Chapters 5, 6, 7 Test

The correct answer is sharing side walls with other buildings. A row house is a type of housing that is connected to other houses on both sides, sharing the same side walls. This design allows for more efficient use of space, as multiple houses can be built in a row without wasting extra space for individual walls. It also provides better insulation and soundproofing between the houses, as they share a common wall.

In the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, 146 female workers died in a fire.

New methods of making steel made it possible to construct skyscrapers in the 1800s. These advancements in steel production allowed for the creation of stronger and more durable materials, which were essential for building tall structures. The use of steel provided the necessary structural support and stability, enabling architects and engineers to design and construct skyscrapers that could withstand the forces exerted on them.

Electricity allowed manufacturers to build their factories away from rivers because it provided a reliable source of power that was not dependent on water. With electricity, manufacturers could set up their factories in locations that were more convenient for transportation and other logistical considerations, rather than being limited to areas near rivers for water power. This increased flexibility and allowed for more efficient and modern factory locations.

As white settlers began to desire the land on the Plains, the policy of treating it as a huge reservation had to change. The increasing demand for land from the settlers meant that the government could no longer afford to reserve such a vast area solely for Native Americans. This change in policy reflects the shift in priorities and power dynamics as the settlers' interests took precedence over the rights and needs of the Native American population.

The exodusters were former slaves from the South who settled on the Great Plains. After the Civil War, many African Americans sought new opportunities and a chance for freedom by migrating westward. They faced discrimination and limited opportunities in the South, so they formed organized groups and traveled to Kansas and other areas on the Great Plains. They hoped to establish their own communities and build better lives for themselves and their families. This migration became known as the exoduster movement, and it played a significant role in the settlement of the Great Plains by African Americans.

The Chinese Exclusion Act was a law passed in 1882 that aimed to limit Chinese immigration to the United States. The act was primarily driven by nativist sentiments and the fear that Chinese immigrants were taking away jobs from American workers. It imposed severe restrictions on Chinese immigration, including a ban on Chinese laborers entering the country for 10 years. The goal of the act was to decrease the number of Chinese immigrants coming to the United States and to preserve job opportunities for American citizens.

Graft refers to the illegal use of political influence for personal gain. It involves corrupt practices such as bribery, embezzlement, and fraud, where individuals in positions of power exploit their authority for financial or material benefits. This term is commonly used to describe the misuse of political power for personal enrichment, often at the expense of the public or the common good.

During the late 1800s, striking workers viewed scabs as unpopular because they were workers who were hired to replace the striking workers and continue working during the strike. This undermined the effectiveness and impact of the strike, as scabs allowed the company to continue operating and reduced the bargaining power of the striking workers. Strikers saw scabs as betraying the solidarity of the labor movement and viewed them as tools of management used to break the strike and weaken their position.

The Triangle Shirtwaist fire investigation led to changes in local labor laws for women and children. This tragic event highlighted the unsafe working conditions and lack of regulations in the garment industry. As a result, new laws were implemented to protect the rights and safety of female and child workers, such as limiting working hours, improving workplace conditions, and ensuring fair wages. The imprisonment of company officials, the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act, and the adoption of equal wages for men and women are unrelated to the Triangle Shirtwaist fire investigation.

Patronage refers to the act of granting favors or positions of power to friends, family members, or supporters, often based on personal relationships rather than merit. Appointing a friend to a political position aligns with this definition as it involves giving someone a job or role in the government based on their personal connection rather than their qualifications or abilities. Bribing a government official, assassinating a public official, and saying one thing and doing another are not examples of patronage.

The Americanization movement aimed to assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant culture. This means that the goal was to encourage immigrants to adopt American customs, values, and language in order to become fully integrated into American society. By assimilating immigrants, the movement hoped to create a more unified and homogenous American culture. This goal was often achieved through education programs, social activities, and other initiatives that promoted American ideals and norms.

The election of William McKinley marked the collapse of Populism because McKinley, a Republican, won the election over William Jennings Bryan, the Populist candidate. McKinley's victory signaled a shift in political power away from the Populist movement, which advocated for the rights of farmers and workers against big business and the wealthy elite. With McKinley's win, the Populist movement lost momentum and influence, leading to its eventual decline.

Electricity allowed manufacturers to build their factories away from rivers because it provided a new source of power that was not reliant on water. Prior to the widespread use of electricity, factories needed to be located near rivers in order to utilize water power. However, with the advent of electricity, factories could be built anywhere as long as they had access to an electrical grid. This allowed manufacturers to have more flexibility in choosing the location of their factories, leading to increased industrialization and economic growth.

Social Darwinism discouraged government regulation because it promoted the idea that individuals and businesses should be left to compete freely in the market without interference from the government. It believed that competition and survival of the fittest would lead to progress and improvement in society. Government regulation was seen as inhibiting this natural process and interfering with the individual's ability to succeed or fail based on their own merits.

The Industrial Workers of the World was organized by radical unionists and socialists. These individuals believed in advocating for the rights and interests of the working class through collective action and solidarity. By organizing workers from various industries, they aimed to challenge the capitalist system and create a more equitable society. The IWW welcomed workers from all backgrounds and sought to unite them in their struggle against exploitation and oppression.

Barbed wire was most responsible for bringing an end to the era of the wide-open western frontier because it effectively enclosed and divided the land, preventing free movement and open grazing. The invention and widespread use of barbed wire in the late 19th century made it easier for ranchers and farmers to establish boundaries and protect their property, leading to the end of the open range and the expansion of settled agricultural practices.

The correct answer is Angel Island. Angel Island was the main immigration processing station in San Francisco. It served as the entry point for immigrants coming from Asia, particularly China, during the early 20th century. Many immigrants were detained and interrogated at Angel Island, facing long processing times and harsh conditions. It played a significant role in the history of Asian immigration to the United States and is often referred to as the "Ellis Island of the West."

Christopher Sholes is credited with inventing the typewriter. He developed the first practical typewriter and obtained a patent for it in 1868. Sholes' typewriter had a QWERTY keyboard layout, which is still used in modern keyboards. This invention revolutionized communication and greatly increased efficiency in writing and typing. Thomas Alva Edison is known for his numerous inventions, but he did not invent the typewriter. Edwin L. Drake is credited with drilling the first successful oil well, but he did not invent the typewriter either. Therefore, the correct answer is Christopher Sholes.

Tammany Hall was not a settlement house, customs house, or federal courthouse. It was a well-known political machine in New York City. Political machines were organizations that controlled the political activities and decisions in a city or region. Tammany Hall, led by the Democratic Party, exercised significant influence over the city's politics and government. It was known for its corrupt practices and patronage system, providing favors and jobs in exchange for political support.

The Stalwarts were a political faction within the Republican Party in the late 19th century. They were known for their support of the spoils system, which involved rewarding political supporters with government positions and benefits. This system allowed for the appointment of party loyalists to key positions, creating a network of patronage and ensuring political control. The Stalwarts believed in maintaining this system as a way to consolidate their power and maintain party loyalty. Therefore, the correct answer is the spoils system.

The goal of the Interstate Commerce Act was to lower excessive railroad rates. This act was enacted in response to public outcry against unfair practices and high rates charged by railroads. It aimed to regulate and oversee the railroad industry, ensuring that rates were reasonable and non-discriminatory. By lowering excessive rates, the act aimed to protect consumers and promote fair competition within the industry.

The Pendleton Civil Service Act, passed in 1883, aimed to reform the spoils system and ensure that government jobs were awarded based on merit rather than political patronage. One of the key provisions of the act was the requirement for applicants to pass examinations in order to qualify for government jobs. This was done to ensure that individuals were selected based on their knowledge, skills, and abilities, rather than their political connections. By implementing this requirement, the act aimed to professionalize the civil service and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the government.

Industrial consolidation and trusts reduced competition during the late 1800s. As large corporations merged and formed trusts, they gained control over entire industries, eliminating smaller competitors. This led to a decrease in competition, as these monopolistic practices allowed the dominant companies to dictate prices and control the market. By reducing competition, industrial consolidation and trusts were able to exert more control and influence over the economy.

Settlement houses were founded in the late 1800s by social reformers. These individuals were driven by a desire to address the social and economic challenges faced by new immigrants and industrial workers. Settlement houses provided a range of services such as education, healthcare, and social support to help improve the lives of these marginalized groups. By establishing these houses, social reformers aimed to create a sense of community and empower individuals to overcome the hardships they faced in their new environment.

Plains farmers in the late 1800s tended to support bimetallism because it would put more money in circulation. This means that there would be more money available for farmers to borrow and invest in their farms, which would help stimulate economic growth in the region. Additionally, more money in circulation would increase the demand for agricultural products, leading to higher prices for farmers' crops. Overall, supporting bimetallism would benefit Plains farmers by improving their access to capital and increasing their profitability.

Inflation is the correct answer because it refers to the general increase in prices of goods and services over time. While inflation can contribute to the intensification of debts, it is not the cause of the debts itself. Falling prices, a tight money supply, and a shrinking supply of farm land are all factors that can directly impact the financial situation of Plains farmers and lead to increased debts.

Pullman, Illinois, was an unusual town because it had one main industry. This suggests that the town's economy and livelihood were heavily dependent on this particular industry. Having only one main industry is uncommon for most towns, as they usually have a diverse range of industries to support their economy. This uniqueness may have made Pullman stand out among other towns and contributed to its distinct character and history.

Most of the free land offered by the Homestead Act ended up being claimed by people seeking profits because they saw an opportunity to acquire land for free and then sell it at a higher price. These individuals were not interested in settling on the land and farming it themselves, but rather saw it as a way to make a quick profit. As a result, fewer settlers were able to claim the land for agricultural purposes, leading to a lower overall rate of land claims by settlers.

The Treaty of Fort Laramie marked the end of the wars between the federal government and the Plains Indians. This treaty, signed in 1868, established peace between the United States government and various Plains Indian tribes, including the Sioux. It defined specific territories for the tribes and recognized their sovereignty and right to self-governance. The treaty aimed to bring stability and prevent further conflicts between the federal government and the Plains Indians.