient, making them ideal for use in satellite technology. Additionally, they do not require frequent maintenance or refueling, allowing satellites to operate for extended periods without interruption.

The Ward-Leonard system of speed control is not recommended for constant speed operation because it is designed to provide adjustable speed control. This system uses a motor-generator set to control the speed of a motor by varying the voltage and frequency. It is ideal for applications that require variable speed control, such as in industrial processes or electric vehicles. However, for constant speed operation, other control methods, such as direct-on-line starting or variable frequency drives, are more suitable and efficient.

Coplaner concurrent forces refer to a situation where multiple forces act on an object, meeting at a single point, and their lines of action lie on the same plane. In other words, these forces are in the same plane and their vectors intersect at a common point. This is the correct answer because it accurately describes the scenario where forces are both coplaner (in the same plane) and concurrent (meet at a single point).

The presence of offset in a control system causes the range of control of the controller to decrease. Offset refers to a deviation between the desired setpoint and the actual process variable. When there is offset, the controller needs to continuously adjust its output to try to eliminate the offset. This reduces the effective range of control, as the controller's output is limited by the presence of the offset. Therefore, the correct answer is "decreases".

The correct answer suggests that when the assumption of the direction of the force in space trusses is made, the direction comes out to be opposite. This implies that the assumption made was incorrect and therefore the question cannot be solved further.

When the value of disturbance increases, the controller adjusts the set point by shifting it and setting a new value. This adjustment is known as offset. It helps to compensate for the disturbance and maintain stability in the system. The other options, set-shift and stabilization, do not accurately describe this process. Therefore, the correct answer is offset.

In designing space trusses, the loads are applied at the joints. This means that the forces and loads acting on the structure are concentrated at the connection points between the members of the truss. By applying the loads at the joints, it allows for a more efficient distribution of forces throughout the truss system, ensuring that the structure can effectively support the applied loads and maintain its stability.

The damper winding is used in synchronous machines to maintain mechanical stability. It consists of short-circuited conductors placed in slots on the rotor. When the rotor speed changes, currents are induced in the damper winding, which creates a magnetic field that opposes the change in speed. This helps to dampen any fluctuations and maintain the stability of the machine. The other options, interpole winding, compensating winding, and equalizer rings, are not specifically used for mechanical stability but have other functions in synchronous machines.

Solar radiation refers to the energy emitted by the sun in the form of electromagnetic waves. The range of solar radiation received on earth's surface is primarily within the visible light spectrum. This spectrum ranges from approximately 0.38 to 0.78 microns, with the majority of the radiation falling within this range. Therefore, the correct answer is 0.38 to 0.78 microns.

Trusses are structural elements that consist of straight members connected at their ends by joints. They are commonly used in construction to support roofs, bridges, and other structures. Trusses can be categorized based on their geometry, and in this case, the question is asking about the type of trusses that lie on a 3D volume. The term "3D" refers to three-dimensional space, indicating that the trusses are not confined to a single plane or surface but extend in all three dimensions. Therefore, the correct answer is "3D."

Hall effect sensors are used in both flow meters and fuel level indicators. These sensors utilize the Hall effect, which is the production of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the current flow. In flow meters, Hall effect sensors can measure the flow rate of a fluid by detecting changes in the magnetic field caused by the flowing fluid. In fuel level indicators, these sensors can measure the level of fuel in a tank by detecting the change in magnetic field caused by the presence of fuel. Therefore, the correct answer is both options 1 and 2.

The unit of reluctance is Ampere/Weber because reluctance is the opposition to the flow of magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit. It is analogous to resistance in an electrical circuit. The unit Ampere/Weber represents the ratio of the magnetic field strength (Ampere) to the magnetic flux (Weber), which is a measure of how easily magnetic flux can pass through a material.

When the field resistance is increased in a speed control system, it leads to a decrease in the flux. This decrease in flux causes a decrease in the electromotive force (EMF) generated in the system. However, the given answer states that increasing the field resistance causes an increase in EMF, which is incorrect. Therefore, the wrong option is "Increase in EMF."

The best speed control for small DC motors is achieved through armature voltage control. By adjusting the voltage applied to the armature, the speed of the motor can be effectively controlled. This method allows for precise speed regulation and is commonly used in applications where accurate speed control is required. Field resistance control and other methods may also be used for speed control, but armature voltage control is considered the most effective for small DC motors.

If the power angle δ exceeds the internal angle θ in a synchronous motor operating on constant excitation across an infinite bus, the operation will not be stable. This means that the motor will not be able to maintain a steady and synchronized rotation with the power system. The power angle represents the phase difference between the rotor and the stator fields, while the internal angle represents the angle between the rotor field and the internal voltage. If the power angle exceeds the internal angle, it indicates that the rotor field is lagging behind the internal voltage, causing instability in the motor's operation.

Secondary cells are rechargeable batteries that can be used multiple times. They can be discharged and recharged multiple times without losing their capacity. Lead acid cells and alkaline cells are both examples of secondary cells. Lead acid cells are commonly used in automotive applications and are known for their high energy density. Alkaline cells, on the other hand, are commonly used in household devices such as remote controls and flashlights. Therefore, the correct answer is both (a) and (b).

A negative atmosphere can hinder communication growth. Positive and supportive environments encourage open communication, collaboration, and the exchange of ideas, leading to growth in communication. On the other hand, a negative atmosphere characterized by conflict, distrust, and hostility can create barriers to effective communication, inhibiting growth. Therefore, a negative atmosphere is not required for communication growth.

The correct answer is "All of the above" because the coded output lists three different types of modulation: modulation of amplitude, modulation of frequency, and modulation of pulse width. The phrase "All of the above" indicates that all three types of modulation are correct.

The velocity ratio of a machine is not the ratio of load lifted to the effort applied. The velocity ratio of a machine is actually the ratio of the distance moved by the effort to the distance moved by the load.

The Beaufort number is a scale used to estimate wind intensity based on observed effects on land and sea. It ranges from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane-force winds). It takes into account factors such as wind speed, wave height, and the behavior of objects in the wind. The Beaufort number is commonly used in weather forecasting and maritime operations to provide a standardized way of describing wind conditions.

Heating and cooling of the atmosphere generates convection currents. Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (in this case, air). When the atmosphere is heated, the air near the surface becomes warmer and less dense, causing it to rise. As the warm air rises, it cools and becomes denser, eventually sinking back down. This creates a continuous cycle of rising and sinking air, known as convection currents. These currents play a crucial role in the redistribution of heat and moisture in the atmosphere, influencing weather patterns and climate.

The correct answer is direct load loss and stray load losses. Short circuit load losses refer to the losses that occur in a power system when a short circuit fault occurs. Direct load loss refers to the losses that occur in the conductors and windings of the electrical equipment due to the flow of current during a short circuit. Stray load losses, on the other hand, refer to the losses that occur in the surrounding components and structures of the electrical equipment due to the magnetic fields generated during a short circuit. Therefore, both direct load loss and stray load losses contribute to the overall short circuit load losses.

A compressor is not a part of a modern wind turbine. A wind turbine works by converting the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy. It consists of several components such as the rotor blades, gearbox, nacelle, and yaw drive. The rotor blades capture the wind's energy and spin the rotor, which is connected to the gearbox. The gearbox increases the rotational speed and transfers the energy to the generator. The nacelle houses the gearbox, generator, and other control systems. The yaw drive allows the turbine to turn and face the wind. However, a compressor is not necessary in a wind turbine as it is used in devices that compress air, such as air conditioners or refrigerators.

India holds 20,000 MW of wind power. This means that India has the capacity to generate 20,000 megawatts of electricity from wind energy sources. Wind power is a significant renewable energy source in India, and the country has been actively investing in and expanding its wind power infrastructure to meet its growing energy demands and reduce its reliance on fossil fuels.

The power factor of a pure resistive circuit is unity because in a pure resistive circuit, the voltage and current are in phase with each other. This means that the power factor, which is the cosine of the phase angle between voltage and current, is equal to 1. In other words, the power is used efficiently in a pure resistive circuit with no reactive components.

A large stiffness coefficient represents that the motor speed remains practically constant. This means that the motor is able to maintain a consistent speed even when subjected to varying mechanical loads. The stiffness coefficient is a measure of how well the motor can resist changes in speed, and a large value indicates a high level of stability in maintaining a constant speed.

In a roof supporting space truss, the load is transmitted first to the truss and then to the joints through purlins. This means that the load is initially borne by the truss members, which distribute the load to the joints. The purlins, which are horizontal beams supported by the truss, then transfer the load from the joints to the rest of the structure. This sequence of load transmission ensures that the load is efficiently distributed and supported throughout the roof truss system.

The correct answer is SDS because SDS stands for Software Development System, which is not an information-based system. MIS (Management Information System), DSS (Decision Support System), and SIS (Strategic Information System) are all examples of information-based systems that are used to collect, analyze, and present information to support decision-making processes in organizations. However, SDS is a term used to refer to a system or set of tools used for software development, which is not directly related to information management or decision support.

A 3-point starter is used to start both series and compound motors because these types of motors have high starting torque requirements. The 3-point starter provides a way to control the flow of current to the motor during the starting process, allowing for a gradual increase in current to prevent damage to the motor and ensure a smooth start. Shunt motors, on the other hand, do not have high starting torque requirements and can be started directly without the need for a 3-point starter. Therefore, the correct answer is option 2 and 3.

The correct answer is 100 ohm, 10 watts because the power (in watts) can be calculated using the formula P = I^2 * R, where P is power, I is current, and R is resistance. In this case, the current is 0.3 amperes and the resistance is 100 ohms. Plugging these values into the formula, we get P = (0.3)^2 * 100 = 0.09 * 100 = 9 watts. Since the power required is 9 watts, the closest option is 100 ohm, 10 watts.

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Moment of inertia is a property of a rotating object that determines its resistance to changes in its rotational motion, while conductance is a measure of how easily an electric current can flow through a material. These two quantities are not analogous as they belong to different systems - mechanical rotational system and electrical system, respectively.