CNS Drugs ETC - Pharmacology
- 1.Glutamate
- A.
Role = excitation
- B.
Binds to NMDA channels which causes ion channels to open. Na+ and Ca2+ efflux and K+ influx
- C.
Glutamate hypofunction is associated with negative symptoms of psychosis
- D.
Smoking marijuana causes increased glutamate release
- 2.Dopamine
- A.
Role = inhibition
- B.
D2 receptors bound presynaptically by dopamine cause decreased Ca2+, which decreases dopamine release
- C.
Low dopamine in the limbic system is linked with positive symptoms
- D.
Antipsychotics that block D2 receptors can cause Parkinson's like symptoms
- E.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors cause decrease in dopamine
- F.
Use of cocaine causes increased release of dopamine
- 3.GABA
- A.
Role= Excitation
- B.
Binds GABA(B) to increase Cl- influx into the cell
- C.
Barbiturates in high doses can activate GABA receptors without the presence of GABA
- 4.Which of the following cause CNS depression?
- A.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
- B.
Phenobarbital
- C.
Heroin
- D.
Ethanol
- 5.The dopamine pathway associated with movement _______
- 6.Tricyclic antidepressants are used to treat _______depression
- 7.Which of the following is CORRECT?
- A.
Clonidine helps with autonomic symptoms of withdrawal (from opiods, sedatives)
- B.
Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system is always converting ethanol to acetaladehyde
- C.
Symptoms of withdrawal are more common from use of benzodiazepines then from ethanol and barbiturates
- D.
The adverse effects of stimulants are psychosis and delusions + decreased sympathomimetic activity
- E.
Benzodiazepines are used to treat ethanol withdrawal
- F.
Most hallucinogens are fatal with the exception of PCP which is generally safe
- G.
All of the above
- H.
A, b, e
- I.
A and e
- J.
A, d, e
- 8.Which of the following is CORRECT?
- A.
Tangles = extracellular twists of phosphorylated tau protein
- B.
Plaques = extracellular deposits of beta-amyloid protein
- C.
Bupropion increases dopamine levels
- D.
SSRIs activate P450 enzyme, which is the enzyme used to metabolize tricyclic antidepressants
- E.
MAOIs take a long time to produce an effect because it takes time for changes to result from increased MAO levels (such as the production of BDNFs)
- F.
All of the above
- G.
B, c, e
- H.
B and e
- I.
B, c, d and e
- 9.Which of the following is CORRECT
- A.
Lithium causes a decrease in IP3 and DAG
- B.
Serotonin Syndrome = seizures, cardiovascular instability, hyperthermia and severe musclar rigidity
- C.
Glutatmate hypothesis = NMDA antagonists cause decreased dopamine in the limbic system
- D.
The metabolites of phenobarbital are active
- E.
Olazapine blocks muscarinic receptors which results in atropine like symptoms
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