Late Adulthood Development Psychology! Quiz

The correct answer is BODY TRANSCENDENCE VERSUS BODY PREOCCUPATION. This answer aligns with the statement that people must learn to cope with and move beyond changes in physical capabilities as a result of aging. Body transcendence refers to accepting and adapting to these changes, while body preoccupation refers to being overly concerned and focused on one's physical appearance and capabilities.

The most frequent cause of adolescent death is accidents, usually motor vehicle accidents. This is because adolescents are often inexperienced drivers and may engage in risky behaviors such as speeding or distracted driving. Additionally, they may be more prone to taking risks and not fully understanding the consequences of their actions. These factors contribute to a higher likelihood of accidents among adolescents, making it the leading cause of death in this age group.

During the stage of bargaining, individuals are attempting to negotiate or make deals with a higher power, often God, in order to avoid or delay death. This stage is characterized by a sense of desperation and a desire to find a way out of the inevitable. It is a common coping mechanism for individuals facing the reality of their mortality, as they seek to regain a sense of control and hope in the face of death.

The correct answer is Peripheral Slowing Hypothesis. This theory suggests that as individuals age, the overall processing speed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) declines. The PNS includes the nerves that extend from the spinal cord and brain to the extremities of the body. This hypothesis proposes that the decline in processing speed in the PNS contributes to age-related changes in cognitive and motor functions.

Erikson labeled the last stage of personality development as the Ego-Integrity-Versus-Despair Stage. This stage is characterized by a process of looking back over one's life, evaluating it, and coming to terms with it. In this stage, individuals reflect on their accomplishments and failures, and strive to achieve a sense of integrity and fulfillment. They may also experience feelings of despair and regret if they feel that they have not lived a meaningful life. This stage is crucial for achieving a sense of wisdom and acceptance of one's life journey.

Genetic Preprogramming Theories of Aging suggest that our body's DNA genetic code contains a built-in time limit for the reproduction of human cells. This theory proposes that there may be a "death gene" programmed in our genetic material that directs the body to deteriorate and die. Alternatively, it suggests that genetic instructions for running the body can only be read a certain number of times before they become illegible. These theories imply that aging is predetermined by our genes and that there is a genetic program that controls the aging process.

Denial is a psychological defense mechanism that allows individuals to reject or refuse to accept a painful or distressing reality. In the context of the given statement, resisting the idea of death and saying "No, I'm not or she's not" demonstrates denial as a way to cope with the difficult concept of death. By denying the reality of death, individuals can protect themselves from the overwhelming emotions and gradually come to terms with the information at their own pace.

In the stage of acceptance, individuals near death have come to terms with the reality of their impending death. They have fully acknowledged and understood that death is inevitable. This stage is characterized by a sense of peace and tranquility, as individuals may no longer resist or fight against the idea of death. They may also express a desire to be left alone, as they may prefer to spend their remaining time in solitude or with close loved ones.

Implicit memory refers to the unconscious or automatic retrieval of information or skills that have been previously learned. This type of memory involves memories that people are not consciously aware of, such as how to ride a bike or how to tie shoelaces. Implicit memory is different from explicit or declarative memory, which involves conscious recall of facts and events. Implicit memory is a component of long-term memory, where information is stored and can be retrieved without conscious effort.

At this stage, the individual is overwhelmed by a deep sense of loss. They may feel hopeless, sad, and have a lack of motivation or interest in activities they once enjoyed. This aligns with the symptoms of depression, which is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, and a loss of pleasure in daily activities. Depression is often associated with grief and loss, and it is a normal part of the grieving process to experience this stage.

The correct answer is negative because the question states that ageism is found in widespread attitudes toward older people, suggesting that they are in less than full command of their faculties. This implies a negative perception and treatment of older individuals based on their age.

Alzheimer's Disease is the correct answer because it is the most common form of dementia. It is a progressive brain disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. People with Alzheimer's experience memory loss, confusion, and difficulty with problem-solving and communication. This disease is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in the brain, leading to the death of brain cells and the deterioration of cognitive function over time.

Ageism refers to prejudice and discrimination against individuals based on their age, particularly towards older people. It is a form of social bias that can manifest in various ways, such as exclusion from job opportunities, stereotyping, or marginalization. This term encompasses the negative attitudes and beliefs that society holds towards older individuals, leading to unequal treatment and unfair practices. Ageism can have detrimental effects on the well-being and quality of life of older people, limiting their opportunities and perpetuating stereotypes about aging.

Life Review is a theory where individuals reflect on and assess their lives, often in old age. It involves looking backward and examining experiences, accomplishments, and regrets. This process allows individuals to gain insight, find meaning, and achieve a sense of closure. Life Review helps individuals make sense of their past and can contribute to personal growth and psychological well-being. It is often used in therapeutic settings to promote self-reflection and facilitate a sense of fulfillment and acceptance.

The letters "DNR" stand for "do not resuscitate," indicating that medical personnel should not go to extraordinary or extreme efforts to save a terminally ill patient. This means that they should not attempt to revive the patient if their heart stops or if they stop breathing. The decision to have a DNR order is typically made in consultation with the patient or their family, and it is meant to respect the patient's wishes and provide a more comfortable end-of-life experience.

The Disengagement Theory suggests that late adulthood is a period where individuals gradually withdraw from the world on physical, psychological, and social levels. This theory proposes that as people age, they naturally disengage from societal roles and responsibilities, leading to a decrease in their involvement and interaction with others. It implies that this withdrawal is a normal and expected part of the aging process.

Episodic memory refers to the ability to recall specific events or experiences from one's personal past. It involves remembering details such as time, place, emotions, and people associated with the event. In this case, the memory of visiting New York is a specific life experience that falls under the category of episodic memory. This type of memory is different from semantic memory, which involves general knowledge and facts, and implicit memory, which is unconscious memory for skills and habits. Episodic memory is a form of long-term memory, which stores information for an extended period of time.

In early adulthood, the leading cause of death is accidents, which includes car accidents, falls, and other unintentional injuries. This is followed by suicide, homicide, AIDS, and cancer. However, as individuals reach the end of this period, illness becomes the leading cause of death. This could include various diseases and health conditions that become more prevalent as people age.

Costa and McCrae's research suggests that basic personality traits remain stable over time. This means that traits such as agreeableness, satisfaction, intellect, extroversion, and energy tend to remain consistent and relatively unchanged throughout a person's life.

The correct answer is "oldest-old". This term refers to individuals who are 85 years old or older. This segment of the population is considered the fastest-growing because people are living longer due to advancements in healthcare and improved quality of life. The term "oldest-old" specifically distinguishes this age group from those who are simply "old" or "oldest", highlighting the unique characteristics and challenges associated with this advanced age.

The given theory suggests that successful aging is achieved when individuals continue to engage in the interests, activities, and social interactions they were involved in during middle age. This means that staying active and maintaining a sense of purpose and involvement in various activities can contribute to a fulfilling and satisfying aging process. This theory emphasizes the importance of remaining mentally, physically, and socially active in order to promote successful aging.

The wear-and-tear theories of aging suggest that the mechanical functions of the body deteriorate over time. According to some sub-theories, the body's continuous production of energy generates by-products that accumulate to harmful levels, ultimately impairing the normal functioning of the body.

The answer "REDEFINITION OF SELF VERSUS PREOCCUPATION WITH WORK-ROLE" aligns with the statement in the question that in old age, individuals need to redefine themselves in ways that are not related to their work-roles or occupations. This suggests that the major developmental task for those in old age is to find new ways to define themselves outside of their work, indicating a shift in focus and identity. The other options, body transcendence versus body preoccupation and ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation, do not directly address the idea of redefining oneself in relation to work-roles or occupations.

Wisdom refers to having expert knowledge in the practical aspects of life. It goes beyond mere intelligence or knowledge, as it involves the ability to apply knowledge and make sound judgments and decisions. Wisdom is gained through experience and understanding, allowing individuals to navigate complex situations and solve problems effectively. It encompasses a deep understanding of human nature and the ability to discern what is right or wrong. Unlike intellectual capabilities, which can be purely based on cognitive abilities, wisdom involves a holistic understanding of life and its complexities.

The correct answer is "high; Miscarriage". This is because the statement mentions that the US has a high infant mortality rate, which implies that there are a significant number of infant deaths. The second part of the statement states that parents dealing with infant death feel isolated, which suggests that the death being referred to is not a common or widely recognized cause of death. Miscarriage fits this description, as it is a type of death that is often not discussed openly and can leave parents feeling isolated in their grief.

Semantic memory is the correct answer because it refers to the storage and retrieval of general knowledge and facts. It includes information about concepts, meanings, and categories, such as knowing that 2+2 equals 4 or the names of the capitals of U.S. states. This type of memory is not tied to a specific event or personal experience, but rather focuses on the understanding of the world and the accumulation of knowledge.

Accidents are the most frequent cause of death in childhood, meaning that they are the leading cause of death among children. However, there is also a substantial number of deaths due to homicide, which refers to the intentional killing of one person by another. This suggests that while accidents may be the most common cause of death in childhood, there is still a significant number of deaths caused by intentional acts of violence.

Dementia is the correct answer because it is a broad category that includes several diseases, all of which involve serious memory loss and declines in other mental functioning. It is also stated that dementia is the most common mental disorder among the elderly. This explanation aligns with the given information and the options provided.

The correct answer is EGO TRANSCENDENCE VERSUS EGO PREOCCUPATION. This answer aligns with the idea that older adults must come to terms with their impending death and recognize the contributions they have made to society. Ego transcendence refers to the ability to move beyond self-centered concerns and focus on the broader meaning and purpose of life. In contrast, ego preoccupation refers to being overly focused on oneself and unable to let go of past roles and achievements. Therefore, the concept of ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation fits well with the developmental task of older adults in relation to their coming death.

Moving in with children can lead to conflict and potential loss of independence and privacy. Older adults may feel uncomfortable with the way their children are raising their grandchildren, which can result in arguments and disagreements. Additionally, when older adults move into facilities such as continuing-care communities or nursing facilities, they may have to give up some of their independence and privacy as they adjust to a new living arrangement.

Social support refers to the assistance and comfort provided by another person or a network of caring, interested people. It can be in the form of emotional support, such as listening and offering empathy, or practical support, such as providing resources or helping with daily tasks. Social support plays a crucial role in promoting well-being, reducing stress, and enhancing resilience. It can come from various sources, including family, friends, colleagues, or support groups. The concept of social support is widely recognized in psychology and healthcare as a vital component of maintaining mental and physical health.

Life-threatening diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke, are the leading causes of death in middle-aged adults. These diseases are often chronic and progressive, and if left untreated or unmanaged, can lead to fatal outcomes. Accidents, AIDS, and murder are also causes of death, but they are less common compared to life-threatening diseases in this age group.

The theory of Generalized Slowing Hypothesis suggests that as we age, processing in all parts of the nervous system, including the brain, becomes less efficient. This means that the speed at which information is processed and transmitted throughout the nervous system slows down. This theory proposes that the decline in cognitive and physical functions commonly associated with aging is due to this generalized slowing of neural processes.

Living wills are legal documents that allow individuals to express their medical treatment preferences in the event that they are unable to communicate their wishes. These documents outline specific medical interventions that the person wants or does not want, such as resuscitation, life support, or tube feeding. Living wills are important for ensuring that an individual's healthcare decisions are respected and followed, even if they are unable to advocate for themselves. They provide clarity and guidance to healthcare providers and loved ones during times of medical decision-making.

In this stage, people may be likely to express anger. This is indicated by the statement "They may say things like 'Why me/her?' 'Why not you?'" This suggests that they are questioning why they are facing a difficult situation while others are not. Additionally, it is mentioned that in this stage, people may be very difficult to be around, which further supports the idea that anger is the likely emotion being expressed.

The correct answer is 4 to 18 million; 25%. The given information states that by the year 2020, there will be over 200,000 people over the age of 85. It then goes on to mention projections for the year 2050, estimating that almost 25% of the population will be over 65. Therefore, the number of people over age 85 is projected to increase from 4 to 18 million by 2050.

According to Levinson, people in late adulthood struggle with being old and the loss of power, respect, and authority. They also face illness and the death of loved ones. However, they can also serve as mentors for younger people and enjoy more freedom for leisure activities.