Gateway B2 Unit 8 Reading and Use Of English

The given correct answer explains that people die in floods by getting trapped in cars or being swept away by fast-moving rivers. This suggests that the force and speed of the water during a flood can be extremely dangerous and can lead to fatalities. This explanation aligns with the statement in the passage that mentions the emotional and financial cost of flooding, indicating that the loss of life is a significant aspect of the devastation caused by floods.

The correct answer is "likely to increase." This is because the article suggests that incidences of flooding are expected to increase in the future. The article may have mentioned factors such as climate change, increasing rainfall, or inadequate infrastructure as reasons for this prediction. Therefore, it can be concluded that flooding is likely to increase based on the information provided in the article.

Practising for flood emergencies doesn't deal with the root of the problem. While practicing for flood emergencies can help individuals and communities be better prepared and respond effectively during such situations, it does not address the underlying cause of the problem. Dealing with the root of the problem would involve implementing measures to prevent or mitigate floods, such as improving infrastructure, implementing better land management practices, or addressing climate change.

The given correct answer is "also psychological". This means that the cost of flooding is not only financial but also has a psychological impact. Flooding can cause significant emotional distress, anxiety, and trauma to individuals and communities affected by it. The loss of personal belongings, displacement from homes, and the disruption of daily life can have long-lasting psychological effects on the affected individuals. Therefore, the cost of flooding goes beyond just the financial aspect and includes the psychological toll it takes on people.

Rescue services are usually inadequate. This means that they are not sufficient or capable enough to handle all situations or emergencies. They may lack the necessary resources, manpower, or training to effectively respond to various rescue operations. This suggests that there is room for improvement in the preparedness and capabilities of rescue services.

The experts believe that considering a variety of solutions is necessary because it allows for a comprehensive approach to addressing the issue of flooding. Building more flood defences alone may not be sufficient, as it may not address the root causes of flooding. Similarly, redesigning flooded houses may only provide a temporary solution. By considering a variety of solutions, experts can explore different approaches such as improving urban planning, implementing sustainable drainage systems, and promoting flood risk awareness and preparedness. This holistic approach ensures a more effective and long-term solution to the problem of flooding.

Investment in flood defences now being "worth it in the long run" suggests that although the initial cost may be high, the benefits and returns in the future outweigh the expense. This implies that investing in flood defences is a wise decision as it helps mitigate the damage caused by floods, protects lives, and reduces long-term costs associated with flood-related disasters.

The given correct answer states that there are many ways in which people can improve defenses to their own homes. This suggests that individuals have the ability to take action and protect their homes from flooding. It implies that by implementing measures such as flood barriers, water-resistant building materials, or elevating the structure, homeowners can reduce the damage caused by floods. This highlights the importance of individual responsibility and proactive measures in mitigating the impact of climate change and protecting vulnerable areas from flooding.

The sentence is in passive voice, indicating that the subject (the firefighters) is not performing the action directly. Instead, they are the ones being acted upon. The phrase "are expected to arrive" suggests that someone else (the speaker or another group) has the expectation that the firefighters will arrive soon.

The sentence is a passive construction, where the subject (students) is not performing the action but receiving it. In this case, the action is giving the essay, and the students are the ones receiving it. Therefore, the correct answer is "students were given an essay."

The correct answer is "is thought that the climate". This is because the phrase "is thought" is used to express the belief or opinion of people. In this case, it is the belief of people that the climate will change a great deal over the next 20 years.

The sentence structure suggests that the subject (they) is unaware of the future occurrence of the area flooding again. The phrase "is not known when" and "isn't known when" both convey the same meaning, indicating the lack of knowledge about the timing of the potential flooding.

People need protection from flooding because floods can cause significant damage to property, infrastructure, and even loss of life. Flooding can result in the destruction of homes, businesses, and public facilities, leading to financial and emotional distress for affected individuals. Additionally, floods can contaminate water sources, leading to health hazards and the spread of waterborne diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to protect people from flooding by implementing measures such as building flood defenses, improving drainage systems, and implementing early warning systems to mitigate the impact of floods and ensure the safety and well-being of individuals.

The correct answer is "Most of us know someone who has been caught up in the devastation caused by these events." This statement supports the idea that flooding is a new danger that is affecting many people. It suggests that the frequency of flooding is increasing and that it is causing significant devastation to communities.

The given answer suggests that the regular flood simulation emergency practice conducted by rescue services is beneficial because it allows them to gain important experience and be better prepared to evacuate and save more people in the event of a real flood. This implies that the practice helps improve their response and rescue capabilities, ultimately leading to more lives being saved during a massive flood.

The correct answer is "Firstly, there are those (one in five people in Britain) who live in constant fear of heavy rainfall." This is the correct answer because it directly addresses the statement in the question that there are many victims of flooding who constantly live in fear of heavy rainfall. The passage also mentions that every time it rains for longer than a day or two, these people ask if it will be their house that is flooded, further supporting the answer choice.

The answer explains that some people may not have enough insurance coverage or any insurance at all to pay for the repairs to their flood-damaged houses. This is a result of insurance companies refusing to cover properties in high-risk flood areas.

Animals are said to be able to predict a natural disaster. This suggests that there is a belief or common understanding among people that animals possess the ability to sense or perceive impending natural disasters before they occur. This belief may stem from anecdotal evidence or observations of animals behaving unusually or displaying signs of distress prior to a natural disaster. While the exact mechanisms behind this supposed ability are not fully understood, it is widely accepted that animals have heightened senses and instincts that allow them to detect subtle changes in their environment, which could potentially serve as early warning signs for natural disasters.

The sentence is in the passive voice, indicating that someone believes that a cigarette caused the fire. The phrase "is believed to have been" suggests that there is a belief or consensus among people that the fire was started by a cigarette.

The given correct answer is "being praised by my tutor." This means that the person enjoys receiving compliments and positive feedback from their tutor for their work. It suggests that the individual values the recognition and validation they receive from their tutor, which likely motivates them to continue producing high-quality work.