Chapters 17-20 Review Quiz 2

2.

One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both

Had the support of the Roman Catholic Church
Placed great value on traditional beliefs
Emphasized the value of human reasoning
Contributed to the end of feudalism

Correct Answer

A. Emphasized the value of human reasoning

Explanation

The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment both emphasized the value of human reasoning. During the Scientific Revolution, scholars began to rely on observation, experimentation, and logical reasoning to understand the natural world, challenging traditional beliefs and superstitions. This emphasis on human reasoning continued and expanded during the Enlightenment, as philosophers and thinkers advocated for the use of reason and logic to understand and improve society. Both movements rejected blind faith and placed importance on the ability of individuals to think critically and independently.

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3.

The needs of the Industrial Revolution in 19th-century Europe greatly contributed to the

Growth of overseas empiresa
Beginning of the triangular trade
Development of international peacekeeping organizations
Promotion of political and economic equality in Asia and Africa

Correct Answer

A. Growth of overseas empiresa

Explanation

The correct answer is the growth of overseas empires. During the Industrial Revolution in 19th-century Europe, there was a high demand for raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods. European powers expanded their empires to secure these resources and markets, leading to the growth of overseas empires. This expansion allowed them to extract resources from colonies and establish trade networks, which were essential for the industrialization and economic development of Europe.

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4.

One of the main purposes of the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) was to

Promote the unification of Italy
Preserve the German territories gained by Otto von Bismarck
Restore the power of the Holy Roman Empire
Establish a balance of power in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon

Correct Answer

A. Establish a balance of power in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon

Explanation

The correct answer is to establish a balance of power in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon. The Congress of Vienna was a diplomatic conference held to reorganize Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. Its main goal was to prevent any one country from becoming too powerful and to maintain stability and peace in the region. The Congress aimed to redraw the map of Europe and establish a system of alliances and agreements that would prevent future conflicts. By doing so, they hoped to create a balance of power among the major European nations.

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5.

The writings of the 18th-century French philosophers Diderot, Rousseau, and Voltaire influenced the

Policies of the enlightened despots
Start of the Neolithic Revolution
Success of the German unification movement
Spread of imperialism to Africa and Asia

Correct Answer

A. Policies of the enlightened despots

Explanation

The writings of 18th-century French philosophers Diderot, Rousseau, and Voltaire influenced the policies of the enlightened despots. These philosophers advocated for ideas such as the separation of powers, religious tolerance, and social equality. The enlightened despots, such as Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia, were absolute monarchs who embraced these ideas and implemented reforms based on them. They sought to modernize their countries and improve the lives of their subjects by introducing legal and educational reforms, promoting religious tolerance, and supporting the arts and sciences. The influence of these philosophers played a significant role in shaping the policies of these enlightened despots.

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6.

Which 19th century ideology led to the unification of Germany and of Italy and to the eventual breakup of Austria-Hungary and of the Ottoman Empire?

Imperialism
Nationalism
Liberalismm
Socialismsm

Correct Answer

A. Nationalism

Explanation

Nationalism in the 19th century played a significant role in the unification of Germany and Italy, as well as the eventual breakup of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. Nationalism is the belief in the importance of one's own nation and the desire for self-determination and independence. In Germany and Italy, nationalist movements emerged and fought for the unification of fragmented states into unified nations. These movements were successful, leading to the creation of the German Empire and the Kingdom of Italy. On the other hand, nationalism also contributed to the breakup of multi-ethnic empires like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, as various ethnic groups sought to establish their own independent states based on their national identity.

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7.

The writings of John Locke provides support for

Elimination of laissez-faire capitalismg
Formation of government based on a social contract
Continuation of absolute monarchy
Rejection of the natural rights philosophy

Correct Answer

A. Formation of government based on a social contract

Explanation

John Locke's writings advocate for the formation of government based on a social contract. He believed that individuals enter into a social contract to establish a government that would protect their natural rights, such as life, liberty, and property. According to Locke, the purpose of government is to serve the people and secure their rights. Therefore, his ideas support the notion of forming a government based on a social contract rather than endorsing laissez-faire capitalism, absolute monarchy, or rejecting the natural rights philosophy.

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8.

A long-term result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe was

An increase in the number of small farms
A decline in international trade
A general rise in the standard of living
A strengthening of the economic power of the nobility

Correct Answer

A. A general rise in the standard of living

Explanation

The Industrial Revolution in Europe brought about significant advancements in technology, production, and transportation, leading to increased productivity and economic growth. This resulted in a general rise in the standard of living for many people. With the introduction of new machinery and manufacturing processes, goods became more affordable and accessible to a larger portion of the population. Additionally, the Industrial Revolution created new job opportunities and improved wages for workers, contributing to an overall improvement in living conditions and quality of life.

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9.

Which statement is supported by the ideas of Karl Marx?

Private ownership of businesses helps workers.
Industrialization benefits the wealthy and exploits the poor.
Countries should benefit from the wealth of their colonies.
Industrial capitalism allows workers and employers to work together for a common purpose.

Correct Answer

A. Industrialization benefits the wealthy and exploits the poor.

Explanation

Karl Marx's ideas are centered around the concept of class struggle and the exploitation of the working class by the capitalist class. He believed that industrialization and the rise of capitalism led to the concentration of wealth in the hands of the wealthy elite, while the working class was exploited and faced worsening conditions. Therefore, the statement "Industrialization benefits the wealthy and exploits the poor" aligns with Marx's ideas.

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10.

One reason Italy and Germany were not major colonial powers in the 16th and 17th centuries was that they

Had self-sufficient economies
Lacked political unity
Rejected the practice of imperialism
Belonged to opposing alliances

Correct Answer

A. Lacked political unity

Explanation

Italy and Germany were not major colonial powers in the 16th and 17th centuries because they lacked political unity. This means that these countries were divided into various independent states, which made it difficult for them to form a cohesive colonial empire. Without a centralized government and unified decision-making, Italy and Germany were unable to effectively compete with other European powers in establishing and maintaining colonies overseas. This lack of political unity hindered their ability to project power and expand their influence beyond their own territories.

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Chapters 17-20 Review Quiz 2

Which factors helped cause the defeat of Napoleon during his invasion of Russia?

Quiz Preview

One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both

The needs of the Industrial Revolution in 19th-century Europe greatly contributed to the

One of the main purposes of the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) was to

The writings of the 18th-century French philosophers Diderot, Rousseau, and Voltaire influenced the

Which 19th century ideology led to the unification of Germany and of Italy and to the eventual breakup of Austria-Hungary and of the Ottoman Empire?

The writings of John Locke provides support for

A long-term result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe was

Which statement is supported by the ideas of Karl Marx?

One reason Italy and Germany were not major colonial powers in the 16th and 17th centuries was that they