CME Practice Test #2

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1. It is important to advise patients which of the following after a laser treatment?

Explanation

After a laser treatment, it is important to advise patients to avoid sun exposure. This is because laser treatments can make the skin more sensitive to the sun's harmful UV rays, increasing the risk of sunburn and other skin damage. By avoiding sun exposure, patients can help protect their skin and promote proper healing after the treatment.

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About This Quiz
CME Practice Test #2 - Quiz

CME practice test #2 assesses key knowledge for laser treatment procedures, including patient information collection, hair follicle conditions, and the use of cooling devices. It emphasizes the importance... see moreof thorough documentation and patient education on treatment expectations. see less

2. A correct statement about health history documentation is that it is?

Explanation

Health history documentation is necessary for each patient without exception because it provides crucial information about a patient's medical background, including any pre-existing conditions, allergies, medications, and past surgeries. This information helps healthcare professionals make informed decisions about the patient's current and future treatment plans. Additionally, health history documentation allows for continuity of care, as it can be referred to by different healthcare providers involved in the patient's care. It also serves as a legal and ethical requirement to ensure patient safety and provide the best possible healthcare.

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3. A requirement for foot switches that directly pulse the laser is that they be?

Explanation

The requirement for foot switches that directly pulse the laser is that they be hooded. A hooded foot switch provides protection and prevents accidental activation of the laser. It ensures that the laser is only activated when intended, reducing the risk of injury or damage.

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4. During the initial consultation, the patient should be informed that the process will take?

Explanation

The correct answer is "a series of treatments" because during the initial consultation, it is important to inform the patient that the process will require multiple sessions or treatments. This suggests that the treatment is not a one-time event, but rather a series of sessions that will be needed to achieve the desired outcome.

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5. Which part of the human body is most vulnerable to laser light?

Explanation

The eyes are the most vulnerable part of the human body to laser light. This is because the eyes are highly sensitive to light and can be easily damaged by intense laser beams. Exposure to laser light can cause permanent damage to the retina, leading to vision loss or even blindness. It is important to protect the eyes when working with or around lasers to prevent any potential harm.

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6. Which of the following drugs increase photosensitivity?

Explanation

Accutane is a medication that is known to increase photosensitivity. This means that it can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight and UV rays, leading to an increased risk of sunburn and skin damage. It is important for individuals taking Accutane to take precautions such as wearing sunscreen and protective clothing when exposed to the sun to minimize the risk of adverse effects.

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7. Your laser hair removal patient has a dark green tattooon the upper arm. How should this be managed?

Explanation

The correct answer is to cover the tattoo with white material and treat the hairs around the tattoo with a reasonable margin of safety. This is because the laser used for hair removal may not be able to effectively target or remove the green ink in the tattoo. By covering the tattoo with white material, it helps to prevent the laser from inadvertently targeting the tattoo and causing potential damage or discoloration. Treating the hairs around the tattoo with a margin of safety ensures that the hair removal treatment is still effective without compromising the tattoo.

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8. The effect of skin turning red after treatment is referred to as?

Explanation

Erythema refers to the redness of the skin that occurs after treatment. It is a common side effect that can be caused by various factors such as inflammation, increased blood flow, or dilation of blood vessels. Erythema is often seen after procedures like laser treatments, chemical peels, or sunburns. It is important to note that erythema is a temporary condition and usually resolves on its own within a few hours or days.

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9. Hair removal lasers are effective on the following follicle structure?

Explanation

Hair removal lasers are effective on all types of follicle structures, including curved, distorted, and straight. This is because the lasers target the pigment in the hair follicles, regardless of their shape or condition. The light energy from the laser is absorbed by the pigment, which then heats up and destroys the follicle, preventing future hair growth. Therefore, all types of follicle structures can be successfully treated with hair removal lasers.

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10. The most common type of laser used for hair removal is?

Explanation

Pulsed lasers are the most common type of laser used for hair removal because they deliver short bursts of energy to the targeted area. These lasers emit light in pulses, allowing for precise and controlled treatment. The pulses of energy are absorbed by the pigment in the hair follicles, damaging them and inhibiting future hair growth. Pulsed lasers are effective at removing unwanted hair and are often used in professional hair removal clinics.

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11. What is laser light?

Explanation

Monochromatic light refers to light that consists of only a single wavelength or color. This means that all the photons in the beam have the same frequency and energy. Laser light is an example of monochromatic light as it is produced by a process called stimulated emission, which ensures that all the photons emitted have the same frequency. This property of laser light allows for its unique characteristics such as coherence, directionality, and high intensity.

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12. A 755 nm wavelength is specific to which of the following lasers?

Explanation

The correct answer is Alexandrite because it is the only laser among the options that emits light at a 755 nm wavelength. Nd Yag lasers typically emit light at a wavelength of 1064 nm, Diode lasers can vary in wavelength but are commonly used in the range of 800-980 nm, and Ruby lasers emit light at a wavelength of 694.3 nm. Therefore, Alexandrite is the only laser that matches the given wavelength of 755 nm.

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13. Laser light cannot?

Explanation

Laser light cannot cause intracellular changes in DNA. Laser light is a concentrated beam of light that generates heat and energy, which can be used for various purposes such as cutting, welding, or medical treatments. However, laser light does not have the ability to directly alter the structure or genetic material of DNA within cells. Other forms of radiation, such as ultraviolet light or ionizing radiation, are known to cause DNA damage and intracellular changes.

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14. Laser is ineffective on hair that has?

Explanation

Laser hair removal works by targeting the pigment in the hair follicles, which absorbs the laser energy and destroys the follicle. Therefore, hair that has little or no pigment cannot effectively absorb the laser energy, making laser treatment ineffective on such hair.

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15. A "basic" Fitzpatrick scale takes into account?

Explanation

The basic Fitzpatrick scale takes into account skin color, natural hair color, and sensitivity to sunlight. This scale is used to classify different skin types based on their reaction to sun exposure. Skin color is an important factor as it can determine the level of melanin in the skin, which affects how it responds to sunlight. Natural hair color is also considered as it can indicate the presence of certain pigments in the body. Sensitivity to sunlight is included as it helps determine the individual's susceptibility to sunburn and other skin conditions.

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16. The energy level of a laser, measured in joules, is known as?

Explanation

Energy fluence refers to the amount of energy delivered per unit area. In the context of lasers, it represents the energy level of the laser beam. Measured in joules, energy fluence determines the intensity and effectiveness of laser treatments. It is an important parameter in various applications such as laser surgery, laser hair removal, and laser skin rejuvenation. By controlling the energy fluence, practitioners can precisely target specific tissues or structures, achieving desired therapeutic outcomes while minimizing damage to surrounding areas.

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17. When excited with a flashlamp, the Alexandrite crystal emits radiation at?

Explanation

When excited with a flashlamp, the Alexandrite crystal emits radiation at 755 nm. Alexandrite is a type of chrysoberyl that exhibits a phenomenon known as "alexandrite effect," where the color of the crystal changes depending on the light source. In this case, when the crystal is excited by a flashlamp, it emits light with a wavelength of 755 nm, which corresponds to a deep red color. This property makes Alexandrite a popular gemstone due to its unique color-changing ability.

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18. The amount of time it takes a substance after heating, to return to its normal temerature is known as?

Explanation

Thermal relaxation time refers to the amount of time it takes for a substance to cool down and return to its normal temperature after being heated. It is a measure of how quickly heat dissipates from the substance. This concept is important in various fields such as thermodynamics and materials science, as it helps in understanding the behavior and properties of different substances when exposed to heat.

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19. What type of non-laser light is also used for hair removal?

Explanation

Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a type of non-laser light that is commonly used for hair removal. IPL uses a broad spectrum of light wavelengths to target and destroy hair follicles. It is effective in removing hair from various parts of the body and can be used on different skin types. Unlike laser diode, xenon flash lamp, and light emitting diode (LED), which are also types of non-laser lights, IPL specifically emits intense pulses of light to achieve hair removal.

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20. The acronym LASER stands for?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". This is because LASER is an acronym that stands for Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. This term describes the process by which a laser device produces a highly concentrated beam of light through the amplification of light waves through stimulated emission.

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21. Select the response with all correct laser safety precautions?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Door warning sign, hooded foot petal, safety eyewear, emergency stop switch, no mirrors in treatment room." These precautions are important for laser safety. The door warning sign alerts individuals to the presence of a laser and reminds them to take necessary precautions. The hooded foot petal helps to prevent accidental activation of the laser. Safety eyewear protects the eyes from laser radiation. The emergency stop switch allows for immediate shutdown of the laser in case of an emergency. Mirrors in the treatment room can reflect the laser beam and cause unintended exposure.

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22. Longer laser wavelengths?

Explanation

Longer laser wavelengths have the ability to penetrate more deeply into the target material or tissue. This is because longer wavelengths have lower energy and are less likely to be absorbed or scattered by the medium they pass through. As a result, longer wavelengths can reach and affect deeper layers, making them more suitable for applications where deep penetration is required, such as medical treatments or material processing.

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23. Select the laser that should be used to remove hair from a patient with very dark skin?

Explanation

The correct answer is Diode or Nd-Yag laser. Diode laser and Nd-Yag laser are both suitable for removing hair from patients with very dark skin. These lasers have longer wavelengths that can bypass the melanin in the skin, reducing the risk of burns or hyperpigmentation. They are considered safer and more effective for darker skin types compared to other lasers like Ruby, Argon, Erbium-Yag, or Alexandrite lasers.

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24. What is OSHA?

Explanation

OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Hazard Administration. It is a regulatory agency in the United States that is responsible for ensuring safe and healthy working conditions for employees. OSHA sets and enforces standards to prevent workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. The agency conducts inspections, provides training and education, and imposes penalties for non-compliance with safety regulations. OSHA plays a crucial role in protecting workers and promoting a safe working environment across various industries.

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25. Which are positive reactions to the skin indication a successful LHR treatment?

Explanation

Perifollicular erythema and perifollicular edema are positive reactions that indicate a successful LHR (laser hair removal) treatment. These reactions suggest that the laser has effectively targeted the hair follicles, leading to inflammation and swelling around the hair follicles. This is a normal response and indicates that the treatment is working as intended. Polyfolliculitis and eschars, on the other hand, are not positive reactions and may indicate complications or adverse effects of the treatment.

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26. Documentation of a patient is of importance because?

Explanation

Documentation of a patient is important because poor documentation can lead to the appearance of malpractice, negligence, fraud, and abuse. Accurate and detailed documentation is essential for healthcare providers to track and communicate patient information, treatments, and outcomes. It helps in ensuring patient safety, continuity of care, and legal protection for both the patient and the healthcare provider. In case of any legal or regulatory inspections, inspectors may ask to see patient files to assess the quality of care provided. Moreover, maintaining patient files for a specified period of time is necessary for legal and historical purposes.

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27. Optical density labeling on laser safety eyewear refers to?

Explanation

Optical density labeling on laser safety eyewear refers to the amount of protection against a specific wavelength. This labeling indicates the ability of the eyewear to block or attenuate the laser light at a particular wavelength, ensuring that the wearer is adequately protected against potential eye damage. The higher the optical density, the greater the level of protection provided by the eyewear.

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28. Two or more hairs sharing a single follicle are referred to as?

Explanation

Pili-multigemeni refers to the condition where multiple hairs emerge from a single follicle. This can occur due to various reasons such as genetic factors or certain medical conditions. It is different from club hair, which refers to a hair that has stopped growing and is in a resting phase. Tombstone hair and replacement hair are not terms commonly used in relation to multiple hairs sharing a single follicle.

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29. Select the FDA class of laser that presents both a direct and reflected hazard?

Explanation

FDA class IV lasers present both a direct and reflected hazard. Class IV lasers are high-powered lasers that can cause severe burns and eye damage, both from direct exposure and from reflected beams. These lasers require strict safety precautions and are typically used in industrial and medical applications where high power is necessary.

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30. The organization responsible for precaution recommendations to minimize the transmission of blood born pathogens is?

Explanation

The Center for Disease Control (CDC) is responsible for providing precaution recommendations to minimize the transmission of bloodborne pathogens. The CDC is a national public health agency in the United States that focuses on preventing and controlling infectious diseases. They provide guidelines and recommendations for healthcare professionals and the general public to prevent the spread of diseases, including bloodborne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Their recommendations help to ensure the safety of healthcare workers and the general population when dealing with blood and other potentially infectious materials.

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31. Because of sun sensitivity, "red heads" must always be considered which Fitzpatrick type?

Explanation

"Red heads" typically have fair skin, freckles, and light-colored hair. These characteristics are commonly associated with Fitzpatrick Type I, which is characterized by very fair skin that always burns and never tans. Therefore, it is important to consider Fitzpatrick Type I for individuals with red hair due to their increased sensitivity to the sun.

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32. Components of a laser include?

Explanation

The components of a laser include a flashlamp or other high intensity non-coherent light source, a lasing medium, and fiber optics and lenses. All of these components are necessary for the functioning of a laser. The flashlamp or non-coherent light source provides the initial energy to excite the lasing medium. The lasing medium is responsible for producing the coherent light. Fiber optics and lenses are used to guide and manipulate the laser beam. Therefore, all of the given options are correct components of a laser.

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33. Select the wavelength of a long-pulsed Ruby laser?

Explanation

The correct answer is 694 nm. Ruby lasers are solid-state lasers that use a synthetic ruby crystal as the gain medium. These lasers emit red light and have a wavelength of 694 nm. This specific wavelength is determined by the energy levels of the ruby crystal and the transition between them.

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34. The target for laser hair removal is?

Explanation

Melanin is the correct answer for the target of laser hair removal. Melanin is the pigment responsible for the color of our skin and hair. Laser hair removal works by targeting the melanin in the hair follicles, heating and damaging them to inhibit future hair growth. The laser is attracted to the melanin in the hair, which absorbs the light energy and converts it into heat. This heat then destroys the hair follicle, preventing further hair growth. Therefore, melanin is the target for laser hair removal treatment.

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35. The longer pulse widths are considered more effective because?

Explanation

Longer pulse widths are considered more effective because they penetrate deeper into the tissue. This allows for a more thorough and targeted treatment, reaching deeper layers of the skin or tissue. By penetrating deeper, the treatment can address underlying issues and provide better results. Additionally, deeper penetration can also help stimulate collagen production and promote skin rejuvenation.

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36. When tissue has been injured, fluid escapes the blood vessels to surround the damaged tissue. This is referred to as?

Explanation

When tissue is injured, fluid escapes from the blood vessels and accumulates around the damaged area. This accumulation of fluid is known as edema. Edema is a natural response of the body to injury and inflammation, as it helps to provide nutrients and immune cells to the damaged tissue. It can cause swelling, pain, and discomfort in the affected area.

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37. An allergic phototoxic reaction can occur up to ______ post-treatment?

Explanation

An allergic phototoxic reaction can occur up to 24 hours post-treatment. This means that after being exposed to a certain substance or treatment, an individual may experience an allergic reaction with increased sensitivity to sunlight or other sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation within 24 hours. It is important to be aware of this timeframe to take necessary precautions and avoid further exposure to UV radiation, which can worsen the reaction.

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38. What is the waiting period before laser treatment after a patient stops taking accutane?

Explanation

The waiting period before laser treatment after a patient stops taking Accutane is 180 days or 6 months. This is because Accutane, a medication used to treat severe acne, can cause the skin to become more sensitive and prone to damage during laser treatments. Waiting for this period allows the medication to fully clear from the patient's system, reducing the risk of adverse reactions and ensuring optimal results from the laser treatment.

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39. Risks of laser treatment include all of the following except?

Explanation

The question asks for the risk of laser treatment that is not included in the given options. Nodules are not typically listed as a risk of laser treatment, so the correct answer is "Nodules." This suggests that the other options, ecchymosis, hypopigmentation, and edema, are risks associated with laser treatment.

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40. The principle that says energy must be absorbed by an object in order to produce an effect is called?

Explanation

The Grothus-Draper law states that in order for a chemical reaction to occur, energy must be absorbed by the reactants. This means that energy is required to break the existing bonds before new ones can be formed. This principle is important in understanding the energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and is a fundamental concept in chemistry.

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41. What is most critical for protecting the skin during laser hair removal? 

Explanation

Cooling the skin is most critical for protecting the skin during laser hair removal. Laser hair removal involves using a laser to target and destroy the hair follicles. This process can generate heat, which can potentially damage the surrounding skin. Cooling the skin helps to minimize this risk by reducing the temperature of the skin and minimizing any potential discomfort or burns. It also helps to protect the skin from any potential side effects such as redness or swelling. Therefore, cooling the skin is an important step in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of laser hair removal.

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42. What can occur with excess heating of the skin?

Explanation

Excess heating of the skin can lead to various reactions. Hypopigmentation refers to the loss of skin color, which can occur due to damage to the melanocytes. Hyperpigmentation, on the other hand, refers to the darkening of the skin caused by an increase in melanin production. Lastly, hypertrophies refer to the abnormal enlargement or thickening of the skin. All of these reactions can occur when the skin is exposed to excessive heat.

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43. The wavelength of the Ruby Laser is?

Explanation

The correct answer is 694.3 nm. This is the wavelength of the Ruby Laser. Different lasers operate at different wavelengths, and the Ruby Laser specifically emits light at a wavelength of 694.3 nm. This specific wavelength is determined by the properties of the ruby crystal used in the laser's construction.

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44. An increase in color in cells post treatment is referred to as?

Explanation

Hyperpigmentation refers to an increase in color in cells post treatment. It is a common condition characterized by the darkening of certain areas of the skin due to the overproduction of melanin. This can occur as a result of various factors such as sun exposure, hormonal changes, inflammation, or certain medications. Hyperpigmentation can manifest as dark spots, patches, or uneven skin tone.

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45. Permanent hair reduction according to the FDA is defined as?

Explanation

Permanent hair reduction, according to the FDA, refers to a long-term stable reduction in the number of hair regrowing after a treatment regime. This means that after undergoing a series of treatments, there will be a significant decrease in the amount of hair that grows back in the treated area. This reduction should be stable over time, indicating a permanent change in hair growth patterns. It does not necessarily mean complete hair removal, but rather a substantial and lasting reduction in hair regrowth.

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46. Thermal Relaxation Time (TRT) refers to?

Explanation

Thermal Relaxation Time (TRT) refers to the time it takes for the target structure to lose 50% of the heat absorbed. It is a measure of how quickly the target structure can cool off after being heated. This time is important in various applications, such as laser-induced thermal therapies, where precise control of the thermal effects is necessary. By understanding the TRT, one can optimize the timing and intensity of laser pulses to achieve the desired therapeutic outcome.

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47. The following information should be included on a patient's chart?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Date of treatment, spot size, and joules." This information is important to include on a patient's chart because it helps track the progress and effectiveness of the treatment. The date of treatment allows for proper documentation and chronological organization of the patient's medical history. Spot size and joules are specific parameters used in certain treatments, such as laser procedures, and are crucial for ensuring the correct settings are used and for monitoring the patient's response to the treatment. Height, weight, country of origin, blood pressure, and natural hair color are also important pieces of information to include on a patient's chart, but they are not directly related to the specific treatment being performed.

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48. Select the potential contraindication to laser hair removal?

Explanation

All of the options listed (sun sensitivity, black skin, history of hypertrophic scarring) can be potential contraindications to laser hair removal. Sun sensitivity can increase the risk of complications and damage to the skin during the procedure. Black skin may be more prone to pigmentation changes or burns from the laser. A history of hypertrophic scarring suggests a tendency for the skin to heal with excessive scar tissue formation, which may be worsened by the laser treatment. Therefore, all of these factors should be considered as contraindications to laser hair removal.

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49. Which fitzpatrick skin types are more susceptible to skin cancer?

Explanation

Fitzpatrick skin types I and II are more susceptible to skin cancer. These skin types have fair skin, light hair, and light-colored eyes, which means they have less melanin and are more prone to sunburn. Sunburns increase the risk of developing skin cancer, especially melanoma. Therefore, individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types I and II should take extra precautions to protect their skin from the sun and regularly check for any signs of skin cancer.

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50. Laser is equivalent to which of the following modalities?

Explanation

Thermolysis is the correct answer because laser hair removal and thermolysis are both methods of hair removal that use heat to target and destroy hair follicles. IPL, Galvanic, and Blend electrolysis are different modalities that use different techniques or technologies for hair removal.

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51. What is used to cool the inside of most pulsed lasers during operation?

Explanation

Distilled water is used to cool the inside of most pulsed lasers during operation. This is because distilled water has a high heat capacity and can effectively absorb and dissipate heat generated by the laser. Additionally, distilled water is non-conductive, which helps prevent any electrical damage to the laser components. Using distilled water as a coolant ensures that the laser operates at an optimal temperature, preventing overheating and maintaining its efficiency and performance.

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52. Light absorption is required for an effect in tissue. Without absorption, no affect or damage can be observed. This is known as?

Explanation

The Grothus Draper Law states that in order for a photochemical effect to occur in tissue, light must be absorbed. Without absorption, no effect or damage can be observed. This law is based on the principle that light energy is converted into chemical energy when it is absorbed by a substance. Therefore, the correct answer is Grothus Draper Law.

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53. What is the chromophore when using the Nd: Yag laser for hair removal?

Explanation

The Nd: Yag laser is commonly used for hair removal, and its chromophore, or the target of its energy, is melanin. Melanin is the pigment responsible for the color of our hair and skin. In the case of hair removal, the laser targets the melanin present in the hair shaft and bulb, where it absorbs the laser energy and converts it into heat. This heat damages the hair follicle, inhibiting future hair growth. Therefore, the correct answer is melanin in the hair shaft and bulb.

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54. Retinal hazard is possible at which of the following wavelengths?

Explanation

The correct answer is 400-1400 nm. This range of wavelengths includes both the visible and infrared light spectrum. Retinal hazard refers to the potential harm that can be caused to the retina of the eye. Light within this wavelength range can penetrate the eye and cause damage to the retina, leading to vision problems or even blindness. Therefore, it is important to protect the eyes from prolonged exposure to light within this range.

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55. What is the definition of "fluence threshold"?

Explanation

The term "fluence threshold" refers to the highest laser setting that the skin can withstand without being damaged. This means that it is the maximum amount of laser energy that can be applied to the skin without causing harm or injury. It is important to find and adhere to this threshold to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient during laser treatments.

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56. Using the Fitzpatrick skin phototype Scale, a person who is described as having fair skin accompanied by light brown or red hair, has green or blue eyes and who and always burns is determined to be what skin type?

Explanation

Based on the description provided, the person has fair skin, light brown or red hair, and green or blue eyes. Additionally, it is mentioned that the person always burns. According to the Fitzpatrick skin phototype Scale, Skin type I is characterized by very fair skin that always burns and never tans. Therefore, the person described in the question falls under Skin type I.

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57. During an initial consultation, the patient says that his co-worker was treated by you. When asked if you recall treating the co-worker, you should?

Explanation

In this scenario, when the patient mentions that his co-worker was treated by the doctor, it is important for the doctor to respond by explaining HIPAA in a friendly manner. This is because HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) is a federal law that protects the privacy and confidentiality of patients' medical information. By explaining HIPAA, the doctor can inform the patient about the importance of maintaining patient confidentiality and reassure them that their own medical information will be treated with the same level of privacy and respect.

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58. A female patient (Fitzpatrick II) has had five full body treatments. She states that her legs are not responding. The examination reveals she still has fairly dark coarse hairs on lower legs, the rest of the treatment areas show only sporadic patches of very light brown terminal hairs remaining. She has had no adverse reaction to any of the treatments and has not changed any medications. An Alexandrite laser was used with an 18mm spot size, 14 joules and cryogen at 20/30. Select the most appropriate action?

Explanation

The correct answer is to adjust the fluence higher for the legs. This is because the patient's legs are not responding to the treatment, indicating that the current fluence level may not be sufficient for effective hair removal. By increasing the fluence specifically for the legs, it can help target the darker and coarser hairs in that area and improve the treatment outcome. The fact that the patient has had no adverse reactions and has not changed any medications suggests that the lack of response is not due to external factors, but rather the need for a higher fluence level.

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59. The measure of time that light energy is in contact with the skin is known as?

Explanation

Pulse duration refers to the measure of time that light energy is in contact with the skin. It represents the length of time that a laser or light pulse is emitted during a treatment. The longer the pulse duration, the more time the energy has to interact with the skin, potentially causing more heat or damage. Therefore, pulse duration is an important parameter to consider when determining the effectiveness and safety of a light-based treatment.

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60. Which is the primary reason that multiple treatments are necessary in laser hair removal?

Explanation

Laser hair removal works by targeting the hair follicles during their active growth phase. However, not all follicles are in this phase at the same time. Hair growth occurs in cycles, with some follicles dormant while others are actively growing. Therefore, multiple treatments are necessary to ensure that all follicles are targeted during their active growth phase and effectively treated.

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61. The most important consideration while performing laser on patient is?

Explanation

When performing laser on a patient, the most important consideration is using goggles at the appropriate wavelength. Laser goggles are designed to protect the eyes from the harmful effects of laser radiation. Different lasers emit radiation at different wavelengths, and wearing goggles that are specifically designed for the wavelength of the laser being used ensures maximum protection for the patient's eyes. This is crucial in order to prevent any potential damage or injury to the eyes during the laser procedure.

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62. What is considered the chromophore when a laser is used to treat red spider veins?

Explanation

Oxyhemoglobin is considered the chromophore when a laser is used to treat red spider veins. Oxyhemoglobin is the form of hemoglobin that is bound to oxygen and gives blood its red color. When the laser is applied to the skin, it targets the oxyhemoglobin in the blood vessels, absorbing the laser energy and causing the vessels to coagulate and eventually fade away. Platelets are involved in the clotting process, blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, and arterioles are small blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. None of these are directly related to the chromophore in laser treatment for red spider veins.

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63. Post treatment instruction includes all of the following except?

Explanation

The post treatment instructions for a treatment regime usually involve measures to protect the treated area from further damage or irritation. Keeping the treated area moisturized with self-tanning lotion does not align with this objective, as self-tanning lotion may contain chemicals or ingredients that could potentially irritate the skin or interfere with the healing process. Therefore, it is important to avoid using self-tanning lotion on the treated area.

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64. An element has the ability to produce laser when it is in which of the following states?

Explanation

The correct answer is metastable state. In a metastable state, an element has excess energy that can be released as a laser. This state is characterized by a high energy level, but it is not as stable as the ground state. When the element is stimulated by an external energy source, such as an electrical current or light, it can release this excess energy as a laser beam.

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65. The voluntary nationally recognized group establishing standards for equipment use is known as?

Explanation

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a voluntary nationally recognized group that establishes standards for equipment use. They develop and publish consensus-based standards to ensure safety, efficiency, and interoperability of various products, systems, and services. ANSI's standards cover a wide range of industries, including manufacturing, construction, healthcare, and technology. They work with industry experts, government agencies, and other stakeholders to develop these standards, which help promote safety, quality, and innovation in equipment use.

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66. Select the response with all correct properties of laser light as it reacts with tissue?

Explanation

Laser light reacts with tissue in multiple ways. Reflection occurs when the laser light bounces off the tissue surface. Absorption happens when the tissue absorbs the laser light energy. Transmission occurs when the laser light passes through the tissue. Scatter refers to the scattering of laser light in multiple directions within the tissue. These properties are all correct in describing how laser light interacts with tissue.

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67. People with dark skin have?

Explanation

People with dark skin have the same number of melanocytes as light-skinned people, but their melanocytes are more active. Melanocytes are the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin. Dark-skinned individuals have higher levels of melanin due to the increased activity of their melanocytes. This increased melanin production helps protect the skin from harmful UV radiation and reduces the risk of skin cancer.

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68. A male patient (Fitzpatrick III) is given a test spot on the area of his body with the darkest skin. An Alexandrite laser was used with an 18mm spot size, 16 joules and cryogen at 20/30. Within five minutes, edematous lesions. select the most appropriate action?

Explanation

The patient experienced edematous lesions, which are swelling and fluid buildup in the skin. This suggests that the laser treatment was too intense or aggressive for the patient's skin type. By adjusting the fluence (energy level) to a lower setting of 12 or 14 joules, the treatment can be made less intense and reduce the risk of adverse reactions like edema.

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69. The primary reason for using cooling devices while performing laser treatments is?

Explanation

Cooling devices are used during laser treatments primarily to allow higher and more effective fluences to be used while sparing the epidermis. By cooling the skin surface, the cooling devices help to protect the outer layer of the skin from excessive heat and potential burns, while still allowing the laser to penetrate deeper into the dermis to target the desired treatment area. This allows for more effective treatment outcomes without causing harm to the epidermis.

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70. Total destruction of tissue using laser energy is known as?

Explanation

Photoablation refers to the process of using laser energy to completely destroy tissue. It involves the removal or ablation of tissue through the use of a laser, which emits high-energy light that can vaporize or disintegrate the tissue. This technique is commonly used in various medical procedures, such as laser eye surgery or the removal of skin lesions. Photosynthesis, Grothus law, and fluorescence are unrelated to the destruction of tissue using laser energy.

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71. Management of patients with Fitzpatrick V and VI skin requires?

Explanation

Patients with Fitzpatrick V and VI skin have darker skin tones and higher levels of melanin. Melanin absorbs light energy, which can increase the risk of adverse effects such as burns or hyperpigmentation during laser treatments. Therefore, longer wavelengths are preferred for these patients as they can penetrate deeper into the skin, bypassing the melanin-rich epidermis and targeting the intended treatment area. Longer wavelengths also allow for better selectivity, minimizing the risk of collateral damage to surrounding tissues.

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72. The "retinal hazard region" is laser light?

Explanation

The "retinal hazard region" refers to the range of wavelengths in which laser light can cause damage to the retina of the eye. This region is specifically in the visible and near infrared spectrum between 400-1400 nm.

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73. The treatment room used to perform laser hair removal should have all of the following except?

Explanation

The treatment room used for laser hair removal should not have several ceiling fans to cool the patient and technician. This is because the airflow generated by the fans can interfere with the laser treatment by blowing away the targeted hair follicles or disrupting the laser beam. It is important to maintain a controlled and stable environment during the procedure to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the treatment.

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74. Laser hair removal is least effective on follicles in what stage of development?

Explanation

Laser hair removal is most effective on hair follicles in the active growth phase, known as anagen. During this phase, the hair follicle contains an abundance of melanin, which is the target for the laser energy. Telogen is the resting phase of the hair follicle when the hair is no longer actively growing. Since there is minimal melanin present in the hair follicle during this stage, laser hair removal is least effective on follicles in the telogen phase.

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75. Information that should be obtained from each patient before treatment includes?

Explanation

The information that should be obtained from each patient before treatment includes their name, address, phone number, prior methods of hair removal, and natural hair color. This information is important for the healthcare provider to have a complete understanding of the patient's background and to ensure that the appropriate treatment is provided. The patient's name, address, and phone number are necessary for identification and communication purposes. Prior methods of hair removal and natural hair color are important factors to consider when determining the most suitable treatment plan for the patient.

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76. The law of thermodynamics tells us?

Explanation

The law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed. This implies that atoms, which are the building blocks of matter, are constantly in motion and therefore always active. This movement can be in an organized or unorganized pattern depending on the conditions and forces acting on the atoms.

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77. The most serious skin cancer is?

Explanation

Melanoma is the most serious skin cancer because it originates in the melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for producing melanin. Melanoma has the potential to spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early. It is often characterized by changes in the appearance of moles or the development of new pigmented growths on the skin. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent the cancer from advancing and spreading, making melanoma the most concerning form of skin cancer.

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78. The measure that determines the target chromophore or pigment is the?

Explanation

The wavelength of light is the measure that determines the target chromophore or pigment in a given situation. Different chromophores and pigments absorb light at specific wavelengths, and by selecting the appropriate wavelength, it is possible to target specific structures or substances in a sample. This is commonly used in various fields such as medicine, biology, and chemistry, where specific wavelengths are chosen to interact with and analyze specific molecules or compounds.

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79. Light waves that travel in perfect unison, parallel, and in the same direction is known as?

Explanation

Coherent light refers to light waves that are in perfect unison, parallel, and traveling in the same direction. This means that the peaks and troughs of the waves align, resulting in a consistent and steady pattern of light. Coherent light is often produced by lasers, where the light waves are synchronized and have a single wavelength. This property of coherent light allows it to be focused into a tight beam and used in various applications such as optical communication, holography, and interferometry.

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80. Aside from scalp follicles, what is the typical length of the anagen stage in most other body areas?

Explanation

The anagen stage is the active growth phase of hair follicles. In most body areas, apart from the scalp, the typical length of the anagen stage is relatively short, lasting around 4-8 weeks. This means that hair in these areas grows for a shorter period before entering the resting phase and eventually shedding.

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81. The pulsed dye laser produces light a which wavelength?

Explanation

The pulsed dye laser produces light at a wavelength of 694 nanometers.

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82. A joule is defined as?

Explanation

A joule is defined as a watt per second because a joule is the unit of energy and is equal to the amount of work done when a one-watt power is applied for one second. This definition relates the concept of power (watt) to the concept of time (second) and provides a measure of the amount of energy transferred or converted in a given period.

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83. The use of excessive laser fluence may result in?

Explanation

Excessive laser fluence can result in purpura, which is the appearance of purple or red discoloration on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin. This occurs when the laser energy damages the blood vessels, leading to leakage of blood into the surrounding tissues. Purpura is a potential side effect of laser treatments and can be a temporary or permanent condition depending on the severity of the damage.

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84. A female patient arrives for her third laser hair removal treatment with her facial hair bleached. select the appropriate action?

Explanation

The correct answer is to treat the patient normally. The fact that the patient's facial hair is bleached does not affect the effectiveness or safety of the laser hair removal treatment. The treatment can still be carried out as scheduled without any adjustments.

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85. Considering the Ferriman-Gallwey system, a score of ____ or higher is indicative of excess androgen?

Explanation

According to the Ferriman-Gallwey system, a score of 8 or higher is indicative of excess androgen. This system is used to assess and quantify hirsutism, which is excessive hair growth in women. A higher score suggests a higher degree of hirsutism, which is often associated with elevated levels of androgens such as testosterone. Therefore, a score of 8 or above indicates the presence of excess androgen in the body.

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86. Incandescent light is an example of?

Explanation

Incoherent light refers to light waves that have varying frequencies and phases, which results in random fluctuations in intensity and direction. Incandescent light is produced by a heated filament, and the emitted light consists of a broad range of wavelengths and phases. Therefore, incandescent light is an example of incoherent light.

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87. What is considered a natural chromophore for hair removal lasers?

Explanation

Melanin is considered a natural chromophore for hair removal lasers because it is the pigment responsible for the color of our hair. Hair removal lasers target the melanin in the hair shaft and bulb, absorbing the laser energy and converting it into heat. This heat damages the hair follicle, inhibiting future hair growth.

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88. Who is considered to be the "father of lasers" in medicine?

Explanation

Leon Goldman is considered to be the "father of lasers" in medicine because he was one of the pioneers in using lasers for medical purposes. He conducted extensive research in the field of laser surgery and was the first to use lasers for cosmetic procedures. His contributions revolutionized the field of medicine and paved the way for the widespread use of lasers in various medical treatments.

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89. What is the most likely cause of red, itchy bumps in the entire treatment area 10 to 14 days after a patient's laser hair removal treatment?

Explanation

Detached hair becoming trapped under the skin is the most likely cause of red, itchy bumps in the entire treatment area 10 to 14 days after a patient's laser hair removal treatment. This can occur when the hair follicles are damaged during the treatment, causing the hair to detach from the follicle but remain trapped under the skin. This can lead to inflammation and irritation, resulting in red, itchy bumps in the treated area.

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90. Pulse width refers to?

Explanation

Pulse width refers to the duration of the pulse. It is the measure of the time interval between the start and end of a pulse. It represents the length of time that energy is delivered in a single pulse.

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91. Select the correct definition of "chromophore" as it relates to laser treatments in general?

Explanation

The correct answer is "The object that absorbs the light energy." In laser treatments, a chromophore refers to the specific molecule or structure within the tissue that absorbs the light energy emitted by the laser. This absorption of light energy by the chromophore is what allows for targeted treatment of certain conditions, such as hair removal or tattoo removal. By absorbing the light energy, the chromophore undergoes a specific reaction that leads to the desired therapeutic effect.

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92. For best results during laser hair removal treatments, Follicles should be in?

Explanation

Anagen is the active growth phase of hair follicles, during which the hair is firmly anchored in the follicle and is most responsive to laser hair removal treatments. Anagen 6 refers to the sixth sub-phase of the anagen phase, indicating that the hair is in the middle of the growth cycle. This is the optimal phase for laser hair removal as the hair is in its strongest and most active state, allowing the laser to effectively target and destroy the hair follicle.

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93. A person that is sun sensitive, sometimes burn, and tan slowly would be?

Explanation

A person who is sun sensitive, sometimes burns, and tans slowly would fall under Type 3. Type 3 individuals have a fair to medium skin tone and usually have brown hair and eyes. They have a moderate risk of sunburn and can tan gradually with some effort. This skin type is common among individuals of Mediterranean, Hispanic, or Asian descent.

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94. In laser hair removal, what needs to be damaged in order to prevent further hair growth?

Explanation

In laser hair removal, stem cells and dermal papilla need to be damaged in order to prevent further hair growth. Stem cells are responsible for producing new cells, including hair cells, and dermal papilla is a structure at the base of the hair follicle that plays a crucial role in hair growth. By targeting and damaging these components, laser hair removal inhibits their ability to regenerate and results in long-term hair reduction.

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95. Laser affects the growing cell in the follicle by?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Thermal effects of the laser light." Laser hair removal works by targeting the hair follicles with intense heat generated by the laser. This heat damages the cells in the follicles, inhibiting their ability to produce hair. The thermal effects of the laser light penetrate the skin and specifically target the growing cells in the follicle, leading to long-term hair reduction.

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96. A nanometer is?

Explanation

A nanometer is a unit of length in the metric system. It is equal to one billionth of a meter, which means it is extremely small. This unit is commonly used in fields such as nanotechnology, where precise measurements at the atomic and molecular scale are necessary.

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97. Edema is a result of?

Explanation

Edema, or the accumulation of fluid in tissues, is caused by the passage of serum and lymph through vessel walls into the surrounding tissue. This can occur due to increased capillary permeability, which allows the fluid to leak out of the blood vessels and into the tissues. Factors such as inflammation, injury, or certain medical conditions can contribute to this increased permeability. As a result, the excess fluid builds up in the tissues, leading to swelling and the characteristic symptoms of edema.

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98. An overtreatment of the skin characterized by blistering or epidermal separation, caused by lateral pressure on the skin is known as? 

Explanation

Nikolski sign refers to the blistering or separation of the epidermis caused by lateral pressure on the skin. This condition is often seen in certain dermatological conditions such as pemphigus vulgaris and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The term "overtreatment" implies that excessive or unnecessary pressure is being applied to the skin, leading to the development of blisters or separation. Therefore, Nikolski sign is the most appropriate answer in this context. Edema refers to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues, tissue injury is a general term for damage to any type of tissue, and ecchymosis refers to the discoloration of the skin due to bleeding underneath.

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99. The application of a clear cold gel to the skin prior to laser hair removal is an example of?

Explanation

Bulk cooling refers to the application of a cooling substance, such as a gel, to a large area of the skin to lower its temperature. In the case of laser hair removal, applying a clear cold gel to the skin before the procedure helps to cool the skin and protect it from the heat generated by the laser. This prevents damage to the surrounding tissues and enhances the effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, the application of a clear cold gel to the skin prior to laser hair removal is an example of bulk cooling.

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100. Select the correct range for visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum?

Explanation

Visible light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected by the human eye. It ranges from approximately 400 to 770 nanometers. This range includes colors such as violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. Any wavelengths below 400 nm or above 770 nm are not visible to the human eye. Therefore, the correct range for visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum is 400-770 nanometers.

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It is important to advise patients which of the following after a...
A correct statement about health history documentation is that it is?
A requirement for foot switches that directly pulse the laser is that...
During the initial consultation, the patient should be informed that...
Which part of the human body is most vulnerable to laser light?
Which of the following drugs increase photosensitivity?
Your laser hair removal patient has a dark green tattooon the upper...
The effect of skin turning red after treatment is referred to as?
Hair removal lasers are effective on the following follicle structure?
The most common type of laser used for hair removal is?
What is laser light?
A 755 nm wavelength is specific to which of the following lasers?
Laser light cannot?
Laser is ineffective on hair that has?
A "basic" Fitzpatrick scale takes into account?
The energy level of a laser, measured in joules, is known as?
When excited with a flashlamp, the Alexandrite crystal emits radiation...
The amount of time it takes a substance after heating, to return to...
What type of non-laser light is also used for hair removal?
The acronym LASER stands for?
Select the response with all correct laser safety precautions?
Longer laser wavelengths?
Select the laser that should be used to remove hair from a patient...
What is OSHA?
Which are positive reactions to the skin indication a successful LHR...
Documentation of a patient is of importance because?
Optical density labeling on laser safety eyewear refers to?
Two or more hairs sharing a single follicle are referred to as?
Select the FDA class of laser that presents both a direct and...
The organization responsible for precaution recommendations to...
Because of sun sensitivity, "red heads" must always be...
Components of a laser include?
Select the wavelength of a long-pulsed Ruby laser?
The target for laser hair removal is?
The longer pulse widths are considered more effective because?
When tissue has been injured, fluid escapes the blood vessels to...
An allergic phototoxic reaction can occur up to ______ post-treatment?
What is the waiting period before laser treatment after a patient...
Risks of laser treatment include all of the following except?
The principle that says energy must be absorbed by an object in order...
What is most critical for protecting the skin during laser hair...
What can occur with excess heating of the skin?
The wavelength of the Ruby Laser is?
An increase in color in cells post treatment is referred to as?
Permanent hair reduction according to the FDA is defined as?
Thermal Relaxation Time (TRT) refers to?
The following information should be included on a patient's chart?
Select the potential contraindication to laser hair removal?
Which fitzpatrick skin types are more susceptible to skin cancer?
Laser is equivalent to which of the following modalities?
What is used to cool the inside of most pulsed lasers during...
Light absorption is required for an effect in tissue. Without...
What is the chromophore when using the Nd: Yag laser for hair removal?
Retinal hazard is possible at which of the following wavelengths?
What is the definition of "fluence threshold"?
Using the Fitzpatrick skin phototype Scale, a person who is described...
During an initial consultation, the patient says that his co-worker...
A female patient (Fitzpatrick II) has had five full body treatments....
The measure of time that light energy is in contact with the skin is...
Which is the primary reason that multiple treatments are necessary in...
The most important consideration while performing laser on patient is?
What is considered the chromophore when a laser is used to treat red...
Post treatment instruction includes all of the following except?
An element has the ability to produce laser when it is in which of the...
The voluntary nationally recognized group establishing standards for...
Select the response with all correct properties of laser light as it...
People with dark skin have?
A male patient (Fitzpatrick III) is given a test spot on the area of...
The primary reason for using cooling devices while performing laser...
Total destruction of tissue using laser energy is known as?
Management of patients with Fitzpatrick V and VI skin requires?
The "retinal hazard region" is laser light?
The treatment room used to perform laser hair removal should have all...
Laser hair removal is least effective on follicles in what stage of...
Information that should be obtained from each patient before treatment...
The law of thermodynamics tells us?
The most serious skin cancer is?
The measure that determines the target chromophore or pigment is the?
Light waves that travel in perfect unison, parallel, and in the same...
Aside from scalp follicles, what is the typical length of the anagen...
The pulsed dye laser produces light a which wavelength?
A joule is defined as?
The use of excessive laser fluence may result in?
A female patient arrives for her third laser hair removal treatment...
Considering the Ferriman-Gallwey system, a score of ____ or higher is...
Incandescent light is an example of?
What is considered a natural chromophore for hair removal lasers?
Who is considered to be the "father of lasers" in medicine?
What is the most likely cause of red, itchy bumps in the entire...
Pulse width refers to?
Select the correct definition of "chromophore" as it relates...
For best results during laser hair removal treatments, Follicles...
A person that is sun sensitive, sometimes burn, and tan slowly would...
In laser hair removal, what needs to be damaged in order to prevent...
Laser affects the growing cell in the follicle by?
A nanometer is?
Edema is a result of?
An overtreatment of the skin characterized by blistering or epidermal...
The application of a clear cold gel to the skin prior to laser hair...
Select the correct range for visible light in the electromagnetic...
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