ChAPters 14 And 15 AP Gov.

The complexity of American Bureaucracy is attributed to the division of authority among multiple managing institutions. This means that decision-making power is dispersed among different agencies and departments, making coordination and implementation of policies more challenging. This fragmentation can lead to inefficiencies, delays, and confusion within the bureaucratic system. It also means that different institutions may have their own priorities and interests, which can further complicate the functioning of the bureaucracy.

"Schedule C" appointments involve jobs with a confidential or policy-determining character. This means that individuals appointed under "Schedule C" are responsible for handling sensitive information, making important policy decisions, and implementing those policies. These appointments are typically made by the President of the United States and are subject to a rigorous selection process. Therefore, the statement that "Schedule C" appointments involve jobs with a confidential or policy-determining character is true.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that government agencies often have a hierarchical structure and promote from within. This means that individuals who have been in government service for a long time are more likely to climb the ranks and hold positions of power within these agencies. As a result, it is common for government agencies to be dominated by individuals who have spent most of their lives working in government service.

The correct answer is the Pendleton Act. The Pendleton Act, also known as the Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, was passed to reform the federal government's hiring practices. It established the merit system for federal employment, which meant that appointments to government positions would be based on qualifications and performance rather than political patronage. This act marked a shift from the spoils system, where government jobs were given as rewards for political support, to a more fair and competitive system of employment.

The statement is true because the power of the president to remove governmental officers was indeed a topic of intense debate during the first congress. This debate revolved around the extent of the president's authority to remove officers and the potential implications for the separation of powers. Some argued that the president should have the power to remove officers at will, while others believed that such power should be limited and subject to checks and balances. The debate ultimately led to the passage of the Tenure of Office Act in 1789, which restricted the president's power to remove certain officers without the Senate's approval.

During World War I, Congress granted President Wilson the authority to take over the operation of railroads and regulate the distribution of food. This was done in order to ensure efficient transportation of troops and supplies, as well as to prevent hoarding and price gouging during the war. By giving the president these powers, Congress aimed to centralize control and coordinate efforts to support the war effort. Therefore, the statement that Congress authorized President Wilson to operate the railroads and control the distribution of food during WWI is true.

The statement suggests that there is a higher proportion of people with conservative viewpoints in defense agencies compared to other sectors. This could be due to the nature of defense agencies, which often prioritize security, traditional values, and strong military presence. Conservative individuals may be more inclined to support and work in such organizations. However, it is important to note that this answer is based on the assumption made in the statement and may vary depending on the specific context and country.

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) employs lawyers and economists because these professionals possess the necessary expertise to enforce and regulate laws related to trade and competition. Lawyers are crucial for interpreting and enforcing legal regulations, while economists provide insights into market dynamics and potential anticompetitive behavior. By combining the legal and economic perspectives, the FTC can effectively protect consumers and promote fair competition in the marketplace. Doctors, on the other hand, are not typically employed by the FTC as their expertise is not directly relevant to the agency's mission.

During times of war, the federal government often needs to expand its operations to handle the increased demands and responsibilities that come with conflict. This usually leads to an increase in the size of the federal bureaucracy as more staff and resources are needed to support war efforts. Therefore, the correct answer is that wars generally cause the federal bureaucracy to increase in size.

The statement is true because it was indeed decided early on that cabinet departments would be run by individuals who could only be removed from their positions by the president. This decision was made to ensure that the president had full control over the executive branch and could easily replace department heads if necessary.

The text implies that the buddy system does not always result in poor employees. This suggests that there may be instances where the buddy system is effective in producing competent and capable employees.

The statement suggests that Congress does not often give job assignments to just one agency. This implies that multiple agencies are usually involved in carrying out tasks or projects. This could be due to various reasons such as the need for different expertise or resources from different agencies, the desire to distribute workload and responsibility, or the intention to promote competition and efficiency.

The political ideology of a president appointee is important because it affects how the laws are interpreted. Ideology shapes an individual's beliefs and values, influencing their approach to governance and decision-making. A president appointee with a particular ideology is more likely to interpret laws in alignment with that ideology, which can have significant implications for policy outcomes and legal interpretations. This can impact various aspects of governance, including the implementation and enforcement of laws, as well as the overall direction and priorities of the administration.

The amount of discretionary authority that its officials have is the most important consideration in evaluating the power of a bureaucracy. This is because discretionary authority refers to the ability of officials to make decisions and take actions without being bound by specific rules or regulations. The more discretionary authority officials have, the more power they have to shape and influence the outcomes of bureaucratic processes. Therefore, the level of discretionary authority is a key factor in determining the overall power and effectiveness of a bureaucracy.

The correct answer states that the legislature may not delegate its powers to any administrative agency. This means that the Supreme Court held in 1935 that the legislative branch of government cannot transfer its authority to make laws to any administrative agency. This is an important principle of separation of powers, ensuring that the legislative branch retains its constitutional role in making laws.

The given statement suggests that the percentage of federal employees who belong to the competitive service has decreased in recent years. This means that there has been a decline in the number of federal employees who are hired through a competitive selection process. This could be due to various reasons such as changes in hiring practices, increased use of non-competitive hiring methods, or a decrease in the overall number of federal employees.

The given correct answer states that Congress has not passed a law containing a legislative veto since the Court considered its constitutionality in 1983. This means that after the Supreme Court ruled such vetoes unconstitutional, Congress has refrained from including legislative vetoes in their laws.

The text does not conclude that a standardized centralized system governs the federal service. It is likely that the text either does not mention or provides evidence to contradict the existence of such a system. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

The answer is 50% because it is the only option that is not a percentage. The question asks for the percentage of federal employees who are part of the excepted service, and the answer options are all given as percentages except for 50%. Therefore, 50% is the correct answer.

An NCE job does not enhance one's career within an agency in bureaucratic lingo.