Computer Architecture Basic 1(TTA)

The correct answer is Arithmetic Logic Unit. ALU stands for Arithmetic Logic Unit, which is a fundamental component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU). It performs arithmetic operations (such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) as well as logical operations (such as AND, OR, and NOT) on binary data. The ALU is responsible for processing and manipulating data according to the instructions provided by the computer program.

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) consists of the Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, and Primary Storage. The Control Unit is responsible for coordinating and controlling the activities of the CPU. The Arithmetic Logic Unit performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. Primary Storage, also known as the main memory, is used to store data and instructions that the CPU needs to access quickly. Secondary storage, such as hard drives or solid-state drives, is not part of the CPU itself but is used for long-term storage.

A compiler is a computer program that converts the entire program into machine language. Unlike an interpreter, which translates the program line by line during runtime, a compiler translates the entire program beforehand. A simulator is a program that imitates the behavior of a system or process. An editor is a program used for creating and modifying code. Therefore, the correct answer is Compiler.

EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. This is a character encoding scheme that was developed by IBM and is primarily used on mainframe computers. It uses 8 bits to represent characters, allowing for a total of 256 different characters to be encoded. The term "binary coded decimal" refers to the way that numbers are represented in EBCDIC, where each decimal digit is encoded using 4 bits. The term "interchange code" indicates that EBCDIC is designed to facilitate the exchange of data between different systems.

Cache memory has the shortest access time among the given options. Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory that stores frequently used data and instructions closer to the CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory (RAM), allowing the CPU to access data and instructions quickly. Due to its proximity to the CPU and the use of faster technologies, cache memory can be accessed much faster than other types of memory such as magnetic bubble memory, magnetic core memory, and RAM.

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. This is a character encoding standard that represents text in computers and other devices. It was developed in the 1960s by a committee led by Robert W. Bemer and became the most widely used character encoding scheme. ASCII uses a 7-bit binary code to represent characters, including letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and control characters. It has been a fundamental part of computer systems and communication protocols, allowing compatibility and interchangeability of data between different devices and platforms.

EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. This type of memory can be erased and reprogrammed electrically, meaning that it does not require any external tools or devices for erasing or programming. It is a non-volatile memory, which means that it retains its data even when the power is turned off. Therefore, the correct answer is "Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory".

The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) of a computer typically contains a number of high-speed storage elements called registers. Registers are small, temporary storage units within the CPU that hold data that is being actively used or processed. They are used to store operands, intermediate results, and control information during the execution of instructions. Being located directly within the CPU, registers provide fast access to data, making them ideal for high-speed computations. Semiconductor memory, hard disks, and magnetic disks are not typically part of the ALU, but rather serve as different types of storage devices within a computer system.

Hexadecimal is commonly used as a shortcut notation for groups of four binary digits. In hexadecimal, each digit represents four binary digits, making it easier to represent and work with large binary numbers. This makes it a convenient number system for computer programming and digital electronics.

RAM (Random Access Memory) allows simultaneous read and write operations. Unlike ROM (Read-Only Memory) or EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), RAM can be both written to and read from at the same time. This makes it a versatile and efficient memory type for various computing tasks.

The correct answer is "Binary Code" because instructions and memory addresses are represented using a binary system, which consists of only two digits, 0 and 1. Binary code is a representation of data using these two digits, making it the most suitable option for representing instructions and memory addresses in computer systems.

A 32-bit microprocessor has a word length of 4 bytes. This means that the microprocessor can process data in chunks of 4 bytes at a time. Each byte consists of 8 bits, so a 32-bit microprocessor can process data in chunks of 32 bits or 4 bytes. This word length is important because it determines the maximum amount of data that can be processed in a single operation, which affects the overall performance and capabilities of the microprocessor.

Secondary storage devices, such as hard drives or flash drives, are designed to store data for long-term use. They do not have the capability to perform arithmetic operations, logic operations, or fetch operations. This means that they cannot perform calculations, logical comparisons, or retrieve specific data from storage. Therefore, the correct answer is "either of the above," as all of the options are true statements about secondary storage devices.

In this context, the term "slave" refers to a device that operates under the control of another device. It suggests that the device in question is subordinate or secondary to the controlling device. The other options provided, such as "stem," "simulator," and "emulator," do not convey the same meaning and are therefore not the correct answer.

An interpreter is a computer program that translates program instructions one at a time into machine language. It reads each line of code and immediately executes it, translating and executing the next line only after the current line is completed. This allows for a faster development process as errors can be identified and corrected quickly. In contrast, a compiler translates the entire program into machine language before execution, resulting in a standalone executable file. A simulator is a program that models the behavior of a system, while the CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the hardware component responsible for executing instructions in a computer.

The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) of a computer responds to the commands coming from the Control Section. The Control Section is responsible for coordinating and controlling the operations of the computer's various components, including the ALU. It receives instructions from the memory and sends signals to the ALU to perform the required arithmetic and logical operations. Therefore, the Control Section is the correct answer as it is responsible for directing the ALU's actions based on the commands received from the memory.

The capacity of a 3.5-inch floppy disk is 1.44 MB. This was a common storage medium used in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was capable of storing a relatively small amount of data compared to modern storage devices, such as USB flash drives or external hard drives. The 1.44 MB capacity was sufficient for storing documents, images, and small software programs. However, as technology advanced, the floppy disk became obsolete and replaced by more efficient and higher-capacity storage options.

Analog computers operate using continuous physical quantities, such as voltage or current, to represent and process data. Unlike digital computers, which require data to be converted into discrete digital form, analog computers directly work with the input in its original analog form. Therefore, the correct answer is that input is never converted into digital form in an analog computer.

In the latest computers, instructions are executed both sequentially and in parallel. This means that some instructions are executed one after the other, in a sequential manner, while other instructions are executed simultaneously, in parallel. This allows for more efficient and faster processing of tasks, as multiple instructions can be executed at the same time.

VGA stands for Video Graphics Array. This term refers to a video display standard that was introduced by IBM in 1987. VGA is capable of displaying a resolution of 640x480 pixels with 16 colors or 320x200 pixels with 256 colors. It has become a widely used standard for connecting computers to monitors and other display devices.

A dumb terminal is a device that is used solely for data entry and storage, without any processing capabilities. Unlike a micro computer or a dedicated data entry system, a dumb terminal does not have its own processing power and relies on a mainframe or a server to perform any data processing tasks. Therefore, it is used only for inputting and storing data, making it the correct answer for the given question.

The responsibility of a logical unit in the CPU is to compare numbers. The logical unit performs logical operations such as comparing two numbers to determine if they are equal, greater than, or less than each other. This is an essential function in the CPU as it allows for decision-making processes and branching instructions based on the comparison results.

The output quality of a Dot Matrix printer is measured by Dots per square inch. This refers to the number of dots that can be printed in a square inch of space. A higher number of dots per square inch indicates a higher resolution and better print quality. Dots per inch refers to the number of dots that can be printed in a linear inch, while dots printed on a line does not provide a comprehensive measure of the overall output quality. Therefore, the most accurate measure of the output quality is the number of dots per square inch.

The set of information that defines the status of resources allocated to a process is called the process description. This includes details such as the process ID, memory allocation, CPU usage, and other information necessary for the operating system to manage and track the process. The process description allows the operating system to effectively allocate and manage resources for each process, ensuring efficient utilization of system resources.

The storage capacity of a disk system depends on the bits per inch of track and the tracks per inch of surface. Each surface of a disk contains multiple tracks, and each track contains a certain number of bits. Therefore, the more bits per inch of track and the more tracks per inch of surface, the higher the storage capacity of the disk system. The other options mentioned (cylinder, hum, and cluster) are not directly related to the storage capacity of a disk system.