CISCO 3 Practice Final

In transparent mode, a switch can create VLANs independently without relying on VTP messages from other switches. It ignores VTP messages received from other switches and does not pass on its local VLAN information to other switches in the VTP domain. This allows the switch to operate autonomously in terms of VLAN management, making it suitable for environments where VLAN configurations need to be controlled locally and not propagated across the network.

Frame Relay is the correct answer for this question because it is a WAN technology that allows multiple branch offices to connect to a central office using a single port on the central office router. Frame Relay uses virtual circuits to establish connections between the central office and the branch offices, providing secure and simultaneous connectivity. This makes it an ideal choice for the organization's expansion plans, as it can support the required connectivity for all five new branches using just one port on the central office router.

If router RTA fails, hosts A and B will still be able to reach each other because they are connected to the same switch. However, they will not be able to reach hosts C and D or the server because these devices are connected to a different switch, which is dependent on router RTA for communication between the two switches.

Based on the given exhibit, it can be inferred that R1 has established OSPF adjacencies with only two routers. This can be determined by observing the number of lines connecting R1 to other routers in the exhibit. Since there are only two lines, it indicates that R1 has formed adjacencies with two routers. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

PAP authentication is a simple and insecure authentication method that sends the username and password pair across the link in clear text. This means that the credentials can be easily intercepted and read by anyone with access to the network. As a result, PAP authentication does not provide any encryption or protection for the transmitted data.

The solution that was implemented for the sales representative is a VPN (Virtual Private Network). A VPN allows for secure and encrypted communication over the internet, making it an ideal choice for transmitting sensitive information. It creates a private network connection between the sales representative's device and the corporate headquarters, ensuring that the data is protected from unauthorized access or interception.

To solve the problem of the internal network being unable to access the internet, the administrator should configure a default route on R2 and propagate it via RIPv2 to routers R1 and R3. By configuring a default route on R2, any traffic that is not destined for the internal network will be forwarded to R2. This default route will then be propagated to routers R1 and R3 via RIPv2, allowing them to forward the traffic to R2 for internet access.

The correct summary address is 192.168.0.0/22 because it includes all IP addresses from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.3.255. This is the most efficient summary address as it covers the largest range of IP addresses while minimizing the number of routes required.

RIPv1 and RIPv2 both advertise their routing updates out all active interfaces every 30 seconds. This means that they periodically send updates about their routing tables to neighboring routers. Additionally, both RIPv1 and RIPv2 have the same administrative distance value of 120. Administrative distance is a measure of the trustworthiness of a routing protocol, and a lower value indicates a higher priority. Therefore, RIPv1 and RIPv2 are considered equally reliable in terms of administrative distance.

The VTP domain name is different on both switches. VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) is used to propagate VLAN information across switches in a domain. In order for VLANs to be propagated from one switch to another, both switches must be in the same VTP domain, which means they must have the same domain name. Since the domain name is different on both switches, VTP is unable to propagate VLANs between them.

The enterprise edge component of the Cisco Enterprise Architecture is responsible for managing server farms. It acts as the boundary between the internal network and external networks, providing connectivity and security for the server farms. This component ensures that the server farms are accessible to users within the enterprise while also protecting them from external threats.

UDP is preferred for transmission of video traffic because it has low overhead. Unlike TCP, which requires a three-way handshake and retransmits lost packets, UDP does not have these mechanisms. This makes UDP faster and more efficient for transmitting real-time video data, as it does not waste time on establishing connections or retransmitting lost packets. Instead, UDP simply sends the video packets as quickly as possible, resulting in lower latency and smoother video playback.

The interface is rejecting the address because the technician is using a network address. A network address is the address that represents the entire network, so it cannot be assigned to an individual interface. Each interface on a router or a device should have a unique IP address within the network.

A PVC, or Permanent Virtual Circuit, is a type of connection in a network that provides a permanent logical connection to forward data between two points. Unlike a switched virtual circuit (SVC), which is dynamically established when a router requests a transmission, a PVC remains in place even when not in use. This allows for faster and more efficient data transmission as there is no need to establish a connection each time data needs to be sent. Additionally, a PVC does not prevent small messages from being held up behind larger messages, as it is a fixed connection.

The router ID in OSPF is used to uniquely identify each router in the OSPF domain. By default, the router ID is determined by selecting the highest IP address of any of the router's loopback interfaces. If a loopback interface is not configured, the highest IP address of any of the router's physical interfaces will be used. In this case, since there is no information given about loopback interfaces, we can assume that the highest IP address of any of R1's physical interfaces is 10.1.1.1, therefore it will be used as the router ID.

In the Class A addressing scheme, the first octet is reserved for the network address, leaving 7 bits for the host address. With a subnet mask of 255.255.254.0, the last octet is divided into 8 subnets, each with 2^7 (128) possible host addresses. However, the first and last addresses in each subnet are reserved for network and broadcast addresses respectively, so the number of usable host addresses per subnet is 128-2=126. Therefore, the correct answer is 126, which is closest to 512.

The correct answer is 1=R, 2=D, 3=O, 4=S. This is because the letters in the routing table entries are listed in the order of the corresponding numbers. So, the first letter in the routing table entry is "R", the second letter is "D", the third letter is "O", and the fourth letter is "S".

Implementing VLANs in an enterprise network provides segmentation of broadcast domains, which helps to reduce network congestion and improve overall network performance. It also allows for the logical grouping of devices despite their physical location, enabling more flexibility in network management and easier implementation of security policies.

The summary address 172.16.0.0/22 is the most specific because it has the smallest subnet mask (22 bits) compared to the other options. The smaller the subnet mask, the more specific the summary address is.

The access layer in a hierarchical internetworking model provides an entry point for hosts into the network. This layer is responsible for connecting end devices such as computers, printers, and IP phones to the network. It provides access to the network resources and services for these devices. The access layer also includes functions like port security, VLAN assignment, and authentication to ensure that only authorized devices can connect to the network.

The session from host B to hosts E and F will be blocked as a result of the displayed commands. This can be inferred from the access list that is applied on the outbound traffic of interface FastEthernet 0/0. The access list denies any traffic from host B to hosts E and F, as indicated by the "deny ip host B any" statement. Thus, the session from host B to hosts E and F will be blocked.

The purpose of assigning the IP address 192.168.30.1 to an access layer switch is to allow remote management of the switch. By assigning an IP address, administrators can connect to the switch remotely and manage its configuration, monitor its performance, and troubleshoot any issues without needing physical access to the device. This provides convenience and flexibility in managing the switch, especially in large network environments where physically accessing each switch may not be practical or efficient.

The correct answer is "Routes that are active are being recalculated by DUAL." In EIGRP, DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm) is responsible for calculating the best route to a destination. When a route is active, it means that DUAL is actively recalculating the route, considering any changes in the network. This allows for dynamic routing and ensures that the best path is always chosen. Passive routes, on the other hand, are not updated and do not participate in the recalculation process. They are simply stored in the topology table for reference.

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) has two characteristics mentioned in the answer. Firstly, it sends small hello packets to maintain knowledge of its neighbors. These hello packets are used to establish and maintain neighbor relationships, allowing routers to exchange routing information effectively. Secondly, EIGRP supports equal and unequal cost load balancing. This means that it can distribute traffic across multiple paths, even if the paths have different costs associated with them. This load balancing feature helps in optimizing network performance and utilizing available resources efficiently.

LMI stands for Local Management Interface, which is a protocol used in Frame Relay networks to exchange control information between the network devices and the service provider. LMI provides connection status information about PVCs (Permanent Virtual Circuits) in the network, allowing devices to monitor the availability and status of the connections. CIR (Committed Information Rate) is a bandwidth parameter, DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier) is a virtual circuit identifier, and FECN (Forward Explicit Congestion Notification) is a bit used to indicate network congestion.

Fa0/4 must be configured as a trunk. This is because PC3 and the FastEthernet0/0 interface of R1 are on different VLANs and require inter-VLAN communication. To enable communication between different VLANs, a trunk link is needed. A trunk link carries traffic for multiple VLANs and allows the VLAN tags to be preserved as the traffic is transmitted between switches. Therefore, configuring Fa0/4 as a trunk will allow PC1 to communicate with PC3.

The ACL 101 is applied outbound on the Fa0/1 interface of R1. Outbound ACLs are used to filter traffic that is leaving the interface. In this case, the ACL denies all traffic that exits the Fa0/1 interface. Therefore, all traffic that tries to leave through this interface will be denied.

RIPv2 is unable to support discontiguous networks because it does not include the subnet mask in its routing updates. This means that RIPv2 assumes that all networks within its domain are contiguous, or directly connected. Therefore, if there are discontiguous networks present, RIPv2 will not be able to accurately route traffic to those networks.

The given answer states that the switch will send VTP messages to other attached switches. This means that the switch will participate in VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) and will send updates about VLAN configurations to other switches in the network. This allows for VLAN information to be synchronized across multiple switches, ensuring consistency in VLAN configurations throughout the network.

The cause of the connectivity problem is the incorrect subnet mask on R2. The subnet mask determines the network portion and the host portion of an IP address. If the subnet mask is incorrect, it can result in the devices being on different networks, preventing them from communicating with each other. In this case, even though CDP is operational and Layer 2 connectivity is established, the incorrect subnet mask on R2 is causing the pings between the two interfaces to fail.

The reason the EIGRP network fails to converge is because autosummarization is enabled on both routers. Autosummarization is a feature in EIGRP that automatically summarizes routes at network boundaries, which can cause routing issues when multiple routers are involved. In this case, since both routers have autosummarization enabled, it is likely causing conflicting route summarization, leading to convergence failure.

The route that will be added to the routing table of R1 is "D 192.168.0.0/22 is a summary, Null0". This is indicated by the line "D 192.168.0.0/22 [90/203010] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:10, Serial0/0/0" in the given commands. The "D" indicates that it is a summary route, the "192.168.0.0/22" is the network address with a subnet mask of /22, and "Null0" represents the next hop interface.

The STP states of "learning" and "forwarding" allow a switch to learn MAC addresses. In the "learning" state, the switch listens to network traffic and adds the source MAC addresses of incoming frames to its MAC address table. In the "forwarding" state, the switch actively forwards network traffic based on the MAC address table entries it has learned. The other options, "blocking," "listening," and "disabled," do not allow the switch to learn MAC addresses.

The route that will be excluded from the updates sent to the neighbor routers is R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.100.1, 00:00:12, FastEthernet0/1. This is because the metric value of 1 is the lowest among all the routes listed. In a routing protocol like OSPF, the route with the lowest metric is considered the best route and is chosen to be included in the updates sent to the neighbor routers.

To resolve the issue of hosts in network A not being able to access the Internet, configuring the access list for the correct network is the appropriate solution. This will ensure that the necessary traffic is allowed through the network and can reach the Internet. By properly configuring the access list, the hosts in network A will be able to establish a connection and access the Internet successfully.

When DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm) places a route in the active state, it sends a query packet. The query packet is used to search for an alternate route in case the current route fails or becomes unavailable. By sending a query packet, the router asks its neighboring routers if they have a feasible successor for the route. This helps in maintaining a loop-free and efficient routing network.

ACLs, or Access Control Lists, provide IP filtering by allowing or denying specific types of traffic based on IP addresses, ports, or protocols. This helps in enhancing network security by controlling access to network resources. Additionally, ACLs identify traffic for multiple uses such as Quality of Service (QoS) and Network Address Translation (NAT), allowing for better network performance and efficient use of network resources.

The correct IP address that can be used at the Fa0/0 interface of R1 to enable host A to access the Internet is 192.168.1.63/27. This is because the /27 subnet mask allows for 30 usable host addresses, and the IP address 192.168.1.63 falls within the range of usable addresses. Additionally, this IP address is in the same network as host A (192.168.1.65/27), which means they can communicate with each other.

The given command "ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2 150" configures a new static route. This means that the network administrator is manually specifying the path for traffic destined to the 192.168.1.0/24 network. However, this route will only be used if the dynamic routing information for this route is lost. In other words, if the router is unable to find a suitable dynamic route for the 192.168.1.0/24 network, it will use the new static route instead. Therefore, the new route will be displayed in the routing table if the dynamic routing information for this route is lost.

The exhibited command specifies the administrative distance of the route to the 10.1.1.2 host, which is 1. The administrative distance is a value used by routers to determine the trustworthiness of a particular route. A lower administrative distance indicates a more preferred route. In this case, since the administrative distance is 1, it means that this route is the most preferred and will be chosen over other routes with higher administrative distances.

The network statement is missing, which means that the OSPF process is not advertising the 172.30.20.0/24 network. This results in the users on that network being unable to access the servers on the 192.168.0.0/23 network. Additionally, the network 172.30.20.0 has an incorrect wildcard mask, which further prevents proper routing and connectivity between the networks.

The two valid inside global addresses are 198.133.219.102 and 198.133.219.103. These addresses are valid because they are public IP addresses that can be used on the internet. The other addresses, 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.2, are private IP addresses that are reserved for use within a local network and cannot be routed on the internet.

The STP root port is the port on a switch that provides the shortest path to the root bridge. In this scenario, the root bridge is not specified, but it can be assumed that it is not any of the switches A, B, or C since they all have default bridge priority. The root ports will be the ports on switches A and B that are connected to the switch with the lowest bridge ID. Since the bandwidth of all links is the same, the tiebreaker for the root port selection will be the lowest port ID. Therefore, the root ports will be the Fa0/2 interface of switch A and the Fa0/2 interface of switch B.

The exhibit is not provided, so it is not possible to generate an explanation for the given correct answer.

The three correct host addresses in the 172.16.0.0/17 network are 172.16.0.255, 172.16.16.16, and 172.16.127.127. These addresses fall within the range of the network address 172.16.0.0 and the broadcast address 172.16.127.255, which are both valid in the /17 subnet. The addresses 172.16.128.1 and 172.17.1.1 are outside the range of the given network.

The router will install routes 2 and 6 in its routing table. This is because these routes have the lowest administrative distance. Administrative distance is a measure of the trustworthiness of a routing protocol, with lower values indicating higher trust. In this case, routes 2 and 6 have an administrative distance of 1, which is lower than the administrative distance of routes 1, 3, and 5. Therefore, routes 2 and 6 will be chosen to be installed in the routing table.

The correct answer is 0.0.0.127 and 0.0.0.0. The first wildcard mask 0.0.0.127 is required because it allows only the last bit of the host IP address to vary, meaning it matches the specific host IP address 172.16.1.2. The second wildcard mask 0.0.0.0 is required because it matches all possible values for the network portion of the destination IP address, effectively blocking traffic to any destination network.

The key being encrypted with the MD5 hashing algorithm is one of the consequences of issuing the displayed commands. However, without knowing the other command that was answered, it is not possible to provide an explanation for the second consequence.

The highlighted address refers to the routerID of the neighboring router. RouterIDs are unique identifiers assigned to each router in a network. They are used for various purposes, such as determining the best path for routing and establishing neighbor relationships between routers. In this case, the highlighted address is not related to the destination network, next hop address, or interface IP address. Instead, it specifically identifies the neighboring router.

The exhibited command "ip route 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.192 10.1.1.2" configures a static route on R1. This static route specifies that all packets with the source network address 192.168.1.128/26 should be forwarded through the interface with the IP address 10.1.1.2. Therefore, the correct answer is that it configures a static route for all packets with the source network address 192.168.1.128/26.