Chapters 17-20 Review Quiz 2

1.

The needs of the Industrial Revolution in 19th-century Europe greatly contributed to the
- A.
  
  Growth of overseas empiresa
- B.
  
  Beginning of the triangular trade
- C.
  
  Development of international peacekeeping organizations
- D.
  
  Promotion of political and economic equality in Asia and Africa
Correct Answer
A. Growth of overseas empiresa

Explanation
The correct answer is the growth of overseas empires. During the Industrial Revolution in 19th-century Europe, there was a high demand for raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods. European powers expanded their empires to secure these resources and markets, leading to the growth of overseas empires. This expansion allowed them to extract resources from colonies and establish trade networks, which were essential for the industrialization and economic development of Europe.

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2.

Which statement is supported by the ideas of Karl Marx?
- A.
  
  Private ownership of businesses helps workers.
- B.
  
  Industrialization benefits the wealthy and exploits the poor.
- C.
  
  Countries should benefit from the wealth of their colonies.
- D.
  
  Industrial capitalism allows workers and employers to work together for a common purpose.
Correct Answer
B. Industrialization benefits the wealthy and exploits the poor.

Explanation
Karl Marx's ideas are centered around the concept of class struggle and the exploitation of the working class by the capitalist class. He believed that industrialization and the rise of capitalism led to the concentration of wealth in the hands of the wealthy elite, while the working class was exploited and faced worsening conditions. Therefore, the statement "Industrialization benefits the wealthy and exploits the poor" aligns with Marx's ideas.

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3.

One of the main purposes of the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) was to
- A.
  
  Promote the unification of Italy
- B.
  
  Preserve the German territories gained by Otto von Bismarck
- C.
  
  Restore the power of the Holy Roman Empire
- D.
  
  Establish a balance of power in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon
Correct Answer
D. Establish a balance of power in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon

Explanation
The correct answer is to establish a balance of power in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon. The Congress of Vienna was a diplomatic conference held to reorganize Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. Its main goal was to prevent any one country from becoming too powerful and to maintain stability and peace in the region. The Congress aimed to redraw the map of Europe and establish a system of alliances and agreements that would prevent future conflicts. By doing so, they hoped to create a balance of power among the major European nations.

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4.

The writings of the 18th-century French philosophers Diderot, Rousseau, and Voltaire influenced the
- A.
  
  Policies of the enlightened despots
- B.
  
  Start of the Neolithic Revolution
- C.
  
  Success of the German unification movement
- D.
  
  Spread of imperialism to Africa and Asia
Correct Answer
A. Policies of the enlightened despots

Explanation
The writings of 18th-century French philosophers Diderot, Rousseau, and Voltaire influenced the policies of the enlightened despots. These philosophers advocated for ideas such as the separation of powers, religious tolerance, and social equality. The enlightened despots, such as Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia, were absolute monarchs who embraced these ideas and implemented reforms based on them. They sought to modernize their countries and improve the lives of their subjects by introducing legal and educational reforms, promoting religious tolerance, and supporting the arts and sciences. The influence of these philosophers played a significant role in shaping the policies of these enlightened despots.

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5.

A long-term result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe was
- A.
  
  An increase in the number of small farms
- B.
  
  A decline in international trade
- C.
  
  A general rise in the standard of living
- D.
  
  A strengthening of the economic power of the nobility
Correct Answer
C. A general rise in the standard of living

Explanation
The Industrial Revolution in Europe brought about significant advancements in technology, production, and transportation, leading to increased productivity and economic growth. This resulted in a general rise in the standard of living for many people. With the introduction of new machinery and manufacturing processes, goods became more affordable and accessible to a larger portion of the population. Additionally, the Industrial Revolution created new job opportunities and improved wages for workers, contributing to an overall improvement in living conditions and quality of life.

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6.

One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both
- A.
  
  Had the support of the Roman Catholic Church
- B.
  
  Placed great value on traditional beliefs
- C.
  
  Emphasized the value of human reasoning
- D.
  
  Contributed to the end of feudalism
Correct Answer
C. Emphasized the value of human reasoning

Explanation
The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment both emphasized the value of human reasoning. During the Scientific Revolution, scholars began to rely on observation, experimentation, and logical reasoning to understand the natural world, challenging traditional beliefs and superstitions. This emphasis on human reasoning continued and expanded during the Enlightenment, as philosophers and thinkers advocated for the use of reason and logic to understand and improve society. Both movements rejected blind faith and placed importance on the ability of individuals to think critically and independently.

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7.

The writings of John Locke provides support for
- A.
  
  Elimination of laissez-faire capitalismg
- B.
  
  Formation of government based on a social contract
- C.
  
  Continuation of absolute monarchy
- D.
  
  Rejection of the natural rights philosophy
Correct Answer
B. Formation of government based on a social contract

Explanation
John Locke's writings advocate for the formation of government based on a social contract. He believed that individuals enter into a social contract to establish a government that would protect their natural rights, such as life, liberty, and property. According to Locke, the purpose of government is to serve the people and secure their rights. Therefore, his ideas support the notion of forming a government based on a social contract rather than endorsing laissez-faire capitalism, absolute monarchy, or rejecting the natural rights philosophy.

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8.

Which 19th century ideology led to the unification of Germany and of Italy and to the eventual breakup of Austria-Hungary and of the Ottoman Empire?
- A.
  
  Imperialism
- B.
  
  Nationalism
- C.
  
  Liberalismm
- D.
  
  Socialismsm
Correct Answer
B. Nationalism

Explanation
Nationalism in the 19th century played a significant role in the unification of Germany and Italy, as well as the eventual breakup of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. Nationalism is the belief in the importance of one's own nation and the desire for self-determination and independence. In Germany and Italy, nationalist movements emerged and fought for the unification of fragmented states into unified nations. These movements were successful, leading to the creation of the German Empire and the Kingdom of Italy. On the other hand, nationalism also contributed to the breakup of multi-ethnic empires like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, as various ethnic groups sought to establish their own independent states based on their national identity.

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9.

Which factors helped cause the defeat of Napoleon during his invasion of Russia?
- A.
  
  The severe winters and large size of Russia
- B.
  
  The many rivers and mountains of Russia
- C.
  
  The coalition between the Russian czar and the democratic leaders
- D.
  
  The well-trained and well-supplied Russian army
Correct Answer
A. The severe winters and large size of Russia

Explanation
The severe winters and large size of Russia were factors that helped cause the defeat of Napoleon during his invasion. The harsh winter conditions and the vast expanse of the Russian territory made it difficult for Napoleon's troops to sustain themselves and advance effectively. The extreme cold weather and lack of resources weakened the French army, leading to their ultimate defeat. Additionally, the large size of Russia made it challenging for Napoleon to control and maintain communication and supply lines, further contributing to his downfall.

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10.

One reason Italy and Germany were not major colonial powers in the 16th and 17th centuries was that they
- A.
  
  Had self-sufficient economies
- B.
  
  Lacked political unity
- C.
  
  Rejected the practice of imperialism
- D.
  
  Belonged to opposing alliances
Correct Answer
B. Lacked political unity

Explanation
Italy and Germany were not major colonial powers in the 16th and 17th centuries because they lacked political unity. This means that these countries were divided into various independent states, which made it difficult for them to form a cohesive colonial empire. Without a centralized government and unified decision-making, Italy and Germany were unable to effectively compete with other European powers in establishing and maintaining colonies overseas. This lack of political unity hindered their ability to project power and expand their influence beyond their own territories.

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Chapters 17-20 Review Quiz 2

The needs of the Industrial Revolution in 19th-century Europe greatly contributed to the

Which statement is supported by the ideas of Karl Marx?

One of the main purposes of the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) was to

The writings of the 18th-century French philosophers Diderot, Rousseau, and Voltaire influenced the

A long-term result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe was

One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both

The writings of John Locke provides support for

Which 19th century ideology led to the unification of Germany and of Italy and to the eventual breakup of Austria-Hungary and of the Ottoman Empire?

Which factors helped cause the defeat of Napoleon during his invasion of Russia?

One reason Italy and Germany were not major colonial powers in the 16th and 17th centuries was that they