Cisco-CCIE-R&S-MPLS

1. Match the terms with their definition.

The service provider’s internal core routers. These routers do not need to maintain VPN routes.

The customer’s internal routers. They do not connect to the provider. These routers do not maintain VPN routes.

The edge routers on the customer side that connect to the service provider. These routers do not maintain VPN routes.

The edge routers on the service provider side that connect with the customer’s CE routers. PE routers maintain VPN routes for the VPNs associated with the connected interfaces.

Submit

2. In a MPLS VPN, PE advertised RT in BGP updates as BGP Extended Community Path Attributes (PA)?

True

False

RT = Router Target
PE = Provider Edge router
In a MPLS VPN, PE advertised RT in BGP updates as BGP Extended Community Path Attributes (PA).

Explanation

RT = Router Target
PE = Provider Edge router
In a MPLS VPN, PE advertised RT in BGP updates as BGP Extended Community Path Attributes (PA).

3. The MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSP) are unidirectional.

True

False

Eventhough Label Switched Paths (LSP) are unidirectional, since they are constructed from an IGP IP best routes, they are usually symentric. That is, the labels that compose the LSP from A to B is usually the sames that the LSP from B to A.

Explanation

Eventhough Label Switched Paths (LSP) are unidirectional, since they are constructed from an IGP IP best routes, they are usually symentric. That is, the labels that compose the LSP from A to B is usually the sames that the LSP from B to A.

4. VRF Lite, also known as Multi-VRF CE, provides multiple instance of IP routing tables in a single router.

True

False

5. In a MPLS header, which field is used for QoS marking?

20 bits Label field

3 bits EXP field

1 bits Bottom-to-Stack field

8 bits TTL field

EXP field is used for QoS marking; the field is no longer used for truly experimental purposes.

Explanation

EXP field is used for QoS marking; the field is no longer used for truly experimental purposes.

6. In a MPLS L3 VPN, the inner label (S-bit = 1) serves to indicate to the egress PE router the VRF that the packet belongs to. The VRF will then uses its FIB to forward the packet the corresponding outgoing interface. The inner label is calles the "VPN Label".

True

False

7. In a MPLS VPN, for a particular IPv4 prefix the RT and RD can have the same value or a different value.

True

False

In a MPLS VPN, a particular prefix the value of its Route Distinguisher (RD) can be equal or different to its Route Targer (RT) assigned to it.

Explanation

In a MPLS VPN, a particular prefix the value of its Route Distinguisher (RD) can be equal or different to its Route Targer (RT) assigned to it.

8. MPLS belongs to the family of packet-switched networks.

True

False

9. The "ip vrf forwarding" interface subcommand, associates an interface with a VRF. Executing this command on an interface removes the IP address. The IP address should be reconfigured.

True

False

10. Which feature allows a service provider to provide MPLS VPN to multiple customers connected to the same PE router?

By configuring static LIB entry for each customer, allowing a diffrent mapping for overlapping subnets.

11. The MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSP) process of advertising labels is based (triggered) on the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP).

True

False

12. MPLS includes 2 labeling mode: Frame and Cell modes. With Frame Mode MPLS, the label is inserted between the Layer 2 and Layer 3 header. With Cell Mode MPLS, the fields in the ATM header are used as the label.

True

False

13. In a Layer 3 MPLS VPN (RFC2547) environment, the PE router's data plane has to place 2 labels on incoming packets: - The outer label (S-bit=0), identifying that the packet is destined to the egress PE router at the over end of the Layer 3 MPLS VPN. - The inner label (S-bit=1), identifying which Virtual Routing/Forwarding (VRF) instance to use for the subsequent IP routing lookup at the egress PE router.

True

False

14. The MPLS Label Information Base (LIB) contains all labels known by the LSR, whether the label is currently used for forwarding of not.

True

False

15. In a MPLS VPN, a prefix, of a particular VRF, can have only one RD, but multiple RT assigned to it.

True

False

In a MPLS VPN, a particular prefix can have only one Route Distinguisher (RD), but multiple Route Targer (RT) assigned to it.

Explanation

In a MPLS VPN, a particular prefix can have only one Route Distinguisher (RD), but multiple Route Targer (RT) assigned to it.

16. By default, LSR reads the TTL field in the IP header of the incoming packet, decrements it by 1, and copies what is left into the TTL field of the MPLS header. The core LSRs only look at the uppermost label. If the TTL value does not reach 0, the packet is forwarded. The egress edge LSR that pops the label copies what is left in the label TTL field into the TTL field of the IP header and then forwards the IP packet outside the MPLS domain.

True

False

17. The main purpose of VRF Lite, is to create internetwork that allow overlapping IP address spaces without requiring NAT.

True

False

18. Cisco IOS uses MPLS Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP) by default.

True

False

19. In a MPLS L3 VPN, how one can simplify this partial configuration: ip vrf CA rd 1:111 route-target import 1:100 route-target export 1:100 !

Ip vrf CA 1:111 1:100

Ip vrf CA rd 1:111 route-target 1:100

Ip vrf CA rd 1:111 route-target both 1:100!

Ip vrf CA rd 1:111 rt 1:100!

20. MPLS LSRs use both the CEF FIB and the MPLS LFIB when forwarding packets.

True

False

CEF Forwarding Information Base is uses to forward unlabeled packets
CEF Labeled Forwarding Information Base is uses to forward labeled packets

Explanation

CEF Forwarding Information Base is uses to forward unlabeled packets
CEF Labeled Forwarding Information Base is uses to forward labeled packets

21. In a MPLS VPN, a prefix, of a particular VRF, can have only one RT, but multiple RD assigned to it.

True

False

In a MPLS VPN, a particular prefix can have only one Route Distinguisher (RD), but multiple Route Targer (RT) assigned to it (using multiple route-target export/import commands under a particular VRF).

Explanation

In a MPLS VPN, a particular prefix can have only one Route Distinguisher (RD), but multiple Route Targer (RT) assigned to it (using multiple route-target export/import commands under a particular VRF).

22. What concept allows MP-BGP to advertise and distinguish between duplicate IPv4 prefixes?

A separate instance of the routing protocol

A new NLRI format (VPN-V4) composed of two parts: 64 bits Route Disttinguisher (RD) and 32 bits IPv4 prefix

A multi-labeling (one per prefix) of overlapping NLRI

By peering with CE router that will import LIB entries for each customer, allowing a diffrent mapping for overlapping subnets.

23. Which statement best define a Forwarding Equivalent Class (FEC)?

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) application

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) control protocol

24. By default, the TTL field in an IP header is not decremented when passing throughout a MPLS network.

True

False

The TTL field in an IP header is decremented at the Ingress E-LSR.
Then its value is copied in the MPLS TTL field, which is decremented along the MPLS path.
Finally the MPLS TTL value (decremented) is copied in the IP TTL field.

Explanation

The TTL field in an IP header is decremented at the Ingress E-LSR.
Then its value is copied in the MPLS TTL field, which is decremented along the MPLS path.
Finally the MPLS TTL value (decremented) is copied in the IP TTL field.

25. Which command displays the contents of the label forwarding information base (LFIB)?

Show mpls ldp bindings

Show mpls ldp discovery

Show mpls ldp neighbor

Show mpls ldp parameters

Show mpls prefix-map

Show mpls traffic-eng autoroute

Show mpls traffic-eng link-management admission-control

Show mpls forwarding-table

26. In a MPLS L3 VPN, the outer label (S-bit = 0) serves to indicate to the egress PE router the VRF that the packet belongs to. The VRF will then uses its FIB to forward the packet the corresponding outgoing interface. The outer label is calles the "VPN Label".

True

False

In a MPLS L3 VPN, the inner label (S-bit = 1) serves to indicate to the egress PE router the VRF that the packet belongs to. The VRF will then uses its FIB to forward the packet the corresponding outgoing interface.

The inner label is calles the "VPN Label".

Explanation

In a MPLS L3 VPN, the inner label (S-bit = 1) serves to indicate to the egress PE router the VRF that the packet belongs to. The VRF will then uses its FIB to forward the packet the corresponding outgoing interface.

The inner label is calles the "VPN Label".

27. Which statement defines the MPLS VPN default feature Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)?

Important encapsulation in a Layer 3 MPLS VPN environment, that reduces the forwarding delay by popping the penultimate label

Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) is a function performed by certain routers in an MPLS enabled network. It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS tagged packet is removed by a Label Switch Router (LSR) before the packet is passed to an adjacent Label Edge Router (LER).

The process is important in a Layer 3 MPLS VPN (RFC2547) environment as it reduces the load on the LER. If this process didn't happen, the LER would have to perform at least 2 label lookups:

1.The outer label, identifying that the packet was destined to have its label stripped on this router.
2.The inner label, to identify which Virtual Routing/Forwarding (VRF) instance to use for the subsequent IP routing lookup.
In a large network this can result in the CPU load on the LER reaching unacceptable levels. By having PHP for an LER done on the LSRs connected to it, the load is effectively distributed among its neighbour routers.

PHP functionality is achieved by the LER advertising a label with a value of 3 to its neighbours. This label is defined as implicit-null and informs the neighbouring LSR(s) to perform PHP.

Explanation

Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) is a function performed by certain routers in an MPLS enabled network. It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS tagged packet is removed by a Label Switch Router (LSR) before the packet is passed to an adjacent Label Edge Router (LER).

The process is important in a Layer 3 MPLS VPN (RFC2547) environment as it reduces the load on the LER. If this process didn't happen, the LER would have to perform at least 2 label lookups:

1.The outer label, identifying that the packet was destined to have its label stripped on this router.
2.The inner label, to identify which Virtual Routing/Forwarding (VRF) instance to use for the subsequent IP routing lookup.
In a large network this can result in the CPU load on the LER reaching unacceptable levels. By having PHP for an LER done on the LSRs connected to it, the load is effectively distributed among its neighbour routers.

PHP functionality is achieved by the LER advertising a label with a value of 3 to its neighbours. This label is defined as implicit-null and informs the neighbouring LSR(s) to perform PHP.

28. The MPLS Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and the Labeled Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) contains ONLY the best Label Switched Path (LSP).

True

False

29. What will happen after entering this command: Router(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding vpn1

Executing this command will import NLRI into VRF "vpn1"

Executing this command will export NLRI from VRF "vpn1"

Executing this command will remove the IP address configured on the interface.

30. Cisco IOS uses MPLS Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) by default.

True

False

Cisco IOS uses MPLS Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP) by default.

Explanation

Cisco IOS uses MPLS Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP) by default.

31. MPLS includes 2 labeling mode: Frame and Cell modes. With Cell Mode MPLS, the label is inserted between the Layer 2 and Layer 3 header. With Frame Mode MPLS, the fields in the frame header are used as the label.

True

False

With Frame Mode MPLS, the label is inserted between the Layer 2 and Layer 3 header. With Cell Mode MPLS, the fields in the ATM header are used as the label.

Explanation

With Frame Mode MPLS, the label is inserted between the Layer 2 and Layer 3 header. With Cell Mode MPLS, the fields in the ATM header are used as the label.

32. The "ip vrf forwarding" interface subcommand, associates an interface with a VRF. Executing this command on an interface add the IP address defined under the corresponding VRF.

True

False

The "ip vrf forwarding" interface subcommand, associates an interface with a VRF. Executing this command on an interface removes the IP address. The IP address should be reconfigured.

Explanation

The "ip vrf forwarding" interface subcommand, associates an interface with a VRF. Executing this command on an interface removes the IP address. The IP address should be reconfigured.

33. Match the control protocols used to exchange FEC-to-Label Binding to their corresponding MPLS application.

LDP or TDP

PIMv2 Extensions

MP-BGP

RSVP or CR-LDP

Extensions to LDP or TDP

Submit

34. Which command displays the contents of the label information base (LIB)?

Show mpls ldp bindings

Show mpls ldp discovery

Show mpls ldp neighbor

Show mpls ldp parameters

Show mpls prefix-map

Show mpls traffic-eng autoroute

Show mpls traffic-eng link-management admission-control

Show mpls forwarding-table

35. In a Layer 3 MPLS VPN (RFC2547) environment, the PE router's control plane has to place 2 labels on incoming packets: - The outer label (S-bit=1), identifying that the packet is destined to the egress PE router at the over end of the Layer 3 MPLS VPN. - The inner label (S-bit=0), identifying which Virtual Routing/Forwarding (VRF) instance to use for the subsequent IP routing lookup at the egress PE router.

True

False

- The outer label (S-bit=0), The inner label (S-bit=1).

Explanation

- The outer label (S-bit=0), The inner label (S-bit=1).

36. What behavior can be changed with the no mpls ip propagate-ttl forwarded global configuration command?

When using the traceroute command on an Edge LSR, the whole MPLS networks looks like 1 hop.

When using the traceroute command on a host, the whole MPLS networks looks like 1 hop.

The core LSRs, where the command is configured, will START decrementing IP TTL field.

The core LSRs, where the command is configured, will STOP decrementing MPLS TTL field.

37. The MPLS Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and the Labeled Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) contains ALL the Label Switched Path (LSP) segments.

True

False

38. By default, LSR reads the TTL field in the IP header of the incoming packet, decrements it by 1, and copies what is left into the TTL field of the MPLS header. The core LSRs only look at the uppermost label. The net result is that the IP header TTL does NOT reflect the hops taken across the MPLS core; so when customers perform a traceroute from one side of their network to another side, the routers in the MPLS core network do not appear in the traceroute information.

True

False

This is not the default behavior, this is done by configuring the command no mpls ip propagate-ttl.

Explanation

This is not the default behavior, this is done by configuring the command no mpls ip propagate-ttl.

39. In a Layer 3 MPLS VPN (RFC2547) environment, the PE router's control plane has to place 2 labels on incoming packets: - The outer label (S-bit=0), identifying which Virtual Routing/Forwarding (VRF) instance to use for the subsequent IP routing lookup at the egress PE router. - The inner label (S-bit=1), identifying that the packet is destined to the egress PE router at the over end of the Layer 3 MPLS VPN.

True

False

- The outer label (S-bit=0), identifying that the packet is destined to the egress PE router at the over end of the Layer 3 MPLS VPN.

- The inner label (S-bit=1), identifying which Virtual Routing/Forwarding (VRF) instance to use for the subsequent IP routing lookup at the egress PE router.

Explanation

- The outer label (S-bit=0), identifying that the packet is destined to the egress PE router at the over end of the Layer 3 MPLS VPN.

- The inner label (S-bit=1), identifying which Virtual Routing/Forwarding (VRF) instance to use for the subsequent IP routing lookup at the egress PE router.

40. Which command displays the status of Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) sessions? Ex.: Peer LDP Ident: 203.0.7.7:2; Local LDP Ident 8.1.1.1:1 TCP connection: 203.0.7.7.11032 - 8.1.1.1.646 State: Oper; Msgs sent/rcvd: 5855/6371; Downstream on demand Up time: 13:15:09 LDP discovery sources: ATM3/0.1 Peer LDP Ident: 7.1.1.1:0; Local LDP Ident 8.1.1.1:0 TCP connection: 7.1.1.1.646 - 8.1.1.1.11006 State: Oper; Msgs sent/rcvd: 4/411; Downstream Up time: 00:00:52 LDP discovery sources: Ethernet1/0/0 Addresses bound to peer LDP Ident: 2.0.0.29 7.1.1.1 59.0.0.199 212.10.1.1 10.205.0.9

Show mpls ldp bindings

Show mpls ldp discovery

Show mpls ldp neighbor

Show mpls ldp parameters

Show mpls prefix-map

Show mpls traffic-eng autoroute

Show mpls traffic-eng link-management admission-control

Show mpls forwarding-table

41. Which command configures sessions that carry customer Virtual Private Network (VPN)-IPv4 prefixes with routing protocols such as Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?

R1 (config)# address-family vpnv4

R1 (config)# ip vrf forwarding vpnv4

R1 (config)# route-target export

R1 (config)# route-target import

!On each MPLS-enabled interface R1 (config-if)# ip vrf forwarding vpnv4

!On each MPLS-enabled interface R1 (config-if)# mpls ip distribution vpnv4

R1 (config-router)# address-family vpnv4

R1 (config-router)# ip vrf forwarding vpnv4

R1 (config-router)# route-target export

R1 (config-router)# route-target import

42. Which Routing Protocol supports VRF?

OSPF

EIGRP

RIPv1

RIPv2

PIM

BGP

Submit

43. VRF Lite, allows MPLS configuration on L3 switches with less CPU power.

True

False

VRF Lite, also known as Multi-VRF CE, provides multiple instance of IP routing tables in a single router.

Explanation

VRF Lite, also known as Multi-VRF CE, provides multiple instance of IP routing tables in a single router.

44. What are the 3 main components of a VRF inside a router.

A distinct Autonomus System for each VRF within the router

A shared SVI

An IP routing table (RIB)

A CEF FIB, populated based on its VRF's RIB

A Label Distribution Protocol

A separate instance of the routing protocol

A dedicated LLQ

Autonomus System for each VRF does not have to be unique within the router

Explanation

Autonomus System for each VRF does not have to be unique within the router

Submit

45. In a MPLS VPN, PE advertised RT in iBGP updates?

True

False

RT = Router Target
PE = Provider Edge router
In a MPLS VPN, PE advertised RT in BGP updates as BGP Extended Community Path Attributes (PA).

Explanation

RT = Router Target
PE = Provider Edge router
In a MPLS VPN, PE advertised RT in BGP updates as BGP Extended Community Path Attributes (PA).

46. Which command displays the following information: Neighbors of LDP or Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP). The list of interfaces over which the LDP discovery process is running.

Show mpls ldp bindings

Show mpls ldp discovery

Show mpls ldp neighbor

Show mpls ldp parameters

Show mpls prefix-map

Show mpls traffic-eng autoroute

Show mpls traffic-eng link-management admission-control

Show mpls ldp backoff

47. Match the LSR type with their corresponding definition.

Any router that pushes labels onto packets, pops labels from packets, or simply forwards labeled packets.

LSR router processing both labeled and unlabeled packets.

For a particular packet, the router that receives an unlabeled packet and then inserts a label stack in front of the IP header.

For a particular packet, the router that receives a labeled packet and then removes all MPLS labels, forwarding an unlabeled packet.

Runs MPLS protocols in the control plane to set up ATM virtual circuits. Forwards labeled packets as ATM cells.

Performs the ATM Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR) function.

Submit

48. What behavior can be changed with the no mpls ip propagate-ttl local global configuration command?

When using the traceroute command on an Edge LSR, the whole MPLS networks looks like 1 hop.

When using the traceroute command on a host, the whole MPLS networks looks like 1 hop.

The core LSRs, where the command is configured, will START decrementing IP TTL field.

The core LSRs, where the command is configured, will STOP decrementing MPLS TTL field.

49. Instead of implementing VRF Lite, what are others tools an engineer can used?

NAT to deal with overlapping networks

OSPF Areas to deal with overlapping networks

ACLs to filter packets to deal with Layer 3 domains separation

Route filters to deal with Layer 3 domains separation

Separate physical links between sites to deal with Layer 3 domains separation

Submit

50. The MPLS Label Information Base (LIB) contains all LSP known by the LSR, whether the label is currently used for forwarding of not.

True

False

Labeled Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) contains the Label Switched Path (LSP) BEST segments.
The MPLS Label Information Base (LIB) contains all labels known by the LSR, whether the label is currently used for forwarding of not.

Explanation

Labeled Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) contains the Label Switched Path (LSP) BEST segments.
The MPLS Label Information Base (LIB) contains all labels known by the LSR, whether the label is currently used for forwarding of not.

51. Which statements best describe a Forwarding Equivalent Class (FEC)?

For MPLS unicast IP forwarding, the Label Distribution Protocol is a FEC.

For MPLS unicast IP forwarding, each IPv4 prefix is a FEC.

For MPLS L3 VPN, 10.3.3.3/24 in VRF-A is a different FEC from 10.3.3.3/24 in VRF-B

Submit

52. Which statements explain most of the details of the MPLS L3 VPN Data Plane?

The outer label transports the packet from ingress PE router to egress PE router.

VRFs allow PEs to store routes learned form various CEs, even if prefixes overlap.

The inner label serves to indicate to the egress PE router the VRF that the packet belongs to.

The RD allows PEs to advertise routes as unique prefixes, even if the IPv4 prefixes happen to overlap.

Control plane = carries control information (routing informaton)
Data plane = carries user informatioin (user data packets forwarding)

Explanation

Control plane = carries control information (routing informaton)
Data plane = carries user informatioin (user data packets forwarding)

Submit

53. In order to configured MPLS for Unicast IP with Label Distribution Protocol, which commands must be configured on a router already configured with EIGRP?

R1 (config)# ip cef

R1 (config)# no ip cef

R1 (config)# ip mpls

R1 (config)# mpls ip

R1 (config)# mpls label protocol ldp

R1 (config)# mpls protocol ldp

R1 (config)# mpls ldp

!On each MPLS-enabled interface R1 (config-if)# mpls ip

!On each MPLS-enabled interface R1 (config-if)# mpls ip distribution

!On each MPLS-enabled interface R1 (config-if)# mpls ip ldp

!On each MPLS-enabled interface R1 (config-if)# ip mpls distribution

Submit

54. A customer (BalMart) has 2 sites QUEBEC and TORONTO that he wants to connect over a MPLS VPN. What the Service Provider (PE) routers that connect to the customer router on each site must do to create a VPN between QUEBEC and TORONTO sites?

The provider edge (PE) routers peer with the customer edge (CE) routers using a routing protocol that supports VirtualForwarding/Routing (VRF).

The two provider edge (PE) routers must share the routing information found in Customer site’s VRF.

The two provider edge (PE) routers must filter the routing information found in Customer site’s VRF.

Ensure that BalMart’s routes are not imported into another customer’s VRF.

Reverse NAT must be implemented on each provider edge (PE) router connected to BalMart's routers

Submit

55. In a MPLS VPN, every VRF on PE router must be configured with an Route Distinguisher (RD), using the IOS "rd" VRF subcommand to configure the value. However, only 3 formats are supported. Which one is a valid command to configure the RD under a VRF to advertise BGP IPv4 prefixes with ASN 262 and BGP ID 4.3.2.1?

Rd 262:4321

Rd 262:262

Rd 321:262

Rd 4321:262

Rd 4.3.2.1:262

Rd 4321:21

Rd 262:4.3.2.1

Rd 4.3.2.1:777

The first value should be either an ASN or an IPv4

Explanation

The first value should be either an ASN or an IPv4

Submit

56. Which statements explain most of the details of the MPLS L3 VPN Conrol Plane?

The outer label transports the packet from ingress PE router to egress PE router.

VRFs allow PEs to store routes learned form various CEs, even if prefixes overlap.

The inner label serves to indicate to the egress PE router the VRF that the packet belongs to.

The RD allows PEs to advertise routes as unique prefixes, even if the IPv4 prefixes happen to overlap.

The outer label serves to indicate to the egress PE router the VRF that the packet belongs to.

The inner label transports the packet from ingress PE router to egress PE router.

VRFs allow PEs to form VPN-V4 between the ingress and the egress PE routers.

Control plane = carries control information (routing informaton)
Data plane = carries user informatioin (user data packets forwarding)

Explanation

Control plane = carries control information (routing informaton)
Data plane = carries user informatioin (user data packets forwarding)

Submit

57. Which statement are true about Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)?

LSR sends Hello messages to the multicast IP address 224.0.0.2 using port 646

LSR sends Hello messages to the multicast IP address 224.0.0.22 using port 711

The Hellos list each LSR's LDP ID (LID)

LDP neighbors form a TCP connection to each neighbor using port 646

The Hellos can optionnally list another IP address to be used instead of the LID for updates

Updates are sent over a TCP connection.

The TCP connection is initiated by the LSR with the highest LID

The TCP connection is initiated by the LSR with the lowest LID

Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP) uses TCP/UDP ports 711

Explanation

Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP) uses TCP/UDP ports 711

Submit

CISCO-CCIE-r&s-mpls

1. Match the terms with their definition.

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. In a MPLS VPN, PE advertised RT in BGP updates as BGP Extended Community Path Attributes (PA)?

3. The MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSP) are unidirectional.

4. VRF Lite, also known as Multi-VRF CE, provides multiple instance of IP routing tables in a single router.

5. In a MPLS header, which field is used for QoS marking?

6. In a MPLS L3 VPN, the inner label (S-bit = 1) serves to indicate to the egress PE router the VRF that the packet belongs to. The VRF will then uses its FIB to forward the packet the corresponding outgoing interface. The inner label is calles the "VPN Label".

7. In a MPLS VPN, for a particular IPv4 prefix the RT and RD can have the same value or a different value.

8. MPLS belongs to the family of packet-switched networks.

9. The "ip vrf forwarding" interface subcommand, associates an interface with a VRF. Executing this command on an interface removes the IP address. The IP address should be reconfigured.

10. Which feature allows a service provider to provide MPLS VPN to multiple customers connected to the same PE router?

11. The MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSP) process of advertising labels is based (triggered) on the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP).

12. MPLS includes 2 labeling mode: Frame and Cell modes. With Frame Mode MPLS, the label is inserted between the Layer 2 and Layer 3 header. With Cell Mode MPLS, the fields in the ATM header are used as the label.

14. The MPLS Label Information Base (LIB) contains all labels known by the LSR, whether the label is currently used for forwarding of not.

15. In a MPLS VPN, a prefix, of a particular VRF, can have only one RD, but multiple RT assigned to it.

17. The main purpose of VRF Lite, is to create internetwork that allow overlapping IP address spaces without requiring NAT.

18. Cisco IOS uses MPLS Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP) by default.

19. In a MPLS L3 VPN, how one can simplify this partial configuration: ip vrf CA rd 1:111 route-target import 1:100 route-target export 1:100 !

20. MPLS LSRs use both the CEF FIB and the MPLS LFIB when forwarding packets.

21. In a MPLS VPN, a prefix, of a particular VRF, can have only one RT, but multiple RD assigned to it.

22. What concept allows MP-BGP to advertise and distinguish between duplicate IPv4 prefixes?

23. Which statement best define a Forwarding Equivalent Class (FEC)?

24. By default, the TTL field in an IP header is not decremented when passing throughout a MPLS network.

25. Which command displays the contents of the label forwarding information base (LFIB)?

26. In a MPLS L3 VPN, the outer label (S-bit = 0) serves to indicate to the egress PE router the VRF that the packet belongs to. The VRF will then uses its FIB to forward the packet the corresponding outgoing interface. The outer label is calles the "VPN Label".

27. Which statement defines the MPLS VPN default feature Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)?

28. The MPLS Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and the Labeled Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) contains ONLY the best Label Switched Path (LSP).

29. What will happen after entering this command: Router(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding vpn1

30. Cisco IOS uses MPLS Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) by default.

31. MPLS includes 2 labeling mode: Frame and Cell modes. With Cell Mode MPLS, the label is inserted between the Layer 2 and Layer 3 header. With Frame Mode MPLS, the fields in the frame header are used as the label.

32. The "ip vrf forwarding" interface subcommand, associates an interface with a VRF. Executing this command on an interface add the IP address defined under the corresponding VRF.

33. Match the control protocols used to exchange FEC-to-Label Binding to their corresponding MPLS application.

34. Which command displays the contents of the label information base (LIB)?

36. What behavior can be changed with the no mpls ip propagate-ttl forwarded global configuration command?

37. The MPLS Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and the Labeled Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) contains ALL the Label Switched Path (LSP) segments.

41. Which command configures sessions that carry customer Virtual Private Network (VPN)-IPv4 prefixes with routing protocols such as Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?

42. Which Routing Protocol supports VRF?

43. VRF Lite, allows MPLS configuration on L3 switches with less CPU power.

44. What are the 3 main components of a VRF inside a router.

45. In a MPLS VPN, PE advertised RT in iBGP updates?

46. Which command displays the following information: Neighbors of LDP or Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP). The list of interfaces over which the LDP discovery process is running.

47. Match the LSR type with their corresponding definition.

48. What behavior can be changed with the no mpls ip propagate-ttl local global configuration command?

49. Instead of implementing VRF Lite, what are others tools an engineer can used?

50. The MPLS Label Information Base (LIB) contains all LSP known by the LSR, whether the label is currently used for forwarding of not.

51. Which statements best describe a Forwarding Equivalent Class (FEC)?

52. Which statements explain most of the details of the MPLS L3 VPN Data Plane?

53. In order to configured MPLS for Unicast IP with Label Distribution Protocol, which commands must be configured on a router already configured with EIGRP?

54. A customer (BalMart) has 2 sites QUEBEC and TORONTO that he wants to connect over a MPLS VPN. What the Service Provider (PE) routers that connect to the customer router on each site must do to create a VPN between QUEBEC and TORONTO sites?

56. Which statements explain most of the details of the MPLS L3 VPN Conrol Plane?

57. Which statement are true about Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)?