Chapter 7 8 & 9

1. Cleaning the venipuncture site includes using what:

70% isopropyl alcohol

2% tincture of iodine

Physohex

Beta dine

The correct answer is 70% isopropyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol is commonly used to clean the venipuncture site before drawing blood. It is an effective disinfectant that helps kill bacteria on the skin surface, reducing the risk of infection. Isopropyl alcohol is preferred over other options like tincture of iodine, Physohex, or Beta dine because it is less likely to cause skin irritation or allergic reactions.

Explanation

The correct answer is 70% isopropyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol is commonly used to clean the venipuncture site before drawing blood. It is an effective disinfectant that helps kill bacteria on the skin surface, reducing the risk of infection. Isopropyl alcohol is preferred over other options like tincture of iodine, Physohex, or Beta dine because it is less likely to cause skin irritation or allergic reactions.

2. To cleanse the venipuncture site, we must use:

A side to side motion

A circular concentric motion

Anyway you want

None of the above

To cleanse the venipuncture site, a circular concentric motion is recommended. This motion helps to effectively clean the area by starting at the center and moving outward in a circular motion. This ensures that all areas of the site are thoroughly cleansed and reduces the risk of contamination. Using a side to side motion or any other random motion may not provide the same level of cleanliness and may increase the risk of infection. Therefore, a circular concentric motion is the preferred method for cleansing the venipuncture site.

Explanation

To cleanse the venipuncture site, a circular concentric motion is recommended. This motion helps to effectively clean the area by starting at the center and moving outward in a circular motion. This ensures that all areas of the site are thoroughly cleansed and reduces the risk of contamination. Using a side to side motion or any other random motion may not provide the same level of cleanliness and may increase the risk of infection. Therefore, a circular concentric motion is the preferred method for cleansing the venipuncture site.

3. Decontamination of the work surface should be done daily with what?

Hot sudsy water

Iodine

10% bleach

Water

Decontamination of the work surface should be done daily with 10% bleach. Bleach is a strong disinfectant that can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens on surfaces. Using a 10% bleach solution ensures that enough bleach is present to effectively sanitize the work surface and reduce the risk of contamination. Hot sudsy water, iodine, and plain water may not have the same level of disinfecting properties as bleach, making them less suitable for daily decontamination.

Explanation

Decontamination of the work surface should be done daily with 10% bleach. Bleach is a strong disinfectant that can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens on surfaces. Using a 10% bleach solution ensures that enough bleach is present to effectively sanitize the work surface and reduce the risk of contamination. Hot sudsy water, iodine, and plain water may not have the same level of disinfecting properties as bleach, making them less suitable for daily decontamination.

4. What does the ID band list?

Medical record number

Dietary restrictions

Cell phone

Insurance information

The ID band lists the medical record number of the patient. This number is used to identify the patient and access their medical records and information. It is an important piece of information that helps healthcare professionals provide appropriate care and treatment to the patient. The ID band does not list dietary restrictions, cell phone, or insurance information.

Explanation

The ID band lists the medical record number of the patient. This number is used to identify the patient and access their medical records and information. It is an important piece of information that helps healthcare professionals provide appropriate care and treatment to the patient. The ID band does not list dietary restrictions, cell phone, or insurance information.

5. The tourniquet must be applied:

Below the venipuncture site

For at least two minutes

3-5 inches above the site

Away from open sores

The tourniquet must be applied 3-5 inches above the site to create enough pressure to occlude the veins and allow for easier venipuncture. Placing the tourniquet below the venipuncture site would not provide enough pressure to occlude the veins effectively. Applying the tourniquet for at least two minutes is not necessary and may cause discomfort to the patient. Placing the tourniquet away from open sores is important to prevent contamination of the site and potential infection.

Explanation

The tourniquet must be applied 3-5 inches above the site to create enough pressure to occlude the veins and allow for easier venipuncture. Placing the tourniquet below the venipuncture site would not provide enough pressure to occlude the veins effectively. Applying the tourniquet for at least two minutes is not necessary and may cause discomfort to the patient. Placing the tourniquet away from open sores is important to prevent contamination of the site and potential infection.

6. Important aspects of bedside manner are:

Putting the patient at ease with procedure

Demonstrating confidence

Professionalism

All of the above

The correct answer is "All of the above" because all the mentioned aspects are important for a good bedside manner. Putting the patient at ease with the procedure helps to alleviate their anxiety and build trust. Demonstrating confidence reassures the patient that they are in capable hands. Professionalism ensures that the patient feels respected and valued. Therefore, all these aspects contribute to creating a positive and comforting experience for the patient.

Explanation

The correct answer is "All of the above" because all the mentioned aspects are important for a good bedside manner. Putting the patient at ease with the procedure helps to alleviate their anxiety and build trust. Demonstrating confidence reassures the patient that they are in capable hands. Professionalism ensures that the patient feels respected and valued. Therefore, all these aspects contribute to creating a positive and comforting experience for the patient.

7. When cleaning the patient's arm, you notice that the alcohol pad is very dirty. What should you do?

Continue with the procedure

Clean with betadine

Reclean with another alcohol pad

All of the above

The correct answer is to reclean with another alcohol pad. This is because using a dirty alcohol pad can introduce bacteria or contaminants onto the patient's skin, which can increase the risk of infection. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the cleaning process is done properly and with clean materials to maintain a sterile environment and minimize the risk of complications.

Explanation

The correct answer is to reclean with another alcohol pad. This is because using a dirty alcohol pad can introduce bacteria or contaminants onto the patient's skin, which can increase the risk of infection. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the cleaning process is done properly and with clean materials to maintain a sterile environment and minimize the risk of complications.

8. How many chambers are in the heart?

One

Eight

Four

Five

The heart consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The atria receive blood from the veins and pump it into the ventricles. The ventricles then pump the blood out of the heart to the rest of the body. This four-chambered structure allows for efficient circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, ensuring proper functioning of the cardiovascular system.

Explanation

The heart consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The atria receive blood from the veins and pump it into the ventricles. The ventricles then pump the blood out of the heart to the rest of the body. This four-chambered structure allows for efficient circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, ensuring proper functioning of the cardiovascular system.

9. The first most important thing to do before performing a phlebotomy is:

Find a vein

Tie the tourniquet

Call the patient

Properly ID the patient

Before performing a phlebotomy, it is crucial to properly identify the patient. This ensures that the correct patient is receiving the procedure and helps prevent any potential errors or complications. Proper identification involves verifying the patient's name, date of birth, and other relevant information using two unique identifiers. This step is essential for patient safety and maintaining accurate medical records.

Explanation

Before performing a phlebotomy, it is crucial to properly identify the patient. This ensures that the correct patient is receiving the procedure and helps prevent any potential errors or complications. Proper identification involves verifying the patient's name, date of birth, and other relevant information using two unique identifiers. This step is essential for patient safety and maintaining accurate medical records.

10. Who mandates safe working conditions for employees?

CAP

CDC

OSHA

FDA

OSHA, or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, mandates safe working conditions for employees. OSHA is a federal agency that sets and enforces standards to ensure that workplaces are safe and healthy for workers. They conduct inspections, provide training and education, and enforce regulations to prevent workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. OSHA plays a crucial role in protecting the rights and well-being of employees by promoting safe and healthy work environments across various industries.

Explanation

OSHA, or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, mandates safe working conditions for employees. OSHA is a federal agency that sets and enforces standards to ensure that workplaces are safe and healthy for workers. They conduct inspections, provide training and education, and enforce regulations to prevent workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. OSHA plays a crucial role in protecting the rights and well-being of employees by promoting safe and healthy work environments across various industries.

11. Which of the following lead to failure to obtain blood?

Needle not deep enough

Needle is on the side of the vein

Tube position and vacuum

All of the above

The given answer, "All of the above," is correct because all three options listed - the needle not being deep enough, the needle being on the side of the vein, and the tube position and vacuum - can individually or collectively lead to a failure to obtain blood. If the needle is not inserted deep enough, it may not reach the vein and therefore no blood can be drawn. Similarly, if the needle is placed on the side of the vein, it will not be able to access the blood flow. Additionally, if there is an issue with the tube position or vacuum, it can prevent the blood from being properly collected.

Explanation

The given answer, "All of the above," is correct because all three options listed - the needle not being deep enough, the needle being on the side of the vein, and the tube position and vacuum - can individually or collectively lead to a failure to obtain blood. If the needle is not inserted deep enough, it may not reach the vein and therefore no blood can be drawn. Similarly, if the needle is placed on the side of the vein, it will not be able to access the blood flow. Additionally, if there is an issue with the tube position or vacuum, it can prevent the blood from being properly collected.

12. If a patient adamantly refuses to have blood drawn, you should:

Convince the patient to cooperate

Notify the patient's nurse and fill out a failture to obtain specimen form explaining what happened

Restrain the patient and collect the specimen

Write a note to the physician

If a patient adamantly refuses to have blood drawn, the appropriate action would be to notify the patient's nurse and fill out a failure to obtain specimen form explaining what happened. This is the correct answer because it prioritizes patient autonomy and respects their decision to refuse the procedure. By notifying the nurse and documenting the refusal, the healthcare team can ensure that the patient's wishes are respected and appropriate measures can be taken to address their concerns. Restraint or attempting to convince the patient may violate their rights and is not recommended. Writing a note to the physician alone may not be sufficient in addressing the refusal and documenting the incident.

Explanation

If a patient adamantly refuses to have blood drawn, the appropriate action would be to notify the patient's nurse and fill out a failure to obtain specimen form explaining what happened. This is the correct answer because it prioritizes patient autonomy and respects their decision to refuse the procedure. By notifying the nurse and documenting the refusal, the healthcare team can ensure that the patient's wishes are respected and appropriate measures can be taken to address their concerns. Restraint or attempting to convince the patient may violate their rights and is not recommended. Writing a note to the physician alone may not be sufficient in addressing the refusal and documenting the incident.

13. Which of the following is required requisition information?

Ordering physician's name

Patient's first and last name

Type of test to be performed

All of the above

All of the above options are required requisition information. When requesting a medical test, it is necessary to provide the ordering physician's name, the patient's first and last name, and the type of test to be performed. This information is crucial for proper identification of the patient and the specific test that needs to be conducted.

Explanation

All of the above options are required requisition information. When requesting a medical test, it is necessary to provide the ordering physician's name, the patient's first and last name, and the type of test to be performed. This information is crucial for proper identification of the patient and the specific test that needs to be conducted.

14. What should you be looking for before using tubes?

Expiration dates & Cracks

Color & Size

Not sure

None of the above

Before using tubes, it is important to check for expiration dates and cracks. Expiration dates ensure that the tube is still safe and effective to use, while cracks can indicate damage or potential contamination. By checking for these factors, one can ensure the quality and safety of the tubes before using them.

Explanation

Before using tubes, it is important to check for expiration dates and cracks. Expiration dates ensure that the tube is still safe and effective to use, while cracks can indicate damage or potential contamination. By checking for these factors, one can ensure the quality and safety of the tubes before using them.

15. The maximum time the tourniquet should be left on is:

2 minutes

30 Seconds

3 minutes

1 minute

The correct answer is 1 minute. This is the maximum time that a tourniquet should be left on. Leaving a tourniquet on for longer than 1 minute can lead to complications such as tissue damage, nerve injury, and impaired blood flow. It is important to remove the tourniquet as soon as possible to prevent these complications.

Explanation

The correct answer is 1 minute. This is the maximum time that a tourniquet should be left on. Leaving a tourniquet on for longer than 1 minute can lead to complications such as tissue damage, nerve injury, and impaired blood flow. It is important to remove the tourniquet as soon as possible to prevent these complications.

16. ________________is the result of accumulated fluid in the tissue, and may result in erroneous test results.

Burns

Edema

Cut down

Fat

Edema is the result of accumulated fluid in the tissue, which can lead to swelling. This swelling can affect the accuracy of test results by causing distortion or dilution of the samples being tested. Therefore, edema can result in erroneous test results.

Explanation

Edema is the result of accumulated fluid in the tissue, which can lead to swelling. This swelling can affect the accuracy of test results by causing distortion or dilution of the samples being tested. Therefore, edema can result in erroneous test results.

17. If you find a discrepancy between the information on the wrist band and the requisition, you should:

Ask the patient to confirm

Notify the patient nurse to correct

Don't worry about it

Just fix it yourself

If there is a discrepancy between the information on the wristband and the requisition, it is important to notify the patient nurse to correct it. This is because the nurse is responsible for ensuring that the patient's information is accurate and up to date. By notifying the nurse, they can take the necessary steps to correct any errors or inconsistencies, ensuring that the patient receives the correct care and treatment. It is not appropriate to simply ignore the discrepancy or try to fix it oneself, as this could lead to potential medical errors or confusion.

Explanation

If there is a discrepancy between the information on the wristband and the requisition, it is important to notify the patient nurse to correct it. This is because the nurse is responsible for ensuring that the patient's information is accurate and up to date. By notifying the nurse, they can take the necessary steps to correct any errors or inconsistencies, ensuring that the patient receives the correct care and treatment. It is not appropriate to simply ignore the discrepancy or try to fix it oneself, as this could lead to potential medical errors or confusion.

18. The restocking of trays or carts are the responsibility of:

Supervisoer

Lab manager

House keeper

Phlebotomist

The correct answer is Phlebotomist. The restocking of trays or carts is part of the phlebotomist's responsibilities. Phlebotomists are trained to collect blood samples and handle the necessary equipment and supplies. As part of their job, they are responsible for ensuring that trays or carts are properly stocked with the necessary items such as tubes, needles, and bandages. This ensures that they have everything they need to safely and efficiently collect blood samples from patients. Supervisors, lab managers, and housekeepers may have other responsibilities, but restocking trays or carts is not typically one of them.

Explanation

The correct answer is Phlebotomist. The restocking of trays or carts is part of the phlebotomist's responsibilities. Phlebotomists are trained to collect blood samples and handle the necessary equipment and supplies. As part of their job, they are responsible for ensuring that trays or carts are properly stocked with the necessary items such as tubes, needles, and bandages. This ensures that they have everything they need to safely and efficiently collect blood samples from patients. Supervisors, lab managers, and housekeepers may have other responsibilities, but restocking trays or carts is not typically one of them.

19. Electrical impulses from the heart are recorded by mean of a:

EGG

EKG

EGC

Both a & c

An EKG (electrocardiogram) is a medical test that records the electrical impulses from the heart. It is used to evaluate the heart's rhythm and electrical activity. The correct answer is EKG because it is the abbreviation for electrocardiogram, which is the specific test used to record the electrical impulses from the heart.

Explanation

An EKG (electrocardiogram) is a medical test that records the electrical impulses from the heart. It is used to evaluate the heart's rhythm and electrical activity. The correct answer is EKG because it is the abbreviation for electrocardiogram, which is the specific test used to record the electrical impulses from the heart.

20. As you place a tourniquet on your patient you notice a bunch of tiny red spots appearing. What is this called?

Chicken Pox

Mumps

Petechiae

Measles

Petechiae refers to the appearance of tiny red spots on the skin caused by bleeding under the skin. These spots are commonly seen in patients with certain medical conditions or after trauma. In this scenario, the appearance of petechiae suggests that the application of the tourniquet may have caused bleeding under the skin, resulting in the formation of these small red spots.

Explanation

Petechiae refers to the appearance of tiny red spots on the skin caused by bleeding under the skin. These spots are commonly seen in patients with certain medical conditions or after trauma. In this scenario, the appearance of petechiae suggests that the application of the tourniquet may have caused bleeding under the skin, resulting in the formation of these small red spots.

21. An inpatient may be identified by which of the following ways?

Patient in the next bed

Ward clerk

Patient armband

Patient chart

The patient armband is used to identify an inpatient. It is a common practice in healthcare facilities to have patients wear armbands with their personal and medical information. This helps in ensuring accurate identification of patients and prevents any mix-ups or errors in their treatment and care. The armband is easily visible and accessible to healthcare providers, making it a reliable and efficient method of identifying inpatients.

Explanation

The patient armband is used to identify an inpatient. It is a common practice in healthcare facilities to have patients wear armbands with their personal and medical information. This helps in ensuring accurate identification of patients and prevents any mix-ups or errors in their treatment and care. The armband is easily visible and accessible to healthcare providers, making it a reliable and efficient method of identifying inpatients.

22. A sign displayed in a patient room that would be of particular importance to the phlebotomist would be

Time for break

No Running

Do not draw from right arm

ABG's at 0880

The sign "Do not draw from right arm" would be of particular importance to the phlebotomist because it indicates that drawing blood from the patient's right arm is prohibited. This could be due to various reasons such as an injury, surgery, or a medical condition that may affect the blood draw process. The phlebotomist needs to be aware of this restriction to ensure patient safety and avoid potential complications or harm.

Explanation

The sign "Do not draw from right arm" would be of particular importance to the phlebotomist because it indicates that drawing blood from the patient's right arm is prohibited. This could be due to various reasons such as an injury, surgery, or a medical condition that may affect the blood draw process. The phlebotomist needs to be aware of this restriction to ensure patient safety and avoid potential complications or harm.

23. A "DNR" sign on an inpatients door means what?

Down in respiratory

Do not rush

Do not resuscitate

Do not reuse

A "DNR" sign on an inpatient's door means that medical professionals should not perform any life-saving measures or attempt to resuscitate the patient in the event of cardiac arrest or respiratory failure. This decision is typically made when the patient or their healthcare proxy has determined that further medical interventions would not be beneficial or in line with the patient's wishes.

Explanation

A "DNR" sign on an inpatient's door means that medical professionals should not perform any life-saving measures or attempt to resuscitate the patient in the event of cardiac arrest or respiratory failure. This decision is typically made when the patient or their healthcare proxy has determined that further medical interventions would not be beneficial or in line with the patient's wishes.

24. According to Universal Precautions, blood and body fluids are considered biohazardous from which of the following?

Intravenouse drug users

Homesexuals

HIV positive patients

All blood and body fluids

According to Universal Precautions, all blood and body fluids are considered biohazardous. This means that regardless of the source or the person's medical condition, any blood or body fluid has the potential to contain infectious agents and should be treated as such to prevent the transmission of diseases. This approach ensures the safety of healthcare professionals and minimizes the risk of infection.

Explanation

According to Universal Precautions, all blood and body fluids are considered biohazardous. This means that regardless of the source or the person's medical condition, any blood or body fluid has the potential to contain infectious agents and should be treated as such to prevent the transmission of diseases. This approach ensures the safety of healthcare professionals and minimizes the risk of infection.

25. What type of information would you not likely see on a requisition?

Patient's full name

Phone number

Test to be ordered

Date of birth

A requisition is a formal request for something, typically used in the context of ordering goods or services. In this case, the question is asking what type of information would not likely be included on a requisition. While a requisition may require personal information such as the patient's full name, date of birth, and the specific test to be ordered, it is unlikely to require the patient's phone number. The phone number is not typically necessary for the purpose of ordering goods or services, making it the least likely information to be seen on a requisition.

Explanation

A requisition is a formal request for something, typically used in the context of ordering goods or services. In this case, the question is asking what type of information would not likely be included on a requisition. While a requisition may require personal information such as the patient's full name, date of birth, and the specific test to be ordered, it is unlikely to require the patient's phone number. The phone number is not typically necessary for the purpose of ordering goods or services, making it the least likely information to be seen on a requisition.

26. A patient has no armband on but the name on the door matches the label. The patient is alert and awake, you should:

Ask the patient for verbal consent

Ask the patient in the next bed for verification

Draw the patient and get verifiaction later

Don't draw the patient until an armband has been applied by a nures who can identify the patient

It is important to have proper identification of the patient before drawing blood or performing any medical procedure. Since the patient does not have an armband, it is necessary to wait until a nurse can apply one and confirm the patient's identity. This ensures that the correct patient is being treated and prevents any potential harm or mistakes. Asking for verbal consent or verification from another patient is not sufficient in this situation.

Explanation

It is important to have proper identification of the patient before drawing blood or performing any medical procedure. Since the patient does not have an armband, it is necessary to wait until a nurse can apply one and confirm the patient's identity. This ensures that the correct patient is being treated and prevents any potential harm or mistakes. Asking for verbal consent or verification from another patient is not sufficient in this situation.

27. What is the main component of an RBC?

Hemolysis

Granules

Hematrocrit

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is the main component of an RBC. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. It also helps in carrying carbon dioxide, a waste product, from the body's cells back to the lungs to be exhaled. Hemoglobin gives red blood cells their red color and is essential for the proper functioning of the circulatory system.

Explanation

Hemoglobin is the main component of an RBC. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. It also helps in carrying carbon dioxide, a waste product, from the body's cells back to the lungs to be exhaled. Hemoglobin gives red blood cells their red color and is essential for the proper functioning of the circulatory system.

28. What is the primary function of isolation procedures?

Keep hospital clean

Provide protection

Prevent transmission of communicable disease

None of the above

Isolation procedures are put in place to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases. By isolating individuals who are infected or suspected to be infected, the spread of the disease to others can be minimized. This helps to protect both healthcare workers and other patients in the hospital setting. Additionally, isolation procedures also help to maintain a clean and safe environment within the hospital, as they involve measures such as proper hand hygiene, wearing personal protective equipment, and disinfection of surfaces.

Explanation

Isolation procedures are put in place to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases. By isolating individuals who are infected or suspected to be infected, the spread of the disease to others can be minimized. This helps to protect both healthcare workers and other patients in the hospital setting. Additionally, isolation procedures also help to maintain a clean and safe environment within the hospital, as they involve measures such as proper hand hygiene, wearing personal protective equipment, and disinfection of surfaces.

29. Sodium citrate is found in which tube?

Plain red

SST

Blood cultrue tube

Light blue

Sodium citrate is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes. It prevents blood from clotting by binding to calcium ions, which are necessary for the coagulation process. The light blue tube, also known as the coagulation tube, contains sodium citrate as the anticoagulant. This tube is used for tests such as prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) that evaluate the clotting function of the blood.

Explanation

Sodium citrate is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes. It prevents blood from clotting by binding to calcium ions, which are necessary for the coagulation process. The light blue tube, also known as the coagulation tube, contains sodium citrate as the anticoagulant. This tube is used for tests such as prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) that evaluate the clotting function of the blood.

30. What causes evacuated tubes to fill with blood automatically?

Arterial pressure

Pressure created by the tourniquet

Fist pumping by the patient

Tube vacuum

Evacuated tubes are designed with a vacuum inside them, which creates a negative pressure. When the tube is inserted into a vein and the needle pierces the skin, the pressure difference causes blood to be drawn into the tube automatically. This is known as the tube vacuum effect.

Explanation

Evacuated tubes are designed with a vacuum inside them, which creates a negative pressure. When the tube is inserted into a vein and the needle pierces the skin, the pressure difference causes blood to be drawn into the tube automatically. This is known as the tube vacuum effect.

31. Whose responsibility is it to see if the patient has been fasting?

Nurse

Doctor

The patient

Phlebotomist

The responsibility of checking if the patient has been fasting falls on the phlebotomist. As a phlebotomist, their main task is to collect blood samples from patients. In order to ensure accurate test results, it is essential that the patient has been fasting as instructed. Therefore, it is the phlebotomist's responsibility to confirm if the patient has followed the fasting instructions before proceeding with the blood collection process.

Explanation

The responsibility of checking if the patient has been fasting falls on the phlebotomist. As a phlebotomist, their main task is to collect blood samples from patients. In order to ensure accurate test results, it is essential that the patient has been fasting as instructed. Therefore, it is the phlebotomist's responsibility to confirm if the patient has followed the fasting instructions before proceeding with the blood collection process.

32. What are some of the challenges presented to the phlebotomist when collecting blood from the pediatric patient?

Dealing with the parent

Collecting the minimum amount of blood needed

Experience and Skill

All of the above

The challenges presented to the phlebotomist when collecting blood from pediatric patients include dealing with the parent, as they may be anxious or protective of their child during the procedure. Additionally, collecting the minimum amount of blood needed can be challenging as pediatric patients have smaller blood volumes. Lastly, the phlebotomist's experience and skill are important in successfully collecting blood from pediatric patients, as they require special techniques and knowledge.

Explanation

The challenges presented to the phlebotomist when collecting blood from pediatric patients include dealing with the parent, as they may be anxious or protective of their child during the procedure. Additionally, collecting the minimum amount of blood needed can be challenging as pediatric patients have smaller blood volumes. Lastly, the phlebotomist's experience and skill are important in successfully collecting blood from pediatric patients, as they require special techniques and knowledge.

33. What should you do after you have removed the last tube before you withdraw the needle?

Thank the patient

Release the tourniquet

Up the gauze

Mix your tubes with anticoagulants

After removing the last tube, releasing the tourniquet is necessary before withdrawing the needle. This is because the tourniquet is used to restrict blood flow to the area, making it easier to locate and access the vein. Once the tubes have been filled, releasing the tourniquet allows normal blood circulation to resume and reduces the risk of complications such as hematoma or vein damage.

Explanation

After removing the last tube, releasing the tourniquet is necessary before withdrawing the needle. This is because the tourniquet is used to restrict blood flow to the area, making it easier to locate and access the vein. Once the tubes have been filled, releasing the tourniquet allows normal blood circulation to resume and reduces the risk of complications such as hematoma or vein damage.

34. NPO differs from fasting. fasting patient can have:

Coffee

Water

Juice

All of the above

Unlike fasting, where patients are only allowed to consume water, NPO (nil per os) means no oral intake of any kind, including water. Therefore, the correct answer is water, as it is the only option that aligns with the concept of NPO.

Explanation

Unlike fasting, where patients are only allowed to consume water, NPO (nil per os) means no oral intake of any kind, including water. Therefore, the correct answer is water, as it is the only option that aligns with the concept of NPO.

35. Before withdrawing the needle after you have finished the venipuncture, you should:

Find the gauze

Release the tourniquet

Apply pressure

Thank the patient

Releasing the tourniquet before withdrawing the needle is important because it helps to prevent blood from pooling or leaking out of the vein after the needle is removed. The tourniquet restricts blood flow to the area, so releasing it allows normal circulation to resume and helps to minimize the risk of hematoma formation. Additionally, releasing the tourniquet before removing the needle ensures that the patient is not uncomfortable or in pain during the process.

Explanation

Releasing the tourniquet before withdrawing the needle is important because it helps to prevent blood from pooling or leaking out of the vein after the needle is removed. The tourniquet restricts blood flow to the area, so releasing it allows normal circulation to resume and helps to minimize the risk of hematoma formation. Additionally, releasing the tourniquet before removing the needle ensures that the patient is not uncomfortable or in pain during the process.

36. How many times should you attempt to draw a patient?

One

Three

As many as it take

Two

The correct answer is "Two." This suggests that you should attempt to draw a patient's blood or perform a medical procedure twice. This is likely because sometimes the first attempt may not be successful, so a second attempt is necessary to ensure accurate results or completion of the procedure.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Two." This suggests that you should attempt to draw a patient's blood or perform a medical procedure twice. This is likely because sometimes the first attempt may not be successful, so a second attempt is necessary to ensure accurate results or completion of the procedure.

37. After you properly identify your patient, what is the next step?

Start the procedure

Introduce yourself and why you are there

Ask about the weather

All of the above

The next step after properly identifying the patient is to introduce yourself and explain the reason for your presence. This is important in establishing a rapport with the patient and ensuring they are comfortable with your presence. It also helps to build trust and allows the patient to understand your role in their care. Asking about the weather or starting the procedure may not be appropriate or necessary at this stage.

Explanation

The next step after properly identifying the patient is to introduce yourself and explain the reason for your presence. This is important in establishing a rapport with the patient and ensuring they are comfortable with your presence. It also helps to build trust and allows the patient to understand your role in their care. Asking about the weather or starting the procedure may not be appropriate or necessary at this stage.

38. Pick the needle below with the largest diameter.

21

20

19

23

The number 19 has the largest diameter among the given options.

Explanation

The number 19 has the largest diameter among the given options.

39. When a vein is hard and "cord like", it is probably:

Occluded

Sclerosed

Phlebities

None of the above

When a vein is hard and "cord like", it is probably sclerosed. Sclerosed veins occur when there is a buildup of fibrous tissue in the vein, causing it to become hardened and cord-like. This can be a result of inflammation, trauma, or certain medical conditions.

Explanation

When a vein is hard and "cord like", it is probably sclerosed. Sclerosed veins occur when there is a buildup of fibrous tissue in the vein, causing it to become hardened and cord-like. This can be a result of inflammation, trauma, or certain medical conditions.

40. Any substance that prevents the blood from clotting or coagulating is:

Silicone

Anticoagulated

Heparinized

All of the above

Anticoagulated refers to a substance that prevents blood from clotting or coagulating. This can be achieved by using various methods such as using silicone or heparin. Therefore, the correct answer is "Anticoagulated" as it encompasses all the mentioned substances that prevent blood clotting.

Explanation

Anticoagulated refers to a substance that prevents blood from clotting or coagulating. This can be achieved by using various methods such as using silicone or heparin. Therefore, the correct answer is "Anticoagulated" as it encompasses all the mentioned substances that prevent blood clotting.

41. Specimen collection tubes are labeled:

At the patient's bedside after collection of the specimen

At the patients bedside before the specimen is collected

In the laboratory before the specimen is collected

In the laboratory after collection

The correct answer is "At the patient's bedside after collection of the specimen". This is because labeling the specimen collection tubes at the patient's bedside after the specimen is collected ensures that the labels accurately match the collected specimen. It helps to prevent any mix-ups or errors in the identification of the specimen. Labeling the tubes before collection or in the laboratory before the specimen is collected may lead to incorrect labeling if there are any changes or discrepancies during the collection process. Labeling the tubes in the laboratory after collection may also result in errors if the tubes are not properly identified or matched with the correct patient.

Explanation

The correct answer is "At the patient's bedside after collection of the specimen". This is because labeling the specimen collection tubes at the patient's bedside after the specimen is collected ensures that the labels accurately match the collected specimen. It helps to prevent any mix-ups or errors in the identification of the specimen. Labeling the tubes before collection or in the laboratory before the specimen is collected may lead to incorrect labeling if there are any changes or discrepancies during the collection process. Labeling the tubes in the laboratory after collection may also result in errors if the tubes are not properly identified or matched with the correct patient.

42. A sharps container must be:

Marked with the biohazard symbol

Disposable

Puncture resistant

All of the above

A sharps container must be marked with the biohazard symbol to indicate that it contains potentially infectious materials. It must also be disposable, meaning it can be easily discarded after use to prevent the spread of infections. Additionally, a sharps container must be puncture resistant to ensure that any sharp objects, such as needles or blades, cannot penetrate the container and cause injury to healthcare workers or waste handlers. Therefore, all of the given options are correct requirements for a sharps container.

Explanation

A sharps container must be marked with the biohazard symbol to indicate that it contains potentially infectious materials. It must also be disposable, meaning it can be easily discarded after use to prevent the spread of infections. Additionally, a sharps container must be puncture resistant to ensure that any sharp objects, such as needles or blades, cannot penetrate the container and cause injury to healthcare workers or waste handlers. Therefore, all of the given options are correct requirements for a sharps container.

43. Which tube is associated to collect hematology tests?

Green

Light blue

Lavender

Red

The lavender tube is associated with collecting hematology tests. This is because the lavender tube contains the anticoagulant EDTA, which helps preserve blood cell morphology and prevents clotting. This tube is commonly used for complete blood counts (CBC), blood typing, and other hematological tests.

Explanation

The lavender tube is associated with collecting hematology tests. This is because the lavender tube contains the anticoagulant EDTA, which helps preserve blood cell morphology and prevents clotting. This tube is commonly used for complete blood counts (CBC), blood typing, and other hematological tests.

44. Which type of patient is most likely to have an AV fistula or graft?

Arthritic

Hospice

Wheelchair bound

Dialysis

Patients who require dialysis are most likely to have an AV fistula or graft. This is because an AV fistula or graft is a surgical connection made between an artery and a vein, which is necessary for dialysis treatment. Dialysis is a procedure that filters waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are not able to perform this function. Therefore, patients who undergo dialysis regularly are more likely to have an AV fistula or graft to facilitate the dialysis process.

Explanation

Patients who require dialysis are most likely to have an AV fistula or graft. This is because an AV fistula or graft is a surgical connection made between an artery and a vein, which is necessary for dialysis treatment. Dialysis is a procedure that filters waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are not able to perform this function. Therefore, patients who undergo dialysis regularly are more likely to have an AV fistula or graft to facilitate the dialysis process.

45. We are not allowed to apply a tourniquet to a person that has had:

Breast implants

Tattoo

Mastectomy

Amputated wrist

A mastectomy is the surgical removal of the breast tissue, usually done as a treatment for breast cancer. Applying a tourniquet to a person who has had a mastectomy can cause complications or hinder the healing process. The surgery alters the blood flow and lymphatic drainage in the area, and applying a tourniquet can disrupt these processes, leading to potential complications such as decreased circulation or lymphedema. Therefore, it is not recommended to apply a tourniquet to a person who has had a mastectomy.

Explanation

A mastectomy is the surgical removal of the breast tissue, usually done as a treatment for breast cancer. Applying a tourniquet to a person who has had a mastectomy can cause complications or hinder the healing process. The surgery alters the blood flow and lymphatic drainage in the area, and applying a tourniquet can disrupt these processes, leading to potential complications such as decreased circulation or lymphedema. Therefore, it is not recommended to apply a tourniquet to a person who has had a mastectomy.

46. A patient comes in with a specimen, it is a swab. What additional information would you look for?

Name

Source

Number

All of the above

When a patient comes in with a specimen, specifically a swab, it is important to gather additional information such as the patient's name, the source of the specimen (e.g., throat, nose, wound), and a contact number. This information is crucial for proper identification and tracking of the specimen, ensuring that it is correctly labeled and processed. Additionally, having the patient's name and contact number allows for effective communication and follow-up if necessary. Therefore, all of the options mentioned (name, source, number) are important pieces of information to look for when dealing with a specimen.

Explanation

When a patient comes in with a specimen, specifically a swab, it is important to gather additional information such as the patient's name, the source of the specimen (e.g., throat, nose, wound), and a contact number. This information is crucial for proper identification and tracking of the specimen, ensuring that it is correctly labeled and processed. Additionally, having the patient's name and contact number allows for effective communication and follow-up if necessary. Therefore, all of the options mentioned (name, source, number) are important pieces of information to look for when dealing with a specimen.

47. If an isolation precaution sign is displayed on the door of an inpatient's room, what should you do?

Bring the patient outside the room

Skip drawing the patient

Check with the nurse before entering

Follow the specific isolation procedure

If an isolation precaution sign is displayed on the door of an inpatient's room, it is important to follow the specific isolation procedure. This is because the sign indicates that the patient inside the room requires special precautions to prevent the spread of infection. By following the specific isolation procedure, healthcare workers can minimize the risk of transmitting any potential infection to themselves or other patients. It is crucial to adhere to these procedures to maintain a safe and healthy environment for all individuals involved.

Explanation

If an isolation precaution sign is displayed on the door of an inpatient's room, it is important to follow the specific isolation procedure. This is because the sign indicates that the patient inside the room requires special precautions to prevent the spread of infection. By following the specific isolation procedure, healthcare workers can minimize the risk of transmitting any potential infection to themselves or other patients. It is crucial to adhere to these procedures to maintain a safe and healthy environment for all individuals involved.

48. A hematoma occurring during a venipuncture could be the result of

The vein is too small for the needle size

Excessive or blindly probing

The needle is partially inserted into the vein

All of the above

The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that a hematoma occurring during a venipuncture could be the result of any or all of the mentioned factors: the vein being too small for the needle size, excessive or blindly probing, and the needle being partially inserted into the vein. These factors can cause damage to the blood vessel, leading to bleeding and the formation of a hematoma.

Explanation

The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that a hematoma occurring during a venipuncture could be the result of any or all of the mentioned factors: the vein being too small for the needle size, excessive or blindly probing, and the needle being partially inserted into the vein. These factors can cause damage to the blood vessel, leading to bleeding and the formation of a hematoma.

49. The most common site for a phlebotomy:

Dorsal side of wrist

Anticubital fossa area

Middle finger

Middle forearm

The correct answer is the anticubital fossa area. This is the most common site for phlebotomy because it is easily accessible and has a high concentration of veins. The anticubital fossa is located on the inner side of the elbow, where the veins are close to the surface of the skin. This makes it easier for healthcare professionals to locate and access the veins for blood collection. Additionally, the larger size of the veins in this area allows for a greater volume of blood to be drawn.

Explanation

The correct answer is the anticubital fossa area. This is the most common site for phlebotomy because it is easily accessible and has a high concentration of veins. The anticubital fossa is located on the inner side of the elbow, where the veins are close to the surface of the skin. This makes it easier for healthcare professionals to locate and access the veins for blood collection. Additionally, the larger size of the veins in this area allows for a greater volume of blood to be drawn.

50. The wearing of gloves is mandated by:

OSHA

HICPAC

CDC

All of the above

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) is a regulatory agency that sets standards to ensure safe and healthy working conditions. One of the standards set by OSHA is the requirement for the use of personal protective equipment, including gloves, in certain workplace situations where there is a risk of hand injuries or exposure to hazardous substances. HICPAC (Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee) and CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) also provide guidelines and recommendations for infection control in healthcare settings, which may include the use of gloves. Therefore, the correct answer is OSHA, as it is the regulatory body that mandates the wearing of gloves in certain workplace situations.

Explanation

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) is a regulatory agency that sets standards to ensure safe and healthy working conditions. One of the standards set by OSHA is the requirement for the use of personal protective equipment, including gloves, in certain workplace situations where there is a risk of hand injuries or exposure to hazardous substances. HICPAC (Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee) and CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) also provide guidelines and recommendations for infection control in healthcare settings, which may include the use of gloves. Therefore, the correct answer is OSHA, as it is the regulatory body that mandates the wearing of gloves in certain workplace situations.

51. An AFB precaution sign is outside a patient's room. What do you do?

Get your sepecialized mask

Wear a regular mask

Don't bother with a mask

None of the above

When an AFB precaution sign is outside a patient's room, it indicates that the patient is suspected or confirmed to have a contagious airborne infection, such as tuberculosis. In order to protect oneself and prevent the spread of the infection, it is necessary to wear a specialized mask specifically designed to filter out airborne particles. Wearing a regular mask or not wearing a mask at all would not provide sufficient protection against airborne transmission of the infection. Therefore, the correct action would be to get a specialized mask.

Explanation

When an AFB precaution sign is outside a patient's room, it indicates that the patient is suspected or confirmed to have a contagious airborne infection, such as tuberculosis. In order to protect oneself and prevent the spread of the infection, it is necessary to wear a specialized mask specifically designed to filter out airborne particles. Wearing a regular mask or not wearing a mask at all would not provide sufficient protection against airborne transmission of the infection. Therefore, the correct action would be to get a specialized mask.

52. Why do you need to palpate a vein?

Help to determine the angle of insertion

Indicates the size of the vein

Indicates the depth of the vein

All of the above

Palpating a vein is necessary for several reasons. First, it helps to determine the angle of insertion, which is crucial for successful venipuncture. By feeling the vein, healthcare professionals can assess its direction and position, allowing them to choose the appropriate angle for inserting a needle. Second, palpating a vein indicates the size of the vein. This information is essential for selecting the correct needle gauge and ensuring a safe and effective procedure. Lastly, palpation also indicates the depth of the vein, which helps in avoiding complications such as puncturing through the vein or causing damage to surrounding tissues. Therefore, all of the given options are valid reasons for palpating a vein.

Explanation

Palpating a vein is necessary for several reasons. First, it helps to determine the angle of insertion, which is crucial for successful venipuncture. By feeling the vein, healthcare professionals can assess its direction and position, allowing them to choose the appropriate angle for inserting a needle. Second, palpating a vein indicates the size of the vein. This information is essential for selecting the correct needle gauge and ensuring a safe and effective procedure. Lastly, palpation also indicates the depth of the vein, which helps in avoiding complications such as puncturing through the vein or causing damage to surrounding tissues. Therefore, all of the given options are valid reasons for palpating a vein.

53. Why do we have a recommended order of draw?

No reasom

Prevent additive contamination

Torture the phlebotomist

To prevent the specimen from clotting

The recommended order of draw is important to prevent additive contamination. Additives in blood collection tubes can interfere with the accuracy of test results if they mix with each other. By following a specific order, the risk of cross-contamination is minimized, ensuring that each tube contains only the intended additive. This helps maintain the integrity of the specimen and ensures accurate test results.

Explanation

The recommended order of draw is important to prevent additive contamination. Additives in blood collection tubes can interfere with the accuracy of test results if they mix with each other. By following a specific order, the risk of cross-contamination is minimized, ensuring that each tube contains only the intended additive. This helps maintain the integrity of the specimen and ensures accurate test results.

54. If blood or body fluid come in contact with hands, you should cleanse them with:

Alcohol

10% bleach

Soap and water

All of the above

When blood or body fluid come in contact with hands, it is important to cleanse them thoroughly to prevent the spread of any potential infections or diseases. Alcohol can be effective in killing some germs, but it may not be as effective in removing visible dirt or contaminants. 10% bleach is too strong and can cause skin irritation. Soap and water, on the other hand, are highly effective in removing dirt, germs, and other contaminants from the hands. Therefore, soap and water is the best option for cleansing hands in this situation.

Explanation

When blood or body fluid come in contact with hands, it is important to cleanse them thoroughly to prevent the spread of any potential infections or diseases. Alcohol can be effective in killing some germs, but it may not be as effective in removing visible dirt or contaminants. 10% bleach is too strong and can cause skin irritation. Soap and water, on the other hand, are highly effective in removing dirt, germs, and other contaminants from the hands. Therefore, soap and water is the best option for cleansing hands in this situation.

55. You are told that a patient need a "STAT" CBC. Which tube do you draw?

Green

Yellow

Lavender

Gray

A "STAT" CBC refers to a complete blood count that needs to be done urgently. The lavender tube is commonly used for collecting blood samples for CBC tests. It contains an anticoagulant called EDTA which helps prevent the blood from clotting and allows for accurate testing of different components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Therefore, to perform a "STAT" CBC, the lavender tube should be drawn.

Explanation

A "STAT" CBC refers to a complete blood count that needs to be done urgently. The lavender tube is commonly used for collecting blood samples for CBC tests. It contains an anticoagulant called EDTA which helps prevent the blood from clotting and allows for accurate testing of different components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Therefore, to perform a "STAT" CBC, the lavender tube should be drawn.

56. When identifying a patient, the phlebotomist should:

Ask "Are you Mrs. Doe?"

Spell the last name for the patient

Ask the patient to state his or her name

All of the above

The phlebotomist should ask the patient to state his or her name when identifying a patient. This is the most reliable method to ensure that the correct patient is being attended to. Asking the patient directly allows for confirmation and eliminates any potential confusion or mistakes.

Explanation

The phlebotomist should ask the patient to state his or her name when identifying a patient. This is the most reliable method to ensure that the correct patient is being attended to. Asking the patient directly allows for confirmation and eliminates any potential confusion or mistakes.

57. Which of the following tubes should be filled last in the recommended order of draw?

Blood culture bottle

Lavender top

Light blue top

Non additive red top

The lavender top tube should be filled last in the recommended order of draw. This is because lavender top tubes are used for collecting blood samples for hematology tests, such as complete blood count (CBC) and blood typing. It is important to fill the other tubes first to avoid any cross-contamination or interference with the lavender top tube, which could affect the accuracy of the hematology tests.

Explanation

The lavender top tube should be filled last in the recommended order of draw. This is because lavender top tubes are used for collecting blood samples for hematology tests, such as complete blood count (CBC) and blood typing. It is important to fill the other tubes first to avoid any cross-contamination or interference with the lavender top tube, which could affect the accuracy of the hematology tests.

58. The most commonly assoiciated infection in laboratory workers is

HBV

HIV

HCT

LOC

HBV, also known as Hepatitis B Virus, is the most commonly associated infection in laboratory workers. This is because laboratory workers may come into contact with blood or other bodily fluids that may contain the virus. HBV is highly infectious and can be transmitted through contaminated needles, accidental needle sticks, or exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids. Therefore, laboratory workers are at a higher risk of contracting HBV compared to other infections such as HIV, HCT, or LOC.

Explanation

HBV, also known as Hepatitis B Virus, is the most commonly associated infection in laboratory workers. This is because laboratory workers may come into contact with blood or other bodily fluids that may contain the virus. HBV is highly infectious and can be transmitted through contaminated needles, accidental needle sticks, or exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids. Therefore, laboratory workers are at a higher risk of contracting HBV compared to other infections such as HIV, HCT, or LOC.

59. After you identify your patient, you notice that the medical number does not match the one on the requisition. What is your response?

Proceed anyway

Correct it

Check with the nurse

Verify before proceeding

If the medical number does not match the one on the requisition, it is important to check with the nurse before proceeding. This is necessary to ensure that the correct patient is being treated and that there are no errors or misunderstandings in the documentation. Checking with the nurse will help to clarify any discrepancies and prevent any potential harm to the patient.

Explanation

If the medical number does not match the one on the requisition, it is important to check with the nurse before proceeding. This is necessary to ensure that the correct patient is being treated and that there are no errors or misunderstandings in the documentation. Checking with the nurse will help to clarify any discrepancies and prevent any potential harm to the patient.

60. You are palpating a patient veins in the left arm and the only vein you find keeps rolling away. What should you do?

Anchor using both a finger above and the thumb below

Stick the needle in fast and hope it doen't roll away

Place the tourniquet on the right arm and locate an alternate

All of the above

Placing the tourniquet on the right arm and locating an alternate vein is the best course of action in this situation. If the only vein in the left arm keeps rolling away, it may be difficult to successfully insert a needle. Placing the tourniquet on the right arm can help to distend the veins and make them easier to palpate and access. Locating an alternate vein ensures that you can still administer medication or draw blood without causing discomfort or harm to the patient.

Explanation

Placing the tourniquet on the right arm and locating an alternate vein is the best course of action in this situation. If the only vein in the left arm keeps rolling away, it may be difficult to successfully insert a needle. Placing the tourniquet on the right arm can help to distend the veins and make them easier to palpate and access. Locating an alternate vein ensures that you can still administer medication or draw blood without causing discomfort or harm to the patient.

61. A bandage should not be applied to

Outpatients

Coumadin patients

Anyone under 2 years of age

Inpatients

Bandages should not be applied to anyone under 2 years of age because young children have delicate skin that is more prone to irritation and skin damage. Additionally, young children may not be able to communicate any discomfort or pain caused by the bandage, leading to potential complications. It is important to use alternative methods to protect and treat wounds in infants and young children.

Explanation

Bandages should not be applied to anyone under 2 years of age because young children have delicate skin that is more prone to irritation and skin damage. Additionally, young children may not be able to communicate any discomfort or pain caused by the bandage, leading to potential complications. It is important to use alternative methods to protect and treat wounds in infants and young children.

62. A coworker asks you to finish labeling her tubes, what should you do?

Refuse

Say ok and do it

Leave your tubes unfinished

None of the above

It is important to prioritize one's own tasks and responsibilities. By refusing to finish labeling someone else's tubes, you are asserting your boundaries and ensuring that you are able to complete your own work effectively. This also promotes accountability and encourages the coworker to take ownership of their own tasks.

Explanation

It is important to prioritize one's own tasks and responsibilities. By refusing to finish labeling someone else's tubes, you are asserting your boundaries and ensuring that you are able to complete your own work effectively. This also promotes accountability and encourages the coworker to take ownership of their own tasks.

63. What are the valves at the entrance of the ventricles in the heart called?

Tricuspid & Bicuspid

Mitral and pulmonic

Pulmonic and aortic

Semi lunar

The valves at the entrance of the ventricles in the heart are called the tricuspid and bicuspid valves. These valves play a crucial role in preventing the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during the contraction of the heart. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, while the bicuspid valve, also known as the mitral valve, is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Explanation

The valves at the entrance of the ventricles in the heart are called the tricuspid and bicuspid valves. These valves play a crucial role in preventing the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during the contraction of the heart. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, while the bicuspid valve, also known as the mitral valve, is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.

64. After eating too much fatty foods and not fasting, we should expect the patient's serum to appear:

Lipemic

Bright pink

Pale yellow

Bright red

After eating too much fatty foods and not fasting, the patient's serum is expected to appear lipemic. Lipemia refers to the presence of an abnormally high level of lipids (fats) in the blood, which can cause the serum to appear cloudy or milky. This is commonly seen after consuming a high-fat meal, as the body releases chylomicrons (lipoproteins that transport dietary fats) into the bloodstream. These chylomicrons increase the lipid content of the serum, resulting in a lipemic appearance.

Explanation

After eating too much fatty foods and not fasting, the patient's serum is expected to appear lipemic. Lipemia refers to the presence of an abnormally high level of lipids (fats) in the blood, which can cause the serum to appear cloudy or milky. This is commonly seen after consuming a high-fat meal, as the body releases chylomicrons (lipoproteins that transport dietary fats) into the bloodstream. These chylomicrons increase the lipid content of the serum, resulting in a lipemic appearance.

65. The patient you are drawing asks what tests are ordered and why. What is your response?

List the tests and explain what each one means

Refer the patient to the provider

Tell them all you know

Just ignore the question

In this situation, referring the patient to the provider is the correct response. As a person who is drawing blood, you may not have the necessary knowledge or authority to explain the meaning of each test. It is best to direct the patient to the provider who can provide accurate and detailed explanations regarding the tests ordered.

Explanation

In this situation, referring the patient to the provider is the correct response. As a person who is drawing blood, you may not have the necessary knowledge or authority to explain the meaning of each test. It is best to direct the patient to the provider who can provide accurate and detailed explanations regarding the tests ordered.

66. The liquid portion of an antocoagulated blood specimen is called:

Plasma

Serum

Cellular components

Buffy coat

Plasma is the correct answer because it is the liquid portion of a blood specimen that is obtained after the blood has been anticoagulated. It contains various components such as water, proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and waste products. Plasma is separated from the cellular components of the blood through centrifugation and is used for various laboratory tests and diagnostic purposes. Serum, on the other hand, is the liquid portion of blood obtained after coagulation has occurred, and it does not contain clotting factors. Cellular components refer to the red and white blood cells, while the buffy coat is the thin layer of white blood cells and platelets that separates from the plasma during centrifugation.

Explanation

Plasma is the correct answer because it is the liquid portion of a blood specimen that is obtained after the blood has been anticoagulated. It contains various components such as water, proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and waste products. Plasma is separated from the cellular components of the blood through centrifugation and is used for various laboratory tests and diagnostic purposes. Serum, on the other hand, is the liquid portion of blood obtained after coagulation has occurred, and it does not contain clotting factors. Cellular components refer to the red and white blood cells, while the buffy coat is the thin layer of white blood cells and platelets that separates from the plasma during centrifugation.

67. When there is going to be a delay in processing a glucose test, which tube is used?

Royal Blue

Lavender

Gray

Plain red

The gray tube is used when there is going to be a delay in processing a glucose test. This is because the gray tube contains an additive called sodium fluoride, which helps preserve glucose levels in the blood for a longer period of time. This tube is commonly used for glucose tolerance tests or when there is a need to measure glucose levels over a longer period of time.

Explanation

The gray tube is used when there is going to be a delay in processing a glucose test. This is because the gray tube contains an additive called sodium fluoride, which helps preserve glucose levels in the blood for a longer period of time. This tube is commonly used for glucose tolerance tests or when there is a need to measure glucose levels over a longer period of time.

68. An evacuated tube system consists of:

Multi-sample needle, Adapter, Tube

Tube, plunger, shaft

Adapter, syringe, bevel

None of the above

An evacuated tube system consists of a multi-sample needle, an adapter, and a tube. This system is used for collecting blood samples for various laboratory tests. The multi-sample needle is used to puncture the vein and collect the blood, while the adapter connects the needle to the tube, allowing the blood to flow into it. The tube is where the blood sample is stored for further analysis. This system ensures a sterile and efficient collection of blood samples.

Explanation

An evacuated tube system consists of a multi-sample needle, an adapter, and a tube. This system is used for collecting blood samples for various laboratory tests. The multi-sample needle is used to puncture the vein and collect the blood, while the adapter connects the needle to the tube, allowing the blood to flow into it. The tube is where the blood sample is stored for further analysis. This system ensures a sterile and efficient collection of blood samples.

69. If proper pressure is not applied to the venipuncture site, it may cause:

Sclerosed vein

Scar

Hematoma

All of the above

If proper pressure is not applied to the venipuncture site, it may cause a hematoma. A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually caused by a break in the vessel wall. In the context of venipuncture, if pressure is not applied after the needle is removed, it can lead to bleeding and the formation of a hematoma at the puncture site. This can be painful and may require additional medical intervention to treat.

Explanation

If proper pressure is not applied to the venipuncture site, it may cause a hematoma. A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually caused by a break in the vessel wall. In the context of venipuncture, if pressure is not applied after the needle is removed, it can lead to bleeding and the formation of a hematoma at the puncture site. This can be painful and may require additional medical intervention to treat.

70. You're performing a procedure on a patient and they start to have a seizure. What should be your first response?

Scream

Remove the tourniquet

Remove the needle

Hold the patient's head

In the event of a patient having a seizure during a procedure, the first response should be to remove the needle. This is because the needle may pose a risk of injury to the patient during the seizure. Removing the needle helps to ensure the safety of the patient and prevent any potential harm.

Explanation

In the event of a patient having a seizure during a procedure, the first response should be to remove the needle. This is because the needle may pose a risk of injury to the patient during the seizure. Removing the needle helps to ensure the safety of the patient and prevent any potential harm.

71. Evacuated tubes with anticoagulants should be mixed how many times?

3-4

5-6

5-10

1-2

Evacuated tubes with anticoagulants should be mixed 5-10 times. Mixing the tubes helps to ensure proper mixing of the anticoagulant with the blood sample, preventing clotting and ensuring accurate test results. The range of 5-10 times allows for thorough mixing without excessive agitation, which could potentially affect the integrity of the sample.

Explanation

Evacuated tubes with anticoagulants should be mixed 5-10 times. Mixing the tubes helps to ensure proper mixing of the anticoagulant with the blood sample, preventing clotting and ensuring accurate test results. The range of 5-10 times allows for thorough mixing without excessive agitation, which could potentially affect the integrity of the sample.

72. A fasting blood sugar is ordered. What should you be asking the patient?

Are you fasting?

When is the last time you had something to eat or drink?

When is the last time you had something to eat?

Any of the above is fine

To accurately interpret the results of a fasting blood sugar test, it is important to know when the patient last ate or drank anything. This information helps determine if the patient has followed the necessary fasting period before the test. Asking whether the patient is fasting or when they last ate alone may not provide sufficient information, as the patient may have consumed beverages that can affect blood sugar levels. Therefore, asking when the patient last had something to eat or drink ensures a comprehensive understanding of their fasting status.

Explanation

To accurately interpret the results of a fasting blood sugar test, it is important to know when the patient last ate or drank anything. This information helps determine if the patient has followed the necessary fasting period before the test. Asking whether the patient is fasting or when they last ate alone may not provide sufficient information, as the patient may have consumed beverages that can affect blood sugar levels. Therefore, asking when the patient last had something to eat or drink ensures a comprehensive understanding of their fasting status.

73. You notice you patient's color has changed since you called him/her. What should you do?

Ignore it

Ask if they are ok

Stop the procedure

Scream for help

If you notice that your patient's color has changed since you called them, it indicates a potential change in their condition. Asking if they are okay is the appropriate response as it allows you to assess their well-being and determine if further action is necessary. Ignoring it may lead to overlooking a serious issue, stopping the procedure without assessing the patient's condition may be unnecessary, and screaming for help may cause panic without addressing the immediate concern.

Explanation

If you notice that your patient's color has changed since you called them, it indicates a potential change in their condition. Asking if they are okay is the appropriate response as it allows you to assess their well-being and determine if further action is necessary. Ignoring it may lead to overlooking a serious issue, stopping the procedure without assessing the patient's condition may be unnecessary, and screaming for help may cause panic without addressing the immediate concern.

74. A glucose tolerance test is ordered. What is the first thing you should do?

Get a urine and blood specimen

Give the patient a drink

Get just a urine

None of the above

Before conducting a glucose tolerance test, it is important to obtain both a urine and blood specimen from the patient. This is necessary to assess the patient's glucose levels before and after consuming a glucose drink. The urine sample helps to measure glucose levels in the urine, while the blood sample provides a more accurate measurement of blood glucose levels. By obtaining both samples, healthcare professionals can accurately diagnose conditions such as diabetes or gestational diabetes and monitor the patient's response to glucose intake.

Explanation

Before conducting a glucose tolerance test, it is important to obtain both a urine and blood specimen from the patient. This is necessary to assess the patient's glucose levels before and after consuming a glucose drink. The urine sample helps to measure glucose levels in the urine, while the blood sample provides a more accurate measurement of blood glucose levels. By obtaining both samples, healthcare professionals can accurately diagnose conditions such as diabetes or gestational diabetes and monitor the patient's response to glucose intake.

75. The correct color of a biohazard sticker is:

Red on black

Black on florescent red or orange

Black on red

Red on blue

The correct color of a biohazard sticker is black on florescent red or orange. This color combination is used to ensure high visibility and to indicate the presence of a hazardous biological substance. The black text stands out against the bright red or orange background, making it easily noticeable and recognizable as a biohazard warning.

Explanation

The correct color of a biohazard sticker is black on florescent red or orange. This color combination is used to ensure high visibility and to indicate the presence of a hazardous biological substance. The black text stands out against the bright red or orange background, making it easily noticeable and recognizable as a biohazard warning.

76. A fasting blood sugar is ordered. You notice your patient is drinking a can of soda. What should you do?

Proceed with the test

Tell her to come back tomorrow and explain why

Speak to your supervisor

Do the test and just mark non-fasting

It is important for the patient to be fasting before a fasting blood sugar test in order to obtain accurate results. Consuming a can of soda can affect the blood sugar levels and invalidate the test. Therefore, it is necessary to ask the patient to come back tomorrow and explain the importance of fasting before the test.

Explanation

It is important for the patient to be fasting before a fasting blood sugar test in order to obtain accurate results. Consuming a can of soda can affect the blood sugar levels and invalidate the test. Therefore, it is necessary to ask the patient to come back tomorrow and explain the importance of fasting before the test.

77. Of all the tubes, which is most critical in filling?

Lavender

Light blue

Plain red

Green tubes

The light blue tube is the most critical in filling because it is commonly used for coagulation testing, which is essential for diagnosing blood clotting disorders. Coagulation tests are crucial in determining the risk of excessive bleeding or blood clot formation, making the light blue tube an important tool in monitoring and managing these conditions.

Explanation

The light blue tube is the most critical in filling because it is commonly used for coagulation testing, which is essential for diagnosing blood clotting disorders. Coagulation tests are crucial in determining the risk of excessive bleeding or blood clot formation, making the light blue tube an important tool in monitoring and managing these conditions.

78. The following test order for different patients have been received in the lab at the same time. Which test would you collect first?

Fasting Glucose

ASAP complete blood count in the ICU

STAT glucose in the ER

STAT hematocrit in the ICU

The test that should be collected first is the STAT glucose in the ER. The term "STAT" indicates that the test is urgent and needs to be prioritized. Additionally, the fact that it is in the ER suggests that it may be related to a critical condition or emergency situation, further emphasizing the need for immediate attention. Collecting this test first would ensure timely diagnosis and treatment if necessary.

Explanation

The test that should be collected first is the STAT glucose in the ER. The term "STAT" indicates that the test is urgent and needs to be prioritized. Additionally, the fact that it is in the ER suggests that it may be related to a critical condition or emergency situation, further emphasizing the need for immediate attention. Collecting this test first would ensure timely diagnosis and treatment if necessary.

79. Applying the tourniquet and palpating the venipuncture serves what purpose except?

Distracts the patient from the discomfort of the procedure

Helps to determine the angle to insert needle

Provides indication of the depth of vein

Provides indication of the size of vein

The purpose of applying the tourniquet and palpating the venipuncture is to provide indication of the depth and size of the vein, as well as to help determine the angle to insert the needle. It does not serve the purpose of distracting the patient from the discomfort of the procedure.

Explanation

The purpose of applying the tourniquet and palpating the venipuncture is to provide indication of the depth and size of the vein, as well as to help determine the angle to insert the needle. It does not serve the purpose of distracting the patient from the discomfort of the procedure.

80. Patient's veins collapse for many reasons. Choose one that will not cause this:

Pulling back on plunger of a syringe draw slowly

Too much vacuum for the size of vein

Needle bevel not inserted into vein

Tourniquet is applied too close to venipuncture site

Pulling back on the plunger of a syringe slowly will not cause the patient's veins to collapse. This is because drawing the plunger slowly creates a gentle suction that does not put excessive pressure on the veins. In contrast, pulling back too quickly or forcefully can create a high vacuum, which can cause the veins to collapse.

Explanation

Pulling back on the plunger of a syringe slowly will not cause the patient's veins to collapse. This is because drawing the plunger slowly creates a gentle suction that does not put excessive pressure on the veins. In contrast, pulling back too quickly or forcefully can create a high vacuum, which can cause the veins to collapse.

81. If an arterial specimen is accidentally draw, what should you do?

Call your supervisor

Label as arterial

Discard and draw a venous sample

Do nothing

If an arterial specimen is accidentally drawn, it should be labeled as arterial. This is important because the specimen needs to be correctly identified to ensure proper handling and processing. Labeling it as arterial will help prevent any confusion or mistakes in the laboratory. It is important to follow proper protocols and inform the supervisor about the incident to ensure appropriate actions are taken.

Explanation

If an arterial specimen is accidentally drawn, it should be labeled as arterial. This is important because the specimen needs to be correctly identified to ensure proper handling and processing. Labeling it as arterial will help prevent any confusion or mistakes in the laboratory. It is important to follow proper protocols and inform the supervisor about the incident to ensure appropriate actions are taken.

82. When anchoring a patient's vein you must use:

A finger you feel comfortable with

The thumb below

The finger above and the thumb below

All of the above

When anchoring a patient's vein, it is important to use the thumb below. This is because the thumb provides stability and control while the finger above helps in applying pressure to the vein. Using both the thumb below and the finger above ensures a secure grip and minimizes the risk of the vein slipping or moving during the procedure.

Explanation

When anchoring a patient's vein, it is important to use the thumb below. This is because the thumb provides stability and control while the finger above helps in applying pressure to the vein. Using both the thumb below and the finger above ensures a secure grip and minimizes the risk of the vein slipping or moving during the procedure.

83. When performing a venipuncture, the best angle for needle insertion is:

15-30 Degress

30 degrees

30-45 degrees

5-15 degress

The best angle for needle insertion during a venipuncture is 15-30 degrees. This angle allows for proper access to the vein while minimizing the risk of puncturing through the vein or causing discomfort to the patient. A shallower angle (5-15 degrees) may result in the needle not entering the vein properly, while a steeper angle (30-45 degrees) may increase the risk of puncturing through the vein or causing hematoma formation. Therefore, the ideal angle for needle insertion is 15-30 degrees.

Explanation

The best angle for needle insertion during a venipuncture is 15-30 degrees. This angle allows for proper access to the vein while minimizing the risk of puncturing through the vein or causing discomfort to the patient. A shallower angle (5-15 degrees) may result in the needle not entering the vein properly, while a steeper angle (30-45 degrees) may increase the risk of puncturing through the vein or causing hematoma formation. Therefore, the ideal angle for needle insertion is 15-30 degrees.

84. An unconscious patient has a wristband on that matches the requisition you hold in you hand>

You attempt to wake the patient for verbal verification

Obtain verification from the nurse

Refuse to draw the patient

Continue with the procedure with the same professionalism as you would a comscious person

The correct answer is to continue with the procedure with the same professionalism as you would with a conscious person. This is because the wristband on the unconscious patient matches the requisition in your hand, indicating that the patient has been properly identified. Verifying with the nurse or attempting to wake the patient for verbal verification may not be necessary in this case, as the identification is already confirmed. It is important to maintain professionalism and follow proper protocols when dealing with unconscious patients.

Explanation

The correct answer is to continue with the procedure with the same professionalism as you would with a conscious person. This is because the wristband on the unconscious patient matches the requisition in your hand, indicating that the patient has been properly identified. Verifying with the nurse or attempting to wake the patient for verbal verification may not be necessary in this case, as the identification is already confirmed. It is important to maintain professionalism and follow proper protocols when dealing with unconscious patients.

85. Arriving in ICU you find a patient has an IV running. The NAACLS recommends that we have the nurse shut off the IV for a minumum of ___________minutes and draw a _________tube first.

2, Blue top

5, Discard tube

2, Discard tube

10, Lavender tube

The correct answer is 2, Discard tube. When arriving in the ICU and finding a patient with an IV running, the NAACLS recommends shutting off the IV for a minimum of 2 minutes and drawing a discard tube first. This is done to ensure that any residual IV fluid or medication is cleared from the IV line before collecting a sample for testing. The discard tube is used to remove any potential contamination that may have occurred during the IV administration.

Explanation

The correct answer is 2, Discard tube. When arriving in the ICU and finding a patient with an IV running, the NAACLS recommends shutting off the IV for a minimum of 2 minutes and drawing a discard tube first. This is done to ensure that any residual IV fluid or medication is cleared from the IV line before collecting a sample for testing. The discard tube is used to remove any potential contamination that may have occurred during the IV administration.

86. What does VAD stand for?

Venous Access Device

Vascular Access Device

Vascular Accessory Device

None of the above

VAD stands for Vascular Access Device. This is a medical device that is used to gain access to the bloodstream for the purpose of delivering medications, fluids, or obtaining blood samples. It is commonly used in hospitals and other healthcare settings to provide long-term access to the vascular system. Venous Access Device is incorrect because it only refers to accessing veins, whereas Vascular Access Device encompasses both venous and arterial access. Vascular Accessory Device is not a recognized term in the medical field. Therefore, the correct answer is Vascular Access Device.

Explanation

VAD stands for Vascular Access Device. This is a medical device that is used to gain access to the bloodstream for the purpose of delivering medications, fluids, or obtaining blood samples. It is commonly used in hospitals and other healthcare settings to provide long-term access to the vascular system. Venous Access Device is incorrect because it only refers to accessing veins, whereas Vascular Access Device encompasses both venous and arterial access. Vascular Accessory Device is not a recognized term in the medical field. Therefore, the correct answer is Vascular Access Device.

87. What is the meaning of blood?

The brain of life

The river of life

The cell of life

The flow of life

The term "The river of life" is often used metaphorically to describe blood. This is because blood flows through our bodies, delivering oxygen and nutrients to all our cells, and removing waste products. It is essential for sustaining life, just like a river is necessary for the survival of a community or ecosystem. Therefore, "The river of life" is a fitting description for the meaning of blood.

Explanation

The term "The river of life" is often used metaphorically to describe blood. This is because blood flows through our bodies, delivering oxygen and nutrients to all our cells, and removing waste products. It is essential for sustaining life, just like a river is necessary for the survival of a community or ecosystem. Therefore, "The river of life" is a fitting description for the meaning of blood.

88. You arrive at the patient's room and find a member of the clergy with them. What would you do?

Say, excuse me. I need to collect a specimen on this patient

Come back later

Ask the patient's nurse what to do

Fill our a form saying that you were unable to collect the specimen and return to the lab

When you arrive at the patient's room and find a member of the clergy with them, it would be appropriate to come back later. This is because the presence of the clergy indicates that the patient may be engaged in a religious or spiritual activity, and it would be respectful to give them privacy and allow them to finish their interaction before proceeding with any medical procedures or tasks.

Explanation

When you arrive at the patient's room and find a member of the clergy with them, it would be appropriate to come back later. This is because the presence of the clergy indicates that the patient may be engaged in a religious or spiritual activity, and it would be respectful to give them privacy and allow them to finish their interaction before proceeding with any medical procedures or tasks.

89. The shield of the needles are colored by gauge according to the:

Length

Manufacturer

Gauge

All of the above

The shield of the needles are colored by gauge. This means that the color of the shield indicates the size or thickness of the needle. The gauge is an important factor in determining the appropriate needle for a particular medical procedure. Different gauges are used for different purposes, and the color-coding system helps healthcare professionals quickly identify the correct needle size for their needs. Therefore, the correct answer is Gauge.

Explanation

The shield of the needles are colored by gauge. This means that the color of the shield indicates the size or thickness of the needle. The gauge is an important factor in determining the appropriate needle for a particular medical procedure. Different gauges are used for different purposes, and the color-coding system helps healthcare professionals quickly identify the correct needle size for their needs. Therefore, the correct answer is Gauge.

90. Which anticoagulant prevents coagulation by inhibiting thrombin?

EDTA

Heparin

Sodium Citrate

Potassium oxalate

Heparin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting thrombin, which is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. By inhibiting thrombin, heparin prevents the formation of blood clots and helps to maintain blood flow. EDTA, sodium citrate, and potassium oxalate are also anticoagulants, but they work through different mechanisms and do not specifically inhibit thrombin.

Explanation

Heparin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting thrombin, which is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. By inhibiting thrombin, heparin prevents the formation of blood clots and helps to maintain blood flow. EDTA, sodium citrate, and potassium oxalate are also anticoagulants, but they work through different mechanisms and do not specifically inhibit thrombin.

91. Which of the following actions is not proper venipuncture technique?

Allow the tubes to full until the vacuum is exhausted

Maintain the tube in a downward position throughout the draw

Remove the tourniquet as soon as blood flows freely into the tube

Fill the tube from the stopper end first

Filling the tube from the stopper end first is not proper venipuncture technique because it can introduce air bubbles into the collected blood sample, which can affect the accuracy of the test results. It is important to fill the tube from the bottom to ensure that the blood is properly collected without any contamination or introduction of air.

Explanation

Filling the tube from the stopper end first is not proper venipuncture technique because it can introduce air bubbles into the collected blood sample, which can affect the accuracy of the test results. It is important to fill the tube from the bottom to ensure that the blood is properly collected without any contamination or introduction of air.

92. Prolonged tourniquet application will cause:

Hemolysis

Hematoma

Hemoconcentration

All of the above

Prolonged tourniquet application can cause hemoconcentration. When a tourniquet is applied for an extended period of time, it restricts blood flow to the area below the tourniquet. This can lead to an increase in the concentration of red blood cells and other components of the blood in that area, resulting in hemoconcentration. Hemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells, which is not directly caused by tourniquet application. Hematoma refers to the collection of blood outside of blood vessels, which can occur as a result of trauma or injury, but is not directly caused by tourniquet application.

Explanation

Prolonged tourniquet application can cause hemoconcentration. When a tourniquet is applied for an extended period of time, it restricts blood flow to the area below the tourniquet. This can lead to an increase in the concentration of red blood cells and other components of the blood in that area, resulting in hemoconcentration. Hemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells, which is not directly caused by tourniquet application. Hematoma refers to the collection of blood outside of blood vessels, which can occur as a result of trauma or injury, but is not directly caused by tourniquet application.

93. What is the process called when an injury to a vessel is being repaired?

Hemolysis

Hemostasis

Vasoconstriction

Homeostasis

Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding and repairing an injury to a blood vessel. It involves vasoconstriction, the narrowing of the blood vessel to reduce blood flow, and the formation of a blood clot to seal the injured area. This process helps to maintain homeostasis, the balance of internal conditions in the body. Hemolysis, on the other hand, refers to the destruction of red blood cells, which is not relevant to the repair of a vessel injury.

Explanation

Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding and repairing an injury to a blood vessel. It involves vasoconstriction, the narrowing of the blood vessel to reduce blood flow, and the formation of a blood clot to seal the injured area. This process helps to maintain homeostasis, the balance of internal conditions in the body. Hemolysis, on the other hand, refers to the destruction of red blood cells, which is not relevant to the repair of a vessel injury.

94. Which department can have lethal results within minutes?

Chenistry

Blood bank

Microbiology

Serology

The correct answer is Blood bank. This department deals with the storage and transfusion of blood products, and any errors or contamination in the process can have serious consequences for the patients receiving the blood. If the wrong blood type is given or if the blood is contaminated with pathogens, it can lead to severe allergic reactions, transfusion reactions, or even death within minutes. Therefore, it is crucial for the blood bank staff to follow strict protocols and ensure the safety and compatibility of blood products before transfusion.

Explanation

The correct answer is Blood bank. This department deals with the storage and transfusion of blood products, and any errors or contamination in the process can have serious consequences for the patients receiving the blood. If the wrong blood type is given or if the blood is contaminated with pathogens, it can lead to severe allergic reactions, transfusion reactions, or even death within minutes. Therefore, it is crucial for the blood bank staff to follow strict protocols and ensure the safety and compatibility of blood products before transfusion.

95. Quality of test results are only as good as the

Quality of the phlebotomist

Quantity of the specimen

Quality of the specimen

All of the above

The quality of the test results depends on the quality of the specimen. If the specimen collected for testing is of low quality or contaminated, it can lead to inaccurate results. The phlebotomist plays a role in ensuring the quality of the specimen by properly collecting and handling it. The quantity of the specimen is also important as it should be sufficient for the required tests. Therefore, all three factors - the quality of the phlebotomist, the quantity of the specimen, and the quality of the specimen - contribute to the overall quality of the test results.

Explanation

The quality of the test results depends on the quality of the specimen. If the specimen collected for testing is of low quality or contaminated, it can lead to inaccurate results. The phlebotomist plays a role in ensuring the quality of the specimen by properly collecting and handling it. The quantity of the specimen is also important as it should be sufficient for the required tests. Therefore, all three factors - the quality of the phlebotomist, the quantity of the specimen, and the quality of the specimen - contribute to the overall quality of the test results.

96. Which additive preserves cell morphology and inhibits platelet aggregation?

SPS

EDTA

Sodium Citrate

Heparin

EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) is the correct answer because it is known to preserve cell morphology by chelating calcium ions, which are essential for cell adhesion and aggregation. By removing calcium ions, EDTA prevents cells from clumping together or aggregating. Additionally, EDTA also inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing the activation of platelets and the formation of blood clots. Therefore, EDTA is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes to preserve cell morphology and inhibit platelet aggregation.

Explanation

EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) is the correct answer because it is known to preserve cell morphology by chelating calcium ions, which are essential for cell adhesion and aggregation. By removing calcium ions, EDTA prevents cells from clumping together or aggregating. Additionally, EDTA also inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing the activation of platelets and the formation of blood clots. Therefore, EDTA is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes to preserve cell morphology and inhibit platelet aggregation.

97. When identifying a patient, one might look at additional information such as:

Military ID

Passport

License

All of the above

When identifying a patient, additional information such as a license can be used. A license typically contains the person's name, photograph, and other identifying details, making it a reliable form of identification. While a military ID and passport can also be used for identification, the given answer suggests that a license is a valid option as well.

Explanation

When identifying a patient, additional information such as a license can be used. A license typically contains the person's name, photograph, and other identifying details, making it a reliable form of identification. While a military ID and passport can also be used for identification, the given answer suggests that a license is a valid option as well.

98. Coagulation factors circulating in the tissue are part of which pathway?

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

Common

Clot retraction

Coagulation factors circulating in the tissue are part of the extrinsic pathway. The extrinsic pathway is initiated by tissue factor, which is released from damaged tissue. This pathway is responsible for the rapid initiation of blood clotting in response to injury. In contrast, the intrinsic pathway is initiated by factors within the blood itself. The common pathway is the final step in the coagulation cascade, where both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways converge. Clot retraction is a separate process that occurs after clot formation and involves the contraction of platelets to consolidate the clot.

Explanation

Coagulation factors circulating in the tissue are part of the extrinsic pathway. The extrinsic pathway is initiated by tissue factor, which is released from damaged tissue. This pathway is responsible for the rapid initiation of blood clotting in response to injury. In contrast, the intrinsic pathway is initiated by factors within the blood itself. The common pathway is the final step in the coagulation cascade, where both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways converge. Clot retraction is a separate process that occurs after clot formation and involves the contraction of platelets to consolidate the clot.

99. Properly number the sequence of events following a vessel injury.

Fibrin clot

Platelet plug

Fibrinolysis

Vasoconstriction

After a vessel injury, the first step is vasoconstriction, which helps to reduce blood flow and prevent excessive bleeding. This is followed by the formation of a platelet plug, where platelets adhere to the site of injury and aggregate to form a temporary seal. Next, fibrin clot formation occurs, where fibrinogen is converted to fibrin by the enzyme thrombin, creating a stable blood clot. Fibrinolysis is the final step, where the clot is gradually dissolved by the enzyme plasmin to allow for tissue repair.

Explanation

After a vessel injury, the first step is vasoconstriction, which helps to reduce blood flow and prevent excessive bleeding. This is followed by the formation of a platelet plug, where platelets adhere to the site of injury and aggregate to form a temporary seal. Next, fibrin clot formation occurs, where fibrinogen is converted to fibrin by the enzyme thrombin, creating a stable blood clot. Fibrinolysis is the final step, where the clot is gradually dissolved by the enzyme plasmin to allow for tissue repair.

100. Which of the following test would be considered a "STAT"?

CSF test

Urine test

CBC test

Lipid test

A "STAT" test refers to a test that needs to be done urgently or immediately. In a medical setting, a urine test can often be performed quickly and provide immediate results, making it suitable for a "STAT" test. On the other hand, CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) test, CBC (complete blood count) test, and lipid test may require more time for sample collection, processing, and analysis, and therefore may not be considered "STAT" tests.

Explanation

A "STAT" test refers to a test that needs to be done urgently or immediately. In a medical setting, a urine test can often be performed quickly and provide immediate results, making it suitable for a "STAT" test. On the other hand, CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) test, CBC (complete blood count) test, and lipid test may require more time for sample collection, processing, and analysis, and therefore may not be considered "STAT" tests.