10 Basic Skin Questions Chapter 5

Explanation
The primary organ of the integumentary system is the epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and serves as a protective barrier against external factors such as pathogens, UV radiation, and dehydration. It also helps regulate body temperature and contains melanocytes that produce melanin, which gives color to the skin. The sweat glands, dermis, and nerves are important components of the integumentary system, but they are not considered the primary organ.

Explanation
The statement is true because hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands are indeed considered as the four accessory structures of the skin. These structures play important roles in maintaining the health and functionality of the skin. Hair helps protect the skin from external factors, nails provide support and protection to the fingertips, sebaceous glands produce sebum that moisturizes and protects the skin, and sweat glands help regulate body temperature by producing sweat.

Explanation
The skin serves as a protective barrier for the body, preventing harmful substances from entering and protecting against physical injuries. It also helps regulate body temperature by sweating and controlling blood flow to the skin's surface. The skin contains sensory receptors that allow us to perceive touch, pressure, pain, and temperature. Additionally, the skin secretes sweat, oil, and other substances that help moisturize and protect the skin.

Explanation
The skin is composed of two main layers: the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and it acts as a protective barrier against the environment. It is made up of cells that constantly regenerate and shed. The dermis is the layer beneath the epidermis and it contains various structures such as blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles. The dermis provides support and nourishment to the epidermis.

Explanation
The skin is composed of two layers called the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and provides a protective barrier against environmental factors. It also contains melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin that gives color to the skin. The dermis is the layer beneath the epidermis and is responsible for providing strength and elasticity to the skin. It contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. Together, these two layers work together to protect and support the body.

Explanation
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, and it is composed of several layers called "strata." These layers include the germinativum, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, and corneum. Each layer has a specific function and plays a role in protecting the body from external factors such as bacteria and UV radiation. Therefore, the statement that germinativum, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, and corneum are the five "strata" of the epidermis is true.

Explanation
Keratin is the correct answer because it is a protein substance that serves as the basic structural component for both hair and nails. Keratin is a fibrous protein that provides strength and durability to these structures. Vitamin C and vitamin D are not protein substances and do not play a role in the structural component of hair and nails. Fiber, while important for overall health, is not specifically related to the structure of hair and nails.

Explanation
Melanin is a pigment that gives color to the skin. It is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are located in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Melanin is responsible for determining the color of our hair, eyes, and skin. It helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation by absorbing and scattering the rays. The amount and type of melanin in the skin vary among individuals, resulting in different skin tones and colors.

Explanation
The corium or true skin is known as the dermis. The dermis is the layer of skin located beneath the epidermis. It contains various structures such as blood vessels, sweat glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings. The dermis provides support and strength to the skin and helps regulate body temperature. It also plays a crucial role in sensation, as it contains sensory receptors for touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.

Explanation
The two layers of the dermis are called the papillary and reticular layers. The papillary layer is the outermost layer of the dermis and is responsible for providing nutrients and oxygen to the epidermis. It also contains nerve endings and blood vessels. The reticular layer is the deeper layer of the dermis and is made up of dense connective tissue. It provides strength and elasticity to the skin and contains sweat glands, hair follicles, and sensory receptors.

Explanation
The crescent-shaped white area of the nail is called the lunula. This is a correct statement. The lunula is the visible part of the nail matrix, which is the area where new nail cells are formed. It appears as a whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail. The size and visibility of the lunula may vary among individuals, but it is generally present on most nails.