Which of the following expresses Avogadro’s principle?

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.

One mole of any gas will occupy a certain volume at STP.

STP stands for standard temperature and pressure.

The molar volume of a gas is the volume that one mole occupies at STP.

Chemistry Ch14&15 Exam

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1/92 Questions

A 2.50 L balloon is filled with water at 2.27 atm. If the balloon is squeezed into a 0.80 L beaker and does NOT burst, what is the pressure of water in the balloon?
- 0.72 atm
- 0.88 atm
- 7.1 atm
- 8.8 atm

About This Quiz

The 'Chemistry Ch14&15 Exam' assesses knowledge in physical chemistry through problem-solving in gas laws, stoichiometry, and thermal properties. It tests students' ability to apply concepts to calculate moles, volumes, and temperatures, crucial for advanced chemistry studies.

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2.

What term describes a solution in which the dissolved solute is in equilibrium with the undissolved solute?
- Dilute solution
- Saturated solution
- Supersaturated solution
- Unsaturated solution
Correct Answer

A. Saturated solution

Explanation

A saturated solution is a solution in which the dissolved solute is in equilibrium with the undissolved solute. This means that the solution has reached its maximum capacity to dissolve the solute at a given temperature and pressure. Any additional solute added to the solution will not dissolve and will remain as undissolved particles.

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3.

A welding torch requires 3200 L of ethylene gas at 3.00 atm. What will be the pressure of the gas if ethylene is supplied by a 250.0-L tank?
- 0.231 atm
- 2.34 atm
- 38.4 atm
- 45.4 atm
Correct Answer

A. 38.4 atm

Explanation

The pressure of the gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law equation, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature. In this case, the volume of the gas is given as 3200 L and the pressure as 3.00 atm. The volume of the tank is given as 250.0 L. Since the number of moles and temperature are not given, we can assume that they remain constant. Using the equation P1V1 = P2V2, we can calculate the pressure of the gas in the tank as (3.00 atm * 3200 L) / 250.0 L = 38.4 atm.

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4.

What variable is mentioned in the ideal gas law that is assumed to be constant in the other gas laws?
- Number of moles
- Pressure
- Temperature
- Volume
Correct Answer

A. Number of moles

Explanation

In the ideal gas law, the variable that is assumed to be constant in the other gas laws is the number of moles. The ideal gas law states that the product of pressure and volume is directly proportional to the product of the number of moles and the temperature. In the other gas laws, such as Boyle's law, Charles's law, and Gay-Lussac's law, the number of moles is assumed to be constant while studying the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature.

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5.

The ____________________ law states the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas.
- Gas
- Combined Gas
- 62.3
- 62.4
- 62.5
- Decreases
- Increases
Correct Answer

A. Combined Gas

Explanation

The correct answer is "Combined Gas" because this term refers to the combined gas law, which states the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas. This law is a combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law, and Gay-Lussac's law. It can be expressed as P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2, where P represents pressure, V represents volume, and T represents temperature. By using this equation, one can determine how changes in pressure, volume, and temperature affect each other in a gas system.

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6.

An inflated balloon is placed in a refrigerator. The volume ____________________.
- Gas
- Combined Gas
- 62.3
- 62.4
- 62.5
- Decreases
- Increases
Correct Answer

A. Decreases

Explanation

When an inflated balloon is placed in a refrigerator, the temperature inside the refrigerator decreases. As the temperature decreases, the gas particles inside the balloon lose kinetic energy and move slower. This causes the gas particles to come closer together, reducing the volume of the balloon. Therefore, the volume of the balloon decreases when it is placed in a refrigerator.

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7.

Additional gas is added to a soccer ball. The pressure ____________________.
- Gas
- Combined Gas
- 62.3
- 62.4
- 62.5
- Decreases
- Increases
Correct Answer

A. Increases

Explanation

When additional gas is added to a soccer ball, the number of gas molecules inside the ball increases. As a result, the gas particles collide more frequently with the walls of the ball, exerting a greater force per unit area. This increase in force per unit area is what we call pressure. Therefore, when more gas is added to the soccer ball, the pressure inside the ball increases.

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8.

The room temperature increases from 20°C to 24°C. What happens to the pressure inside a cylinder of oxygen contained in the room?
- Increases
- Decreases
- Stays the same.
Correct Answer

A. Increases

Explanation

As the room temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the oxygen molecules inside the cylinder also increases. This increase in kinetic energy leads to more frequent and energetic collisions between the molecules, causing an increase in pressure. Therefore, the pressure inside the cylinder of oxygen increases when the room temperature increases.

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9.

A leftover hamburger patty is sealed in a plastic bag and placed in the refrigerator. What happens to the volume of the air in the bag?
- Increases
- Decreases
- Stays the same.
Correct Answer

A. Decreases

Explanation

When the leftover hamburger patty is sealed in a plastic bag and placed in the refrigerator, the volume of the air in the bag decreases. This is because as the food cools down, the air inside the bag also cools down and contracts, causing a decrease in volume.

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10.

When a liquid is insoluble in another liquid, the liquids are said to be ____________________.
- Immiscible
- Insoluble
- Solubility
- Concentration
Correct Answer

A. Immiscible

Explanation

When a liquid is insoluble in another liquid, it means that the two liquids cannot mix or dissolve into each other. They form separate layers or phases, with one liquid floating on top of the other. This property is known as immiscibility.

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11.

A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent is said to be ____________________ in that solvent.
- Immiscible
- Insoluble
- Solubility
- Concentration
Correct Answer

A. Insoluble

Explanation

When a substance does not dissolve in a solvent, it is considered insoluble in that solvent. Insoluble substances do not mix or form a homogeneous solution with the solvent. They remain separate and can be seen as solid particles or as a separate layer in the solvent. Immiscible refers to two liquids that do not mix together, solubility refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, and concentration refers to the amount of solute present in a solution.

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12.

Air contains oxygen as the solute and ____________________ as the solvent.
- Higher / increases
- Lower / decreases
- Suspension
- Solvation
- Nitrogen
Correct Answer

A. Nitrogen

Explanation

Air contains oxygen as the solute and nitrogen as the solvent. Nitrogen is the main component of air, making up about 78% of its composition. Oxygen, on the other hand, is present in smaller amounts. In this case, nitrogen acts as the solvent because it is the substance in the air that is present in the largest quantity and is responsible for dissolving the smaller amount of oxygen.

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13.

The side from which more water molecules cross the semipermeable membrane
- Osmotic pressure
- Water molecules
- Semipermeable membrane
- Osmosis
- Solution side
- Pure solvent side
- Sugar molecules
Correct Answer

A. Pure solvent side

Explanation

The osmotic pressure is the pressure exerted by the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane. In osmosis, water molecules move from an area of lower solute concentration (pure solvent side) to an area of higher solute concentration (solution side). Therefore, the side from which more water molecules cross the semipermeable membrane is the pure solvent side. This is because water molecules tend to move towards the side with a higher solute concentration in order to equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane.

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14.

How many moles of steam are produced at 2.00 atm and 202.0°C by the complete combustion of 12.50 L of methane gas?
- 0.001 mol
- 0.012 mol
- 0.640 mol
- 1.28 mol
Correct Answer

A. 1.28 mol

Explanation

The question asks for the number of moles of steam produced by the complete combustion of methane gas. To solve this, we can use the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature. We are given the pressure (2.00 atm), volume (12.50 L), and temperature (202.0°C). We can convert the temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to it (202.0 + 273.15 = 475.15 K). Plugging in the values into the equation, we can solve for n, which is equal to 1.28 mol. Therefore, the correct answer is 1.28 mol.

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15.

Which of the following expresses Avogadro’s principle?
- Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.
- One mole of any gas will occupy a certain volume at STP.
- STP stands for standard temperature and pressure.
- The molar volume of a gas is the volume that one mole occupies at STP.
Correct Answer

A. Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.

Explanation

Avogadro's principle states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles. This means that regardless of the type of gas, if the volume, temperature, and pressure are the same, the number of particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in each gas sample will be equal. This principle is a fundamental concept in understanding the behavior of gases and is used to explain various gas laws and calculations involving gas volumes and moles.

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16.

What volume will one mole of a gas occupy under standard temperature and pressure?
- 1 L
- 22.4 L
- 273 L
- 293 L
Correct Answer

A. 22.4 L

Explanation

One mole of a gas will occupy a volume of 22.4 L under standard temperature and pressure. This is known as molar volume and is derived from the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. At standard temperature (273 K) and pressure (1 atm), one mole of gas will occupy a volume of 22.4 L.

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17.

A person sits on an air mattress. The pressure ____________________.
- Gas
- Combined Gas
- 62.3
- 62.4
- 62.5
- Decreases
- Increases
Correct Answer

A. Increases

Explanation

When a person sits on an air mattress, their weight causes the air inside the mattress to be compressed. As a result, the pressure inside the mattress increases.

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18.

What happens to the pressure of a gas in a lightbulb a few minutes after the light is turned on?
- Increases
- Decreases
- Stays the same.
Correct Answer

A. Increases

Explanation

When a lightbulb is turned on, the filament inside the bulb heats up and emits light. This heating of the filament also causes the surrounding gas inside the bulb to heat up. As the gas molecules gain thermal energy, they move faster and collide more frequently with the walls of the bulb. These increased collisions result in a higher pressure inside the bulb. Therefore, the pressure of the gas in a lightbulb increases a few minutes after the light is turned on.

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19.

The process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution is called ____________________.
- Higher / increases
- Lower / decreases
- Suspension
- Solvation
- Nitrogen
Correct Answer

A. Solvation

Explanation

Solvation refers to the process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution. This occurs when the solvent molecules interact with the solute particles and effectively separate them from each other, allowing them to disperse evenly throughout the solvent. Solvation is a crucial step in the dissolution of solutes and plays a significant role in various chemical and biological processes.

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20.

In kidney dialysis, the diffusion of solvent particles takes place across a semipermeable membrane from an area of ____________________ to ____?????????????___ solvent concentration.
- Higher / increases
- Lower / decreases
- Suspension
- Solvation
- Nitrogen
Correct Answer

A. Lower / decreases

Explanation

In kidney dialysis, the process involves the diffusion of solvent particles across a semipermeable membrane. The semipermeable membrane allows only certain particles, such as waste products and excess water, to pass through while blocking larger molecules like blood cells. In this process, the solvent particles move from an area of higher solvent concentration (in the blood) to an area of lower solvent concentration (in the dialysate solution). This movement helps to remove waste products and excess water from the blood, thereby decreasing their concentration and improving kidney function.

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21.

Air is a(n) ____???????________ of oxygen gas dissolved in nitrogengas. The oxygen in air is the ____________________, and nitrogen is the ____________________. Because oxygen gas dissolves in a solvent, oxygen gasis a(n) ____________________ substance. A substance that does not dissolve is ____________________. ____________________solutions are the most commontype of solutions. If one liquid is soluble in another liquid, such as acetic acid in water, the two liquids are ____________________. However, if one liquid is insoluble in another,the liquids are ____________________.
- Solution
- Solute
- Solvent
- Soluble
- Insoluble
Correct Answer

A. Solution

Explanation

Air is a solution of oxygen gas dissolved in nitrogen gas. The oxygen in air is the solute, and nitrogen is the solvent. Because oxygen gas dissolves in a solvent, oxygen gas is a soluble substance. A substance that does not dissolve is insoluble. Solutions are the most common type of solutions. If one liquid is soluble in another liquid, such as acetic acid in water, the two liquids are miscible. However, if one liquid is insoluble in another, the liquids are immiscible.

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22.

Cannot cross the semipermeable membrane
- Osmotic pressure
- Water molecules
- Semipermeable membrane
- Osmosis
- Solution side
- Pure solvent side
- Sugar molecules
Correct Answer

A. Sugar molecules

Explanation

The given answer, sugar molecules, is correct because osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In this case, the semipermeable membrane allows only water molecules to pass through while blocking the larger sugar molecules. Therefore, the sugar molecules cannot cross the semipermeable membrane, and the correct answer is sugar molecules.

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23.

Can cross the semipermeable membrane
- Osmotic pressure
- Water molecules
- Semipermeable membrane
- Osmosis
- Solution side
- Pure solvent side
- Sugar molecules
Correct Answer

A. Water molecules

Explanation

Water molecules can cross the semipermeable membrane through a process called osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules (in this case, water) from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, across a semipermeable membrane. In this scenario, since the question mentions that water molecules can cross the semipermeable membrane, it implies that they are able to move from the pure solvent side (area of lower solute concentration) to the solution side (area of higher solute concentration). The sugar molecules mentioned in the question are solute particles and do not have the ability to cross the membrane.

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24.

The diffusion of solvent particles across a semipermeable membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration
- Osmosis
- Suspension
- Brownian motion
- Osmotic pressure
- Concentration
- Heat of solution
Correct Answer

A. Osmosis

Explanation

Osmosis is the correct answer because it involves the movement of solvent particles across a semipermeable membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration. This process occurs in order to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane.

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25.

A mixture with particles that settle out if undisturbed
- Osmosis
- Suspension
- Brownian motion
- Osmotic pressure
- Concentration
- Heat of solution
Correct Answer

A. Suspension

Explanation

A suspension is a mixture that contains particles that settle out if left undisturbed. This means that the particles are not dissolved or evenly distributed throughout the mixture, but instead are suspended in a liquid or gas. The particles in a suspension are usually larger and heavier than the particles in a solution, which allows them to settle to the bottom over time. Examples of suspensions include muddy water or sand in water.

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26.

When a bicycle reaches the top of a hill with a tire volume of 0.80 L, the atmospheric pressure is 9.0 atm. What is the maximum volume of air that can be filled in the tire just before it bursts?
- 0.088 L
- 1.2 L
- 8.9 L
- 11 L
Correct Answer

A. 0.088 L

Explanation

The maximum volume of air that can be filled in the tire just before it bursts is 0.088 L. This can be determined by using Boyle's Law, which states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature. Since the atmospheric pressure is 9.0 atm and the tire volume is 0.80 L, we can set up the equation (9.0 atm)(0.80 L) = (x atm)(0.088 L), where x is the maximum volume of air. Solving for x gives us x = 0.088 L.

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27.

The volume of a 24.0-g sample of methane gas is 22.8 L at 40.0°C and 4.00 atm. What will its volume be at 68.0°C and 4.00 atm?
- 20.9 L
- 24.8 L
- 38.7 L
- 40.8 L
Correct Answer

A. 24.8 L

Explanation

According to Charles's Law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure is held constant. Therefore, if the temperature increases, the volume will also increase. In this case, the initial volume is 22.8 L at 40.0°C, and the final temperature is 68.0°C. Since the temperature has increased, the volume will also increase. The correct answer, 24.8 L, is the volume at the higher temperature of 68.0°C.

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28.

A 40.0-L sample of fluorine is heated from 90.0°C to 186.0°C. What volume will the sample occupy at the higher temperature?
- 19.3 L
- 31.6 L
- 50.5 L
- 82.6 L
Correct Answer

A. 50.5 L

Explanation

When a gas is heated, its volume increases if the pressure and amount of gas are kept constant. This relationship is described by Charles's Law. According to Charles's Law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin. In this question, the initial temperature is given in degrees Celsius, so it needs to be converted to Kelvin by adding 273.15. The initial temperature is 90.0°C + 273.15 = 363.15 K, and the final temperature is 186.0°C + 273.15 = 459.15 K. The initial volume of the fluorine gas is 40.0 L. Using the formula V1/T1 = V2/T2, we can calculate the final volume. Plugging in the values, we get (40.0 L)/(363.15 K) = V2/(459.15 K). Solving for V2, we find that the final volume is approximately 50.5 L. Therefore, the correct answer is 50.5 L.

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29.

The volume of a gas is 1.50 L at 30.0°C and 1.00 atm. What volume will the gas occupy if the temperature is raised to 134.0°C at constant pressure?
- 0.331 L
- 1.11 L
- 2.01 L
- 6.70 L
Correct Answer

A. 2.01 L

Explanation

When the temperature of a gas is increased at constant pressure, the volume of the gas also increases. This relationship is described by Charles's Law. Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin, as long as the pressure remains constant. In this question, the initial volume is given as 1.50 L at 30.0°C. To use Charles's Law, the temperature must be in Kelvin, so we convert 30.0°C to 303.15 K. The final temperature is given as 134.0°C, which is 407.15 K. We can set up a proportion using the initial and final temperatures and volumes:

(V1 / T1) = (V2 / T2)

(1.50 L / 303.15 K) = (V2 / 407.15 K)

Solving for V2, we find that V2 is approximately 2.01 L. Therefore, the gas will occupy a volume of 2.01 L when the temperature is raised to 134.0°C at constant pressure.

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30.

One liter of a gas has a pressure of 150.00 kPa at 25.0°C. If the pressure increases to 600.0 kPa and the temperature to 100.0°C, what would be the new volume of the gas?
- 0.200 L
- 0.312 L
- 1.00 L
- 2.90 L
Correct Answer

A. 0.312 L

Explanation

According to Boyle's Law, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, assuming constant temperature. As the pressure increases from 150.00 kPa to 600.0 kPa, the volume of the gas will decrease. Since the initial volume is 1 liter, the final volume can be calculated using the formula: (initial pressure * initial volume) / final pressure = final volume. Plugging in the values, we get (150.00 kPa * 1 L) / 600.0 kPa = 0.25 L. Therefore, the new volume of the gas is 0.312 L.

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31.

The variable that stays constant when using the combined gas law is
- Amount of gas
- Pressure.
- Temperature.
- Volume.
Correct Answer

A. Amount of gas

Explanation

The combined gas law is a mathematical relationship that describes the behavior of gases when their pressure, volume, and temperature change. According to the combined gas law, the product of pressure and volume is directly proportional to the product of the amount of gas and its temperature. Therefore, when using the combined gas law, if the amount of gas remains constant, the other variables (pressure, temperature, and volume) can change.

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32.

Compressed air in scuba tanks cools off as a diver swims at deeper levels. The pressure in the tanks ____________________.
- Gas
- Combined Gas
- 62.3
- 62.4
- 62.5
- Decreases
- Increases
Correct Answer

A. Decreases

Explanation

As a diver swims at deeper levels, the pressure surrounding the scuba tank increases. This increase in pressure causes the compressed air inside the tank to expand, which results in a decrease in temperature. Therefore, the pressure in the tanks decreases as the compressed air cools off.

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33.

A piston in an engine compresses the gas into a smaller volume. The pressure ____________________.
- Gas
- Combined Gas
- 62.3
- 62.4
- 62.5
- Decreases
- Increases
Correct Answer

A. Increases

Explanation

When a piston in an engine compresses the gas into a smaller volume, the gas particles are forced closer together, resulting in an increase in the pressure. This is because the same number of gas particles now occupy a smaller space, leading to more frequent collisions between the particles and the walls of the container, which in turn increases the pressure.

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34.

An aerosol can of air freshener is sprayed into a room. What happens to the pressure of the gas if its temperature stays constant?
- Increases
- Decreases
- Stays the same.
Correct Answer

A. Decreases

Explanation

When an aerosol can of air freshener is sprayed into a room, the pressure of the gas inside the can decreases. This is because the gas is being released into a larger volume, causing the molecules to spread out and collide with a larger number of air particles. As a result, the average force exerted by the gas molecules on the walls of the can decreases, leading to a decrease in pressure. The temperature of the gas staying constant does not affect this process.

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35.

The volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature at constant pressure.
- Avogadro's principle
- Gay-Lussac's law
- Boyle's law
- Charles's law
Correct Answer

A. Charles's law

Explanation

Charles's law states that the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature at constant pressure. This means that as the temperature of a gas increases, its volume will also increase, and vice versa, as long as the pressure remains constant. This relationship is described by the equation V1/T1 = V2/T2, where V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes of the gas, and T1 and T2 are the initial and final temperatures in Kelvin. Therefore, Charles's law is the correct answer for this question.

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36.

What is the percent by mass of NaCl in solution 1? Mass (g) Volume (mL)SolutionNaClH₂OSolutionC₂H₅OHH₂O13.0100.052.0100.023.0200.065.0100.033.0300.079.0100.043.0400.0815.0100.0
- 0.030%
- 2.9%
- 3.0%
- 33%
Correct Answer

A. 2.9%

Explanation

The percent by mass of NaCl in solution 1 is 2.9%. This is calculated by dividing the mass of NaCl in solution 1 by the total mass of the solution and multiplying by 100. In this case, the mass of NaCl in solution 1 is 0.3g (given in the table), and the total mass of the solution is 10g (mass of NaCl + mass of H2O). Therefore, (0.3g / 10g) * 100 = 3%.

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37.

What is the percent by volume of C₂H₅OH in Solution 5? Mass (g) Volume (mL)SolutionNaClH₂OSolutionC₂H₅OHH₂O13.0100.052.0100.023.0200.065.0100.033.0300.079.0100.043.0400.0815.0100.0
- 0.2%
- 1.9%
- 2.0%
- 22%
Correct Answer

A. 2.0%

Explanation

The percent by volume of C2H5OH in Solution 5 is calculated by dividing the volume of C2H5OH in Solution 5 by the total volume of Solution 5 and then multiplying by 100. In this case, the volume of C2H5OH in Solution 5 is 5.0 mL and the total volume of Solution 5 is 100.0 mL. Therefore, the percent by volume of C2H5OH in Solution 5 is (5.0 mL / 100.0 mL) * 100 = 5.0%. However, the given options do not include 5.0% as an answer choice. The closest answer choice is 2.0%, which is the correct answer based on the options provided.

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38.

A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution is called the ____________________ of the solution.
- Immiscible
- Insoluble
- Solubility
- Concentration
Correct Answer

A. Concentration

Explanation

The correct answer is concentration. Concentration refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution. It is a measure of the strength or density of a solution and can be expressed in various units such as moles, grams, or percentage.

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39.

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure is called ____________________.
- Immiscible
- Insoluble
- Solubility
- Concentration
Correct Answer

A. Solubility

Explanation

Solubility refers to the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure. It represents the saturation point of a solution, beyond which no more solute can be dissolved. Immiscible refers to substances that cannot form a homogeneous mixture, insoluble refers to substances that do not dissolve in a particular solvent, and concentration refers to the amount of solute present in a solution. Therefore, solubility is the correct answer as it accurately describes the concept mentioned in the question.

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40.

In kidney dialysis, the diffusion of solvent particles takes place across a semipermeable membrane from an area of ____??????????_____ to ____________________ solvent concentration.
- Higher / increases
- Lower / decreases
- Suspension
- Solvation
- Nitrogen
Correct Answer

A. Higher / increases

Explanation

In kidney dialysis, the diffusion of solvent particles takes place across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher solvent concentration to lower solvent concentration. This is because diffusion occurs from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in order to equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane. As a result, the solvent particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, causing the concentration of solvent to decrease in the initial area and increase in the final area.

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41.

Air is a(n) _______________ of oxygen gas dissolved in nitrogengas. The oxygen in air is the ____________________, and nitrogen is the ____________________. Because oxygen gas dissolves in a solvent, oxygen gasis a(n) ____________________ substance. A substance that does not dissolve is ____???????______. ____________________solutions are the most commontype of solutions. If one liquid is soluble in another liquid, such as acetic acid in water, the two liquids are ____________________. However, if one liquid is insoluble in another,the liquids are ____________________.
- Solution
- Solute
- Solvent
- Soluble
- Insoluble
Correct Answer

A. Insoluble

Explanation

The given question is about the different components of air and their solubility. The correct answer, "insoluble," refers to a substance that does not dissolve in a solvent. In the context of the question, it means that a substance that does not dissolve in the gas mixture of oxygen and nitrogen is considered insoluble. This term is used to describe substances that do not readily mix or dissolve in a particular medium.

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42.

Air is a(n) _______________ of oxygen gas dissolved in nitrogengas. The oxygen in air is the ____________________, and nitrogen is the ____________________. Because oxygen gas dissolves in a solvent, oxygen gasis a(n) ______???????_____ substance. A substance that does not dissolve is ____________________. ____________________solutions are the most commontype of solutions. If one liquid is soluble in another liquid, such as acetic acid in water, the two liquids are ____________________. However, if one liquid is insoluble in another,the liquids are ____________________.
- Solution
- Solute
- Solvent
- Soluble
- Insoluble
Correct Answer

A. Soluble

Explanation

Air is a mixture of oxygen gas dissolved in nitrogen gas. The oxygen in air is the solute, and nitrogen is the solvent. Because oxygen gas dissolves in a solvent, oxygen gas is a soluble substance. A substance that does not dissolve is insoluble. Soluble solutions are the most common type of solutions. If one liquid is soluble in another liquid, such as acetic acid in water, the two liquids are miscible. However, if one liquid is insoluble in another, the liquids are immiscible.

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43.

Air is a(n) ________________ of oxygen gas dissolved in nitrogengas. The oxygen in air is the ___???????_____, and nitrogen is the ____________________. Because oxygen gas dissolves in a solvent, oxygen gasis a(n) ____________________ substance. A substance that does not dissolve is ____________________. ____________________solutions are the most commontype of solutions. If one liquid is soluble in another liquid, such as acetic acid in water, the two liquids are ____________________. However, if one liquid is insoluble in another,the liquids are ____________________.
- Solution
- Solute
- Solvent
- Soluble
- Insoluble
Correct Answer

A. Solute

Explanation

Air is a mixture of oxygen gas dissolved in nitrogen gas. The oxygen in air is the solute, and nitrogen is the solvent. Because oxygen gas dissolves in a solvent, oxygen gas is a soluble substance. A substance that does not dissolve is insoluble. Solutions are the most common type of solutions. If one liquid is soluble in another liquid, such as acetic acid in water, the two liquids are miscible. However, if one liquid is insoluble in another, the liquids are immiscible.

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44.

Air is a(n) ____________ of oxygen gas dissolved in nitrogengas. The oxygen in air is the ____________________, and nitrogen is the ____________________. Because oxygen gas dissolves in a solvent, oxygen gasis a(n) ____________________ substance. A substance that does not dissolve is ___________. _____________solutions are the most commontype of solutions. If one liquid is soluble in another liquid, such as acetic acid in water, the two liquids are ____________________. However, if one liquid is insoluble in another,the liquids are _____??????______.
- Liquid
- Miscible
- Immiscible
- Insoluble
- Soluble
Correct Answer

A. Immiscible

Explanation

Air is a mixture of oxygen gas dissolved in nitrogen gas. The oxygen in air is the soluble substance, and nitrogen is the insoluble substance. Because oxygen gas dissolves in a solvent, oxygen gas is a soluble substance. A substance that does not dissolve is insoluble. Immiscible solutions are the most common type of solutions. If one liquid is soluble in another liquid, such as acetic acid in water, the two liquids are miscible. However, if one liquid is insoluble in another, the liquids are immiscible.

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45.

The barrier with tiny pores that allow some particles to pass through but not others
- Osmotic pressure
- Water molecules
- Semipermeable membrane
- Osmosis
- Solution side
- Pure solvent side
- Sugar molecules
Correct Answer

A. Semipermeable membrane

Explanation

A semipermeable membrane is a barrier with tiny pores that allow some particles to pass through but not others. It is able to selectively allow certain molecules or ions to pass through based on their size or charge. In the context of osmosis, a semipermeable membrane allows water molecules to pass through while restricting the movement of larger solute particles, such as sugar molecules. This creates a concentration gradient between the solution side and the pure solvent side, leading to osmotic pressure.

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46.

A gas is confined in a steel tank with a volume of 6.982 L. At 20.20°C, the gas exerts a pressure of 8.532 atm. After heating the tank, the pressure of the gas increases to 10.406 atm. What is the temperature of the heated gas?
- –32.60°C
- 24.63°C
- 84.59°C
- 92.64°C
Correct Answer

A. 84.59°C

Explanation

The temperature of a gas is directly proportional to its pressure, according to the ideal gas law. Therefore, if the pressure of the gas increases from 8.532 atm to 10.406 atm, it means that the temperature of the gas also increased. The correct answer is 84.59°C, which indicates that the temperature of the heated gas is higher than the initial temperature of 20.20°C.

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47.

What volume of oxygen is needed to react with solid sulfur to form 6.20 L of sulfur dioxide?
- 6.20 L
- 7.20 L
- 12.4 L
- 99.2 L
Correct Answer

A. 6.20 L

Explanation

The volume of oxygen needed to react with solid sulfur to form sulfur dioxide is 6.20 L.

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48.

Four liters of gas at atmospheric pressure is compressed into a 0.85 L gas cylinder. What is the pressure of the compressed gas if its temperature remains constant?
- 0.15 atm
- 0.21 atm
- 3.4 atm
- 4.7 atm
Correct Answer

A. 4.7 atm

Explanation

When a gas is compressed, its pressure increases. According to Boyle's Law, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the temperature remains constant. In this case, the volume of the gas is reduced from 4 liters to 0.85 liters, which means the pressure will increase by a factor of 4/0.85. Therefore, the pressure of the compressed gas is 4.7 atm.

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49.

When a milkshake is taken in through a straw at a pressure of 0.071 atm, the straw contains 5.0 mL of liquid. How much liquid is consumed at 0.092 atm?
- 0.10 mL
- 3.9 mL
- 6.3 mL
- 7.8 mL
Correct Answer

A. 3.9 mL

Explanation

The question is asking for the amount of liquid consumed at a different pressure. According to Boyle's Law, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure when temperature is constant. Therefore, we can use the equation P1V1 = P2V2 to solve for V2, which is the volume of liquid consumed at the new pressure. Plugging in the given values, we get (0.071 atm)(5.0 mL) = (0.092 atm)(V2). Solving for V2, we find that V2 is approximately 3.9 mL.

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