CISCO Exploration 1 V4.0 Final Exam

Explanation
The destination MAC address of the frame at the time of capture is 0060.7320.D632.

Explanation
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) is a protocol used in Ethernet networks. The three characteristics of CSMA/CD mentioned in the answer are:

1. It monitors the media for the presence of a data signal: Before transmitting data, devices using CSMA/CD check if the media is busy. If a data signal is present, they wait for it to become idle before transmitting.

2. After detecting a collision, hosts can resume transmission after a random timer has expired: If two devices transmit data simultaneously and a collision occurs, they stop transmitting and wait for a random amount of time before trying again. This helps to prevent repeated collisions.

3. A jam signal is used to ensure that all hosts are aware that a collision has occurred: When a collision is detected, the devices involved send a jam signal to inform all other devices on the network that a collision has occurred. This helps to ensure that all hosts are aware of the collision and can adjust their transmission accordingly.

Explanation
The IP address 192.168.1.254 belongs to the router interface fa0/0. This can be determined by looking at the routing table displayed for the PC, where the IP address is listed under the fa0/0 interface.

Explanation
The correct combination of a Layer 2 address and a Layer 3 address that will enable host A to access the Internet is Destination MAC: 0030.8517.44C4 Default gateway: 172.16.1.1. The Layer 2 address (MAC address) is used to identify the specific network interface card (NIC) of the destination device, while the Layer 3 address (IP address) is used to identify the destination network. In this case, the MAC address is correct for the destination device, and the default gateway IP address is correct for the destination network, allowing host A to access the Internet.

Explanation
When the clock rate 56000 command is used at the serial interface of the router, it configures the interface as a DCE (Data Communications Equipment) device. In a serial connection, there are two types of devices, DCE and DTE (Data Terminal Equipment). The DCE device provides clocking and synchronization signals to the DTE device. By setting the interface as a DCE device with the clock rate command, the router assumes the responsibility of providing clocking signals to the connected DTE device.

Explanation
Public IP addresses are globally unique and can be accessed over the internet. In the given options, 196.1.105.6, 132.11.9.99, and 46.1.1.97 are valid public IP addresses. These addresses can be used to identify devices on the internet and can be reached from anywhere in the world. On the other hand, 127.0.0.1 is a loopback address, which is used to test network connectivity on the local machine. 10.0.0.1 is a private IP address, typically used in local networks.

Explanation
The exhibited network shows a direct connection between two devices, without any other devices in between. This indicates a point-to-point topology, where each device is connected to exactly one other device.

Explanation
The running configuration file in a Cisco IOS device is a file that contains the current configuration settings of the device. When this file is modified, the changes take effect immediately and affect the operation of the device. It is not stored in NVRAM, as NVRAM is used to store the startup configuration file. The running configuration file is not automatically saved when the router reboots, and it should not be deleted using the erase running-config command as it would remove the current configuration settings.