1.
Martin Luther began the Protestant reformation in:
Correct Answer
D. 1517
Explanation
Martin Luther began the Protestant reformation in 1517. This is historically accurate as Martin Luther, a German monk and theologian, famously nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. This act is considered the starting point of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that aimed to reform the Catholic Church and led to the establishment of Protestantism as a separate branch of Christianity.
2.
________________ ___________: religious movement begun by Martin Luther in 1517 that led to the repudiation of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe.
Correct Answer
Protestant Reformation
Explanation
The Protestant Reformation refers to a religious movement that was initiated by Martin Luther in 1517. This movement resulted in the rejection or repudiation of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe. It led to the establishment of various Protestant denominations and a significant shift in religious practices and beliefs. The Protestant Reformation had a profound impact on European society and played a crucial role in shaping the religious landscape of the continent.
3.
Which sect of Christianity believes that Salvation comes through faith alone?
Correct Answer
C. Lutheranism
Explanation
Lutheranism believes that salvation comes through faith alone. This belief is based on the teachings of Martin Luther, the founder of the Lutheran Church, who emphasized the concept of "sola fide" or "faith alone." According to Lutheranism, salvation cannot be earned through good works or personal merit, but rather it is received as a gift from God through faith in Jesus Christ. This belief is one of the key differences between Lutheranism and Catholicism, which teaches that faith and good works are necessary for salvation. Anglicanism and Calvinism also have their own distinct beliefs regarding salvation.
4.
Huguenots are French Catholics.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because Huguenots were actually French Protestants, not French Catholics. The Huguenots were followers of the Reformed Church in France during the 16th and 17th centuries. They faced persecution and discrimination from the Catholic majority, which eventually led to conflicts and wars between the two groups. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that Huguenots were French Catholics.
5.
Which country had the Wars of Religion?
Correct Answer
B. France
Explanation
The Wars of Religion refers to a series of conflicts that took place in France during the 16th century. These wars were primarily fought between Catholics and Protestants, with the aim of establishing religious dominance in the country. The conflict had a significant impact on French society, politics, and religious landscape. Therefore, the correct answer is France.
6.
King _________ __ ended the Wars on Religion with the Edict of Nantes (1598), which promoted Religious Toleration.
Correct Answer
Henry IV
King Henry IV
Henry 4
King Henry 4
Explanation
The correct answer is Henry IV, also known as King Henry IV or Henry 4. He ended the Wars on Religion with the Edict of Nantes in 1598, which promoted Religious Toleration.
7.
A _____________ is someone who believed that the survival of the state took precedence over religious differences.
Correct Answer
politique
Explanation
A politique is someone who believed that the survival of the state took precedence over religious differences. This term originated during the French Wars of Religion in the 16th century, when political leaders sought to prioritize the stability and unity of the state over religious conflicts. The politiques advocated for religious tolerance and compromise in order to prevent further violence and division within the country. They believed that the state's survival and prosperity depended on maintaining social order and stability, regardless of religious differences.
8.
coureurs de bois refers to the French colonists who participated in the fur trade with the Indians.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because "coureurs de bois" is a term used to describe French colonists who were involved in the fur trade with the indigenous people in North America. These colonists would venture into the wilderness to trade with the Native Americans for fur pelts, which were highly valuable in Europe. They played a significant role in the early European colonization of North America and the fur trade industry.
9.
The Edict of Nantes was repealed in ________. Only the Catholic faith could now be practiced in New France.
Correct Answer
D. 1625
Explanation
The Edict of Nantes was a decree issued in 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granting religious freedom to the Protestant population in France. However, in 1625, the Edict of Nantes was repealed by King Louis XIII, which meant that only the Catholic faith could be practiced in New France. This repeal marked a significant change in religious tolerance and led to increased persecution of Protestants in the region.
10.
In 1663, King Louis XIV and his minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, took charge of the Colonies. Check all of the reforms and new policies successfully put into place in the colonies during their rule.
Correct Answer(s)
C. Offered bonuses to large families
E. Established government with two officials: governer-general and an intendant
Explanation
During King Louis XIV and Jean-Baptiste Colbert's rule, they successfully implemented reforms and policies in the colonies. They offered bonuses to large families as an incentive to encourage population growth. Additionally, they established a government structure with two officials, a governor-general and an intendant, to effectively govern the colonies. These measures aimed to promote population growth and ensure efficient administration in the colonies.
11.
Seigneurs, or gentry, were the poor landowners in New France.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Seigneurs, or gentry, were not the poor landowners in New France. In fact, they were the wealthy landowners who held large estates and had control over the land and its inhabitants. The seigneurs collected rent from the tenants who lived on their land and had certain rights and privileges. Therefore, the correct answer is False.
12.
Check all of France's "sugar island" colonies.
Correct Answer(s)
B. Saint-Domingue
D. Martinique
F. Guadeloupe
Explanation
The correct answer is Saint-Domingue, Martinique, and Guadeloupe. These three colonies were known as France's "sugar island" colonies because they were major producers of sugar during the colonial period. Saint-Domingue, which is now Haiti, was the most important sugar colony and was considered the "pearl of the Antilles." Martinique and Guadeloupe, both located in the Caribbean, also had significant sugar industries and were important sources of wealth for France.
13.
The Prince of Orange usually served as a _____________, or captain general, of Holland and commanded the armies.
Correct Answer(s)
stadholder
stadtholder
Explanation
The correct answer is stadholder or stadtholder. In the context of the question, the Prince of Orange would serve as a stadholder or stadtholder, which refers to the position of captain general in Holland and the commander of the armies. This position was historically held by the House of Orange-Nassau in the Netherlands.
14.
The __________ __________ was the very weak Legislative assembly of the Netherlands
Correct Answer(s)
States General
Explanation
The States General refers to the legislative assembly of the Netherlands. It is considered to be very weak because it lacks significant power and authority. The States General is not able to make important decisions or pass laws without the approval of the government. This weakness is due to the fact that the executive branch holds most of the power in the Netherlands, leaving the legislative branch with limited influence and control.
15.
In 1609, _______ _______ sailed up the North River and claimed the entire area for the Netherlands. He was one of the first Dutch Explorers.
Correct Answer(s)
Henry Hudson
Explanation
In 1609, Henry Hudson sailed up the North River and claimed the entire area for the Netherlands. He was one of the first Dutch Explorers.
16.
Deacon Pierre Minuit bought Manhattan Island from the Indians in 1626.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Deacon Pierre Minuit did indeed purchase Manhattan Island from the Indians in 1626. This transaction is historically documented and is considered a significant event in the colonization of America.
17.
_________________ were vast estates under a single landlord, mostly along the Hudson River. Most were unsuccessful, with Rensselaerwyck being the exception.
Correct Answer
Patroonships
Explanation
Patroonships were vast estates under a single landlord, mostly along the Hudson River. These estates were granted by the Dutch West India Company to individuals who would then establish colonies and attract settlers. However, most of these patroonships were unsuccessful in attracting settlers and developing successful colonies, with Rensselaerwyck being the only exception.
18.
Which of the colonies was the first pluralistic (ethnically and religiously) society?
Correct Answer
B. New Netherland
Explanation
New Netherland was the first pluralistic society among the given colonies. This can be attributed to the diverse ethnic and religious groups that settled in the region, including Dutch, English, French, German, Scandinavian, and African individuals. The Dutch West India Company, which governed New Netherland, promoted religious tolerance and allowed different groups to practice their own faiths. This led to a multicultural and multi-religious society, making New Netherland the first colony to exhibit such pluralism.
19.
The _________ massacre, caused by Governer Willem Kieft in 1643, caused the decimation of a tribe of Indian refugees. It led to a war with the Algonquian nations that almost destroyed New Netherland.
Correct Answer
Pavonia
Explanation
The Pavonia massacre, caused by Governor Willem Kieft in 1643, resulted in the decimation of a tribe of Indian refugees. This event sparked a war with the Algonquian nations and had a devastating impact on New Netherland.
20.
New Sweden was founded by Deacon Pierre Minuet in 1638.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
New Sweden was indeed founded by Deacon Pierre Minuet in 1638. This settlement was established by the Swedish government in North America and encompassed parts of present-day Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. The purpose of New Sweden was to establish a lucrative fur trade and to compete with the Dutch and English colonies in the region. However, it was eventually taken over by the Dutch in 1655.
21.
__________ (members of the Society of Friends) believe that God was present in all human beings. They were pacifists who rejected oaths, sacraments, and forms of religious worship.
Correct Answer
Quakers
Explanation
Quakers, also known as members of the Society of Friends, believed in the presence of God in all human beings. They were pacifists who rejected oaths, sacraments, and forms of religious worship. Quakers emphasized the importance of individual spiritual experience and direct communion with God, rather than relying on organized rituals or hierarchical religious structures. Their beliefs and practices were centered around simplicity, equality, and social justice, leading them to actively engage in movements for peace, abolition of slavery, and women's rights.
22.
_________ was taken over by Stuyvesant (New Netherlands) in 1655.
Correct Answer
New Sweden
Explanation
In 1655, Stuyvesant, representing the Dutch colony of New Netherlands, took over New Sweden. This implies that New Sweden was previously an independent colony or settlement, but it was eventually conquered by the Dutch.
23.
A _________ is a dutch term for New Englanders that originally meant "land pirate".
Correct Answer
Yankee
Explanation
The term "Yankee" is a Dutch term that was originally used to refer to New Englanders. It was initially meant to describe them as "land pirates."
24.
John Cabot was the first man sent by the English to explore America.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
John Cabot was indeed the first man sent by the English to explore America. He was an Italian explorer commissioned by King Henry VII of England in 1496 to find a westward route to Asia. Cabot's voyage led him to the coast of North America, specifically Newfoundland, making him the first recorded European explorer to reach mainland North America since the Norse Vikings. This exploration paved the way for future English colonization and the eventual establishment of the United States.
25.
______________ were extreme English Protestant groups that followed the teachings of John Calvin. (ex. Pilgrims and Puritans)
Correct Answer
Separatists
Seperatists
Explanation
The correct answer is "Separatists." Separatists were extreme English Protestant groups that followed the teachings of John Calvin. They believed in separating from the Church of England and establishing their own independent churches. They were known for their strict religious beliefs and practices, and many of them eventually migrated to America in search of religious freedom. "Seperatists" is a misspelling of the word and is therefore incorrect.
26.
________ (last name only) became a slave trader. He barely escaped the sinking of his six ships with Francis Drake.
Correct Answer
Hawkins
Explanation
Hawkins became a slave trader and narrowly survived the sinking of his six ships alongside Francis Drake.
27.
When the English thought of the Americas, they used which country as a model? This country was the primary settlement location for the English until after 1700.
Correct Answer
C. Ireland
Explanation
The English used Ireland as a model when they thought of the Americas. Ireland was the primary settlement location for the English until after 1700.
28.
Sir _______ ______ was one of the most brutal attackers of the Irish.
Correct Answer
Humphrey Gilbert
Humphrey
Explanation
Humphrey Gilbert was known for his brutal attacks on the Irish.
29.
Sir Walter Raleigh made two attempts to create a colony. Only one was successful.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Sir Walter Raleigh made two attempts to create a colony. The statement says that only one attempt was successful. However, this is not true. Both of Sir Walter Raleigh's attempts to create a colony were unsuccessful. The Roanoke Colony, his first attempt, mysteriously disappeared, and his second attempt in South America also failed. Therefore, the correct answer is False.
30.
________ was the first successful English settlement.
Correct Answer
Jamestown
Explanation
Jamestown was the first successful English settlement in the Americas. Established in 1607, it was located in the present-day state of Virginia. Jamestown was founded by the Virginia Company of London and became a permanent settlement after enduring various challenges, including conflicts with Native Americans and harsh living conditions. Its success paved the way for future English colonies and played a significant role in shaping the history of the United States.
31.
Jamestown was a successful colony initially, then took a downwards turn in 1609.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Jamestown was indeed a successful colony initially, as it was the first permanent English settlement in North America. However, in 1609, the colony faced a series of challenges, including a severe drought, food shortages, and conflicts with Native American tribes. These difficulties led to a period known as the "Starving Time," during which many colonists died. Therefore, it is accurate to say that Jamestown took a downwards turn in 1609.
32.
A _____-_______ _________ was a form of business organization where a group of individuals invest in one common project, such as the establishment of a colony.
Correct Answer
joint-stock company
joint stock company
Explanation
A joint-stock company, also known as a joint stock company, was a type of business organization where a group of individuals pooled their resources together to invest in a common project, such as the establishment of a colony. This allowed for the sharing of both profits and losses among the investors, providing a way to spread the risk and attract more capital for large-scale ventures.
33.
The leader of Jamestown was Captain _______ ________. He helped the colony survive.
Correct Answer
John Smith
Explanation
John Smith was the leader of Jamestown and played a crucial role in ensuring the survival of the colony. He established strict discipline and implemented necessary measures to secure food and resources for the settlers. Smith also formed alliances with local Native American tribes, which helped in trading and acquiring provisions. His leadership and determination were instrumental in overcoming the initial hardships faced by the Jamestown colony and laying the foundation for its eventual success.
34.
The House of Burgesses was an assembly of early Virginia elected by settlers that met with the governer and his council.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The House of Burgesses was indeed an assembly of early Virginia elected by settlers that met with the governor and his council. This assembly was established in 1619 and was the first representative legislative body in the American colonies. It played a significant role in the development of self-government in Virginia and served as a model for other colonies. The House of Burgesses allowed settlers to have a voice in the decision-making process and helped lay the foundation for democratic governance in the American colonies.
35.
The system where a colonist recieves 50 acres of land for every person whose passage to America he financed is called the:
Correct Answer
C. Headright system
Explanation
The headright system was a system in colonial America where a colonist would receive 50 acres of land for every person whose passage to America they financed. This system was implemented to encourage the recruitment of labor and the settlement of new colonies. By offering land as an incentive, it attracted individuals to finance the transportation of indentured servants or other immigrants to the colonies. This helped increase the population and development of the colonies, as well as provided opportunities for individuals to acquire land and establish themselves in the new world.
36.
The Opechancanough Massacre of 1622 was where the Indians nearly destroyed Jamestown.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The Opechancanough Massacre of 1622 refers to a significant event in the early history of Jamestown, where Native American tribes led by Opechancanough launched a surprise attack on the English settlers. This attack resulted in the deaths of nearly a third of the English population in Jamestown and caused significant destruction to the settlement. Therefore, the statement that the Indians nearly destroyed Jamestown during the Opechancanough Massacre is true.
37.
A ______ is an area served by one church.
Correct Answer
parish
Explanation
A parish is an area served by one church. It is a geographical region or district that is under the jurisdiction of a particular church and its clergy. The term "parish" is commonly used in religious contexts to refer to a specific community of believers who attend and are served by a single church. The boundaries of a parish can vary depending on the denomination or religious organization, but the concept remains the same - a defined area that is the responsibility of a specific church for spiritual guidance, pastoral care, and religious services.
38.
The vestry was a group of prominent men who managed the affairs of the Catholic church.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The vestry was not a group of prominent men who managed the affairs of the Catholic church. In fact, the vestry is typically associated with the Anglican Church, where it refers to a group of laypeople responsible for the financial and administrative aspects of a parish. In the Catholic church, the equivalent would be the parish council or finance committee. Therefore, the statement is false.
39.
__________ was Jamestown's main crop.
Correct Answer
Tobacco
Explanation
Jamestown's main crop was tobacco. Tobacco was a highly profitable and sought-after crop during the early years of the Jamestown settlement. It was introduced to the colonists by John Rolfe in the early 17th century and quickly became their primary source of income. The fertile soil and favorable climate of Virginia allowed for successful tobacco cultivation, leading to the economic growth and prosperity of Jamestown. The cultivation and export of tobacco played a significant role in shaping the colony's economy and attracting more settlers to the region.
40.
Lord Baltimore was the lord proprietor of:
Correct Answer
D. Maryland
Explanation
Lord Baltimore, also known as George Calvert, was indeed the lord proprietor of Maryland. He was granted a charter by King Charles I in 1632 to establish a colony in the Chesapeake Bay area. Lord Baltimore envisioned Maryland as a refuge for English Catholics who faced persecution in England. He implemented policies that promoted religious tolerance and established a representative government in the colony. Maryland became a prosperous tobacco colony and played a significant role in the development of the early American colonies.
41.
The Toleration Act of 1649 granted freedom of worship to all but Catholics in Maryland.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The Toleration Act of 1649 granted freedom of worship to all in Maryland, including Catholics. This act was passed by the Maryland General Assembly in order to promote religious tolerance and prevent religious persecution. It was an important step towards establishing religious freedom in the American colonies.
42.
Which colony had the highest life expectancy?
Correct Answer
C. New England
Explanation
New England had the highest life expectancy among the given colonies. This can be attributed to several factors, such as a more favorable climate, better access to clean water and sanitation, and a healthier diet. New England colonies also had a higher literacy rate and were more focused on education and healthcare, which likely contributed to their longer life expectancy compared to the other colonies.
43.
Pocohontas was married to _______ _______.
Correct Answer
John Rolf
John Rolfe
Explanation
The correct answer is John Rolfe.
44.
The _______ were Separatists who first left for the Netherlands in 1607.
Correct Answer
Pilgrims
Explanation
The answer to the question is "Pilgrims". The Pilgrims were a group of Separatists who left for the Netherlands in 1607. They were seeking religious freedom and settled in Leiden, Netherlands before eventually making their famous journey on the Mayflower to establish the Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts. The term "Pilgrims" is commonly used to refer to these early English settlers in America.
45.
The Puritans, who settled in Massachussetts bay, embraced convenant theology. According to this system, God made two convenants with all mankind. Check these two covenants.
Correct Answer(s)
C. Covenant of works
D. Covenants of grace
Explanation
The Puritans, who settled in Massachusetts Bay, embraced covenant theology, which states that God made two covenants with all mankind. The first covenant is the covenant of works, which refers to the idea that humans must obey God's laws in order to earn salvation. The second covenant is the covenant of grace, which emphasizes that salvation is a gift from God that cannot be earned through works. Therefore, the correct answer includes both the covenant of works and the covenants of grace.
46.
The _______ were people who were selected by God for salvation.
Correct Answer(s)
elect
Explanation
The term "elect" refers to individuals who have been chosen or selected by God for salvation. This concept is often associated with certain religious beliefs, where it is believed that God has predestined certain individuals to receive his grace and be saved. The "elect" are seen as being favored by God and granted the gift of salvation through his divine choice. This term is commonly used in theological discussions and teachings to describe this select group of individuals.
47.
The Massachusetts Bay joint-stock corporation, led by John Winthrop, used a royal charter to create the ______ _____, or the Massachusetts Legislature.
Correct Answer
C. The General Court
Explanation
The Massachusetts Bay joint-stock corporation, led by John Winthrop, used a royal charter to create the General Court, which refers to the Massachusetts Legislature. The General Court was the legislative body responsible for making laws and governing the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It consisted of representatives from various towns and was an important institution in the early governance of the colony.
48.
_________ was a religious radical who attracted a large following in Massachussetts. She was banished to Rhode Island in 1638.
Correct Answer
Ann Hutchinson
Explanation
Ann Hutchinson was a religious radical who gained a significant number of followers in Massachusetts. Due to her controversial beliefs and teachings, she was expelled from the colony and forced to relocate to Rhode Island in 1638.
49.
________ was a Separatist who refused to worship with anyone who did not explicitly repudiate the Church of England.
Correct Answer
Roger Williams
Explanation
Roger Williams was a Separatist who believed in complete separation of church and state. He strongly opposed the Church of England and refused to worship with anyone who did not explicitly reject it. Williams was a vocal advocate for religious freedom and believed that individuals should have the right to practice their own faith without interference from the government or any other religious institution. His views on religious freedom and separation of church and state were influential in the development of the United States' constitutional provisions on religious liberty.
50.
Open-field agriculture was a system where farmers owned scattered strips of land within a common field and the town decided which crop to grow.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Open-field agriculture was indeed a system where farmers owned scattered strips of land within a common field. In this system, the town or village would decide which crop to grow and when to plant and harvest it. The land was divided into smaller strips, and each farmer would have their own strip to cultivate. This allowed for efficient use of the land and resources, as well as communal decision-making in terms of crop selection. Therefore, the given statement is true.